不同生育期调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄耗水及产量和品质的影响
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摘要
【目的】通过研究不同生育期水分亏缺对酿酒葡萄耗水量、产量及品质的影响,探明酿酒葡萄合理的水分调控模式.【方法】在大田条件下,以酿酒葡萄‘梅鹿辄’(Merlot)为试材,进行了不同生育期水分调控试验,分析不同生育期亏水对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响.【结果】果实膨大期是酿酒葡萄耗水量最大的时期,该阶段轻度或中度亏水会使产量分别降低10.29%和12.77%;着色成熟期轻度亏水可使酿酒葡萄中的总酚含量和可溶性固形物含量分别提高11.3%和23.14%,可滴定酸含量降低22.99%.【结论】果实膨大期亏水会造成酿酒葡萄减产,负面影响最大;着色成熟期轻度亏水可提高酿酒葡萄品质、降低耗水量,且减产幅度最小,是酿酒葡萄较优良的水分调控处理模式.
【Objective】 In order to explore the proper management system of water regulation model,to study the effects of water deficit at different growth stages on water consumption,yield and quality of wine grapes.【Method】 Under the field conditions,with the wine grape cultivar Merlot as materials,the water control experiment was carried out at different growth stages. The different irrigation treatments were compared and analyzed for grape growth and fruit quality at different growth stages. 【Result】 The most water consumption stage was fruit expanding period,which reduced production about 10.29% and 12.77% under mild and moderate water deficit,respectively. During coloring mature period,the total phenol content and soluble solids content increased by 11.3% and 23.14%,and the titratable acid content decreased about 22.99% under moderate water deficit,respectively.【Conclusion】 The water deficit during the fruit expanding period decreases crop failure of wine grapes,and the negative impact is the greatest. Light water loss during coloring mature period improves grape quality,reduces water consumption,and decreases production rate in the minimum degree,which is a better water regulation treatment for wine grape.
【Objective】 In order to explore the proper management system of water regulation model,to study the effects of water deficit at different growth stages on water consumption,yield and quality of wine grapes.【Method】 Under the field conditions,with the wine grape cultivar Merlot as materials,the water control experiment was carried out at different growth stages. The different irrigation treatments were compared and analyzed for grape growth and fruit quality at different growth stages. 【Result】 The most water consumption stage was fruit expanding period,which reduced production about 10.29% and 12.77% under mild and moderate water deficit,respectively. During coloring mature period,the total phenol content and soluble solids content increased by 11.3% and 23.14%,and the titratable acid content decreased about 22.99% under moderate water deficit,respectively.【Conclusion】 The water deficit during the fruit expanding period decreases crop failure of wine grapes,and the negative impact is the greatest. Light water loss during coloring mature period improves grape quality,reduces water consumption,and decreases production rate in the minimum degree,which is a better water regulation treatment for wine grape.
引文
[1] 郑睿,康绍忠,佟玲,等.不同天气条件下荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄植株耗水规律[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):99-107.
[2] 王锐,孙权,郭洁,等.不同灌溉及施肥方式对酿酒葡萄生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(5):123-127.
[3] 李新文,陈佰鸿,毛娟,等.不同砧木对‘赤霞珠'葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(1):71-77.
[4] 李雅善,赵现华,王华,等.葡萄调亏灌溉技术的研究现状与展望[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):236-241.
[5] 房玉林,孙伟,万力,等.调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(13):2730-2738.
[6] 刘洪光,何新林,王雅琴,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌葡萄耗水规律及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):109-111.
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[8] 张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[9] 孔维萍,成自勇,张芮,等.不同时期亏水对设施延后栽培葡萄生长特性与品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(17):33-37.
[10] 纪学伟,成自勇,张芮,等.干旱荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄滴灌控水灌溉试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):135-140.
[11] 杜太生,康绍忠,张霁,等.不同沟灌模式对沙漠绿洲区葡萄生长和水分利用的效应[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):805-810.
[12] 杜太生,康绍忠,闫博远,等.干旱荒漠绿洲区葡萄根系分区交替灌溉试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):52-58.
[13] 李雅善,李华,王华,等.设施栽培下不同灌溉处理对‘希姆劳特’植株生长及果实的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(9):1784-1792.
[14] 付凌,彭世彰,李道西.作物调亏灌溉效应影响因素之研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(1):380-383.
[15] 中华人民共和国水利部.SLl3-2004灌溉试验规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[16] 张芮,成自勇,杨阿利,等.小管出流不同亏水时期对延后栽培葡萄耗水及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):164-168.
[17] 王政友.土壤水分蒸发的影响因素分析[J].山西水利,2003(2):26-27.
[18] 张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[19] 李晶,李华,王华.不同生育期水分亏缺对‘赤霞珠’耗水及果实品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(5):727-734.
[20] 邓浩亮,孔维萍,张恒嘉,等.不同生育期调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄耗水及果实品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1196-1205.
[21] Acevedo O C,Ortega F S,Fuentes S.Effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) water status on water consumption,vegetative growth and grape quality:an irrigation scheduling application to achieve regulated deficit irrigation [J].Agricultural Water Management,2010(97):956-964.
[22] 贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[23] 李晶.不同生育期水分亏缺对赤霞珠耗水及果实品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[24] 王晓玥,孙磊,闫爱玲,等.两种新型灌溉制度-调控亏缺灌溉(RDI)和交替根区灌溉(APRI)在葡萄上应用的研究进展[J].果树学报,2016,33(8):1014-1022.
[2] 王锐,孙权,郭洁,等.不同灌溉及施肥方式对酿酒葡萄生长发育及产量品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2012,30(5):123-127.
[3] 李新文,陈佰鸿,毛娟,等.不同砧木对‘赤霞珠'葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].甘肃农业大学学报,2018,53(1):71-77.
[4] 李雅善,赵现华,王华,等.葡萄调亏灌溉技术的研究现状与展望[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(1):236-241.
[5] 房玉林,孙伟,万力,等.调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄生长及果实品质的影响[J].中国农业科学,2013,46(13):2730-2738.
[6] 刘洪光,何新林,王雅琴,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌葡萄耗水规律及产量的影响研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2010,29(6):109-111.
[7] 刘洪光,何新林,王雅琴,等.调亏灌溉对滴灌葡萄生长与产量的影响[J].石河子大学学报(自然科学版),2010,28(5):610-613.
[8] 张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[9] 孔维萍,成自勇,张芮,等.不同时期亏水对设施延后栽培葡萄生长特性与品质的影响[J].广东农业科学,2014,41(17):33-37.
[10] 纪学伟,成自勇,张芮,等.干旱荒漠绿洲区酿酒葡萄滴灌控水灌溉试验研究[J].干旱地区农业研究,2015,33(2):135-140.
[11] 杜太生,康绍忠,张霁,等.不同沟灌模式对沙漠绿洲区葡萄生长和水分利用的效应[J].应用生态学报,2006,17(5):805-810.
[12] 杜太生,康绍忠,闫博远,等.干旱荒漠绿洲区葡萄根系分区交替灌溉试验研究[J].农业工程学报,2007,23(11):52-58.
[13] 李雅善,李华,王华,等.设施栽培下不同灌溉处理对‘希姆劳特’植株生长及果实的影响[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(9):1784-1792.
[14] 付凌,彭世彰,李道西.作物调亏灌溉效应影响因素之研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2006,22(1):380-383.
[15] 中华人民共和国水利部.SLl3-2004灌溉试验规范[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.
[16] 张芮,成自勇,杨阿利,等.小管出流不同亏水时期对延后栽培葡萄耗水及品质的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究,2013,31(2):164-168.
[17] 王政友.土壤水分蒸发的影响因素分析[J].山西水利,2003(2):26-27.
[18] 张芮,成自勇,李毅,等.小管出流亏缺灌溉对设施延后栽培葡萄产量与品质的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012,28(20):108-113.
[19] 李晶,李华,王华.不同生育期水分亏缺对‘赤霞珠’耗水及果实品质的影响[J].西北农业学报,2018,27(5):727-734.
[20] 邓浩亮,孔维萍,张恒嘉,等.不同生育期调亏灌溉对酿酒葡萄耗水及果实品质的影响[J].中国生态农业学报,2016,24(9):1196-1205.
[21] Acevedo O C,Ortega F S,Fuentes S.Effects of grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) water status on water consumption,vegetative growth and grape quality:an irrigation scheduling application to achieve regulated deficit irrigation [J].Agricultural Water Management,2010(97):956-964.
[22] 贺普超.葡萄学[M].北京:中国农业出版社,1999.
[23] 李晶.不同生育期水分亏缺对赤霞珠耗水及果实品质的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2017.
[24] 王晓玥,孙磊,闫爱玲,等.两种新型灌溉制度-调控亏缺灌溉(RDI)和交替根区灌溉(APRI)在葡萄上应用的研究进展[J].果树学报,2016,33(8):1014-1022.
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