短期Cd胁迫对水稻幼苗Cd吸收及理化性质的影响
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摘要
为探讨短期Cd胁迫对水稻各部位营养元素(Zn、Mg、Cu)、叶绿素以及抗氧化酶活性的影响,从而为控制稻米Cd含量提供理论依据,本研究采用水培试验,探讨了在不同Cd浓度(0、1.25、2.5、5μmol/L)和不同处理时间(0、6、12、24、36、48、72 h)下水稻各部位Cd含量及其吸收速率,以及短期(72 h)Cd胁迫对水稻各部位营养元素、叶绿素以及抗氧化酶活性的影响。结果表明:幼苗期水稻根系Cd含量远远大于茎和叶,各部位对Cd的吸收速率均随着处理时间的增加而下降。Cd由根部向地上部分的转运呈现"低促高抑"的现象,处理72 h后低浓度(1.25μmol/L)胁迫下Cd的转移系数是高浓度(5μmol/L)的2.05倍。在5μmol/L Cd胁迫72 h后水稻叶中叶绿素a和叶绿素b的含量分别下降23.5%、33.3%,CAT和ApX活性分别上升19.11%、28.07%。说明Cd胁迫会抑制水稻对营养元素Zn、Mg、Cu的吸收,抑制叶绿素的合成,引起CAT和ApX活性升高。
The experiment aims to investigate the effects of short-term Cd stress on nutrient elements(Zn, Mg,Cu), chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme activities in various parts of rice, so as to provide a theoretical basis for controlling Cd content in rice.In this study, hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamic uptake and transport of Cd by rice and the effects of short-term(72 h) Cd stress on nutrient elements, chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme activities in different parts of rice under different Cd concentrations(0,1.25,2.5,5 μmol/L)and different treatment times(0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h). The results showed that the Cd concentration in rice roots at seedling stage was much higher than that in stems or leaves. The uptake rate of Cd by roots, stems and leaves decreased with the increase of treatment time, and there was significant difference among treatments. The transport of Cd from the root to the aboveground part showed a phenomenon of "low promotion and high inhibition". After 72 hours of treatment, the transfer coefficient of Cd under low concentration(1.25 μmol/L) was 2.05 times higher than that of high concentration(5 μmol/L). At the treatment concentration of 5 μmol/L, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves decreased by 23.5% and 33.3%, respectively, and the activities of CAT and APX increased by 19.11% and 28.07%, respectively,indicating that Cd stress inhibited the uptake of nutrients(Zn, Mg, Cu) in rice,and the synthesis of chlorophyll, which increased the activity of CAT and APX.
The experiment aims to investigate the effects of short-term Cd stress on nutrient elements(Zn, Mg,Cu), chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme activities in various parts of rice, so as to provide a theoretical basis for controlling Cd content in rice.In this study, hydroponic experiments were conducted to investigate the dynamic uptake and transport of Cd by rice and the effects of short-term(72 h) Cd stress on nutrient elements, chlorophyll and antioxidant enzyme activities in different parts of rice under different Cd concentrations(0,1.25,2.5,5 μmol/L)and different treatment times(0, 6, 12, 24, 36, 48, 72 h). The results showed that the Cd concentration in rice roots at seedling stage was much higher than that in stems or leaves. The uptake rate of Cd by roots, stems and leaves decreased with the increase of treatment time, and there was significant difference among treatments. The transport of Cd from the root to the aboveground part showed a phenomenon of "low promotion and high inhibition". After 72 hours of treatment, the transfer coefficient of Cd under low concentration(1.25 μmol/L) was 2.05 times higher than that of high concentration(5 μmol/L). At the treatment concentration of 5 μmol/L, the contents of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b in leaves decreased by 23.5% and 33.3%, respectively, and the activities of CAT and APX increased by 19.11% and 28.07%, respectively,indicating that Cd stress inhibited the uptake of nutrients(Zn, Mg, Cu) in rice,and the synthesis of chlorophyll, which increased the activity of CAT and APX.
引文
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[21]Liang Y,Chen Q,Liu Q,et al.Exogenous silicon(Si)increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2003,160(10):1157-1164.
[2]冯宇佳,赵全利,孙洪欣,等.华北地区菜田土壤-蔬菜重金属污染状况和健康风险评价[J].河北农业大学学报,2017,40(1):1-7.
[3]Li B,Yang L,Wang C Q,et al.Effects of organicinorganic amendments on the cadmium fraction in soil and its accumulation in rice(Oryza sativa,L.)[J].Environmental Science&Pollution Research,2018:1-11,DOi:org/10.1007/S 11356-018-2914-1.
[4]Wan Y,Yu Y,Wang Q,et al.Cadmium uptake dynamics and translocation in rice seedling:Influence of different forms of selenium.[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2016,133:127-134.
[5]马志强,王培培,孙溪,等.两种水稻的镉积累能力和生理特性研究[J].天津农学院学报,2017,24(4):1-5.
[6]梁程,林匡飞,张雯,等.不同浓度硫处理下硒Cd交互胁迫对水稻幼苗的生理特性影响[J].农业环境科学学报,2012,31(5):857-866.
[7]朱智伟,陈铭学,牟仁祥,等.水稻Cd代谢与控制研究进展[J].中国农业科学,2014,47(18):3633-3640.
[8]牟美睿,丁璐,杨仁杰,等.氯化镧对镉胁迫下水稻地上部吸收矿质元素的影响[J].内蒙古民族大学学报:自然科学版,2017,32(4):342-346.
[9]刘侯俊,李雪平,韩晓日,等.镉处理根表铁膜对水稻吸收镉、锰、铜、锌的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(6):1356-1365.
[10]Wan Y,Yu Y,Wang Q,et al.Cadmium uptake dynamics and translocation in rice seedling:Influence of different forms of selenium[J].Ecotoxicology&Environmental Safety,2016,133:127-134.
[11]李姣,刘璐,杨斌,等.镉及镉与铁、锌互作对水稻生长的影响[J].华北农学报,2018,33(1):217-223
[12]张标金,罗林广,魏益华,等.Cd积累差异水稻幼苗的Cd吸收和转运比较分析[J].热带作物学报,2015,36(10):1748-1752
[13]Perfusbarbeoch L,Leonhardt N,Vavasseur A,et al.Heavy metal toxicity:cadmium permeates through calcium channels and disturbs the plant water status[J].Plant Journal,2002,32(4):539-548.
[14]Gussarsson M,Jensén P.Effects of copper and cadmium on uptake and leakage of K+in birch(Betula pendula)roots[J].Tree Physiology,1992,11(3):305.
[15]李隼,黄胜东,赵福庚.重金属Cd对水稻根毛细胞钾离子吸收过程的影响[J].植物生理学报,2011,47(5):481-487.
[16]Patra M,Bhowmik N,Bandopadhyay B,et al.Comparison of mercury,lead and arsenic with respect to genotoxic effects on plant systems and the development of genetic tolerance[J].Environmental&Experimental Botany,2004,52(3):199-223.
[17]杨刚,伍钧,唐亚.铅胁迫下植物抗性机制的研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2005,24(12):1507-1512.
[18]Ruley A T,Sharma N C,Sahi S V.Antioxidant defense in a lead accumulating plant,Sesbania drummondii[J].Plant Physiology&Biochemistry,2004,42(11):899-906..
[19]姜武,吴志刚,陈松林,等.Cd胁迫对铁皮石斛叶片抗氧化酶活性的影响及动力学分析[J].浙江农业学报,2017,29(9):1421-1429.
[20]束良佐,李爽.水杨酸浸种对水分胁迫下玉米幼苗某些生理过程的影响[J].南京农业大学学报,2002,25(3):9-11.
[21]Liang Y,Chen Q,Liu Q,et al.Exogenous silicon(Si)increases antioxidant enzyme activity and reduces lipid peroxidation in roots of salt-stressed barley(Hordeum vulgare L.)[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2003,160(10):1157-1164.