浑善达克沙漠化防治功能区生态退化程度诊断分析
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摘要
生态退化诊断是生态修复的基础和前提。为提高浑善达克生态功能区生态修复效率,基于生态系统"活力-组织力-恢复力"的理念,构建指标体系定量分析了2000~2010年浑善达克沙漠化防治功能区生态退化程度的时空变化。结果表明:10年间,重度退化区域增加了30 701 km~2,中度退化区域减少了35 418 km~2;主要集中分布在苏尼特左旗、苏尼特右旗、正蓝旗和多伦县;轻度退化、临界和稳定状态分别增加了1 885 km~2、2 826 km~2和5. 82 km~2,主要分布在丰宁满族自治县、沽源县和张北县;其他旗县生态环境质量以中度退化为主,未发生明显变化。控制建设用地规模、优化开发布局、改进土地利用方式、减轻草场放牧压力以及开展合理的生态建设,是提升浑善达克生态功能的重要途径。
Diagnosis of ecological degradation is the basis and the precondition of ecological restoration. In order to improve the ecological restoration efficiency of Hunshandake area,the vigor-organization-resilience model was adopted to establish an index system for quantitatively analyzing the temporal and spatial pattern of ecological degradation degree between 2000 and 2010. Results indicate that the severe degraded area has been increased by30 701 km~2 and moderately degraded has been reduced by 35 418 km~2,mainly concentrated in Sonid Right Banner,Sonid Left Banner,Plain Blue Banner and Duolun County. Lightly degraded,critical and steady state have been increased by 1 885 km~2,2 826 km~2 and 5. 82 km~2,mainly distributed in Manchu Autonomous County of Fengning,Guyuan County and Zhangbei County. The ecological environment quality of other county was mainly moderate degradation,and no significant change occurred. Control the scale of construction land,optimize the development of the layout,improve the way of land use,reduce grassland grazing pressure and carry out a reasonable ecological construction are important ways to enhance the ecological function of Hunshandake area.
Diagnosis of ecological degradation is the basis and the precondition of ecological restoration. In order to improve the ecological restoration efficiency of Hunshandake area,the vigor-organization-resilience model was adopted to establish an index system for quantitatively analyzing the temporal and spatial pattern of ecological degradation degree between 2000 and 2010. Results indicate that the severe degraded area has been increased by30 701 km~2 and moderately degraded has been reduced by 35 418 km~2,mainly concentrated in Sonid Right Banner,Sonid Left Banner,Plain Blue Banner and Duolun County. Lightly degraded,critical and steady state have been increased by 1 885 km~2,2 826 km~2 and 5. 82 km~2,mainly distributed in Manchu Autonomous County of Fengning,Guyuan County and Zhangbei County. The ecological environment quality of other county was mainly moderate degradation,and no significant change occurred. Control the scale of construction land,optimize the development of the layout,improve the way of land use,reduce grassland grazing pressure and carry out a reasonable ecological construction are important ways to enhance the ecological function of Hunshandake area.
引文
1任海,彭少麟,陆宏芳.退化生态系统恢复与恢复生态[J].生态学报,2004,24(8):1756-1764Ren Hai,Peng Shaolin,Lu Hongfang.The restoration of degraded ecosystems and restoration ecology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2004,24(8):1756-1764
2高吉喜,邹长新,吴丹,等.区域减压增效生态调控修复模式研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):1-6Gao Jixi,Zou Changxin,Wu Dan,et al.Regional ecosystem restoration by ecological regulation approaches[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(1):1-6
3杜晓军,高贤明,马克平.生态系统退化程度诊断:生态恢复的基础与前提[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(5):700-708Du Xiaojun,Gao Xianming,Ma Keping.Diagnosis of ecosystem the degree of degradation of an ecosystem:the basis and precondition of ecological restoration[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2003,27(5):700-708
4 Ulanowicz R E.Phenomenological perspective of ecological development[J].Women and Therapy,1986,11(3-4):5-31
5 Ulanowicz R E.Ascendency:A measure of ecosystem performance[M]//Handbook of Ecosystem Theories and Management.Boca Raton:CRC Press Inc,2000
6 Ruiz-Jaén M C,Aide T M.Vegetation structure,species diversity,and ecosystem processes as measures of restoration success[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,218(1):159-173
7陈灵芝.中国退化生态系统研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995Chen Lingzhi.Study on China's degraded ecosystems[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1995
8康乐.生态系统恢复与重建[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:300-308Kang le.Ecosystem restoration and reconstruction[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990:300-308
9李博.生态学[M].北京:高等教育社,1999Li Bo.Ecology[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Press,1999
10仝川,杨景荣,雍伟义,等.锡林河流域草原植被退化空间格局分析[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(5):571-578Tong Chuan,Yang Jingrong,Yong Weiyi,et al.Spatial pattern of steppe degradation in Xilin River Basin inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(5):571-578
11蔡霞,徐颂军,陈善浩,等.基于诊断学的生态系统健康评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7190-7196Cai Xia,Xu Songjun,Chen Shanhao,et al.Ecosystem health assessment based on diagnosis[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(22):7190-7196
12田美荣,高吉喜,邹长新,等.重要生态功能区生态退化诊断理论、思路与方法探析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):691-696Tian Meirong,Gao Jixi,Zou Changxin,et al.Theories,ideas and methods for diagnosis of ecological degradation in important ecological function areas[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(5):691-696
13高吉喜,栗忠飞.生态文明建设要点探索[J].生态与农村环境学报,2014,30(5):545-551Gao Jixi,Li Zhongfei.Key points in construction of ecological civilization[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2014,30(5):545-551
14陈玉福,蔡强国.京北浑善达克沙地荒漠化现状、成因与对策[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(4):353-359Chen Yufu,Cai Qiangguo.The status,causes and control of desertification in the Ortindag sandy land to the north of Beijing[J].Progress in Geography,2003,22(4):353-359
15高红侠,杨绫.探议浑善达克沙地的治理与恢复[J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2008,10(3):28-30Gao Hongxia,Yang Ling.The discussion of managment and restoration of Hunshadak[J].Chongqing University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2008,10(3):28-30
16张宝林,罗瑞林.浑善达克地区温度和降水的时空变化特征分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,46(5):51-59Zhang Baolin,Luo Ruilin.Analysis on temporal and spatial characters of temperature and precipitation in Otintag[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2010,46(5):51-59
17章家恩,徐琪.退化生态系统的诊断特征及其评价指标体系[J].长江流域资源与环境,1999,8(2):215-220Zhang Jia'en,Xu Qi.The diagnostic features of degraded ecosystem and index systems for degradation evaluation[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,1999,8(2):215-220
18冯海云,何利平,常华,等.滨海新区湿地生态系统退化程度诊断分析[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(9):99-104Feng Haiyun,He Liping,Chang Hua,et al.Diagnosis of the ecosyetem degradation degree of the wetlands in Binhai new aera[J].Environmental Science and Management,2010,35(9):99-104
19申陆,田美荣,高吉喜,等.浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区防风固沙功能的时空变化及驱动力[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):73-82Shen Lu,Tian Meirong,Gao Jixi,et al.Spatio-temporal change of sand-fixing function and its driving forces in desertification control ecological function area of Hunshandake,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):73-82
20 Shangguan W,Dai Y J,Liu B Y,et al.A soil particle-size distribution dataset for regional land and climate modelling in China[J].Geoderma,2012,171-172:85-91
21李青丰,胡春元,王明玖.浑善达克地区生态环境劣化原因分析及治理对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(3):9-16Li Qingfeng,Hu Chunyuan,Wang Mingjiu.Analysis on the causes of eco-environmental deterioration in Hunshandake sandy land region and countermeasures[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2001,15(3):9-16
22白美兰,郝润全.气候变化对浑善达克沙地生态环境演变的影响[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):484-488Bai Meilan,Hao Runquan.Impact of climatic variation on ecological environmental evolution in Hunshandake sand land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(3):484-488
23陈佳楠,邓芳,乌恩图,等.浑善达克典型区域沙化土地十年遥感监测分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(29):227-234Chen Jianan,Deng Fang,Wu Entu,et al.10 years remote sensing monitoring analysis of desertification land of representative region in Hunshandake[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(29):227-234
24严恩萍,林辉,党永峰,等.2000-2012年京津风沙源治理区植被覆盖时空演变特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):5007-5020Yan Enping,Lin Hui,Dang Yongfeng,et al.The spatiotemporal changes of vegetation cover in Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control region during 2000-2012[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(17):5007-5020
25张华,李锋瑞,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地人工杨树林生态服务效能评价[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1591-1596Zhang Hua,Li Fengrui,Zhang Tonghui,et al.Evaluation of ecological service of populus simonii forest Heerqin sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(10):1591-1596
26杜富林.浑善达克沙地草地放牧制度和特殊经营管理行为的研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(6):106-109Du Fulin.Researches on grazing systems and special management behavior in Hunshandake sandy rangeland area[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2008,30(6):106-109
27王光美,蒋高明,彭羽,等.基于社区发展的生物多样性保护策略-以浑善达克沙地生态恢复为例[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1459-1465Wang Guangmei,Jiang Gaoming,Peng Yu,et al.Communitybased conservation strategy:A case study of degrade ecosystem restoration in Hunshandak sand land[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(6):1459-1465
2高吉喜,邹长新,吴丹,等.区域减压增效生态调控修复模式研究[J].生态与农村环境学报,2017,33(1):1-6Gao Jixi,Zou Changxin,Wu Dan,et al.Regional ecosystem restoration by ecological regulation approaches[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2017,33(1):1-6
3杜晓军,高贤明,马克平.生态系统退化程度诊断:生态恢复的基础与前提[J].植物生态学报,2003,27(5):700-708Du Xiaojun,Gao Xianming,Ma Keping.Diagnosis of ecosystem the degree of degradation of an ecosystem:the basis and precondition of ecological restoration[J].Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,2003,27(5):700-708
4 Ulanowicz R E.Phenomenological perspective of ecological development[J].Women and Therapy,1986,11(3-4):5-31
5 Ulanowicz R E.Ascendency:A measure of ecosystem performance[M]//Handbook of Ecosystem Theories and Management.Boca Raton:CRC Press Inc,2000
6 Ruiz-Jaén M C,Aide T M.Vegetation structure,species diversity,and ecosystem processes as measures of restoration success[J].Forest Ecology and Management,2005,218(1):159-173
7陈灵芝.中国退化生态系统研究[M].北京:中国科学技术出版社,1995Chen Lingzhi.Study on China's degraded ecosystems[M].Beijing:China Science and Technology Press,1995
8康乐.生态系统恢复与重建[M].北京:科学出版社,1990:300-308Kang le.Ecosystem restoration and reconstruction[M].Beijing:Science Press,1990:300-308
9李博.生态学[M].北京:高等教育社,1999Li Bo.Ecology[M].Beijing:Advanced Education Press,1999
10仝川,杨景荣,雍伟义,等.锡林河流域草原植被退化空间格局分析[J].自然资源学报,2002,17(5):571-578Tong Chuan,Yang Jingrong,Yong Weiyi,et al.Spatial pattern of steppe degradation in Xilin River Basin inner Mongolia[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2002,17(5):571-578
11蔡霞,徐颂军,陈善浩,等.基于诊断学的生态系统健康评价[J].生态学报,2013,33(22):7190-7196Cai Xia,Xu Songjun,Chen Shanhao,et al.Ecosystem health assessment based on diagnosis[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(22):7190-7196
12田美荣,高吉喜,邹长新,等.重要生态功能区生态退化诊断理论、思路与方法探析[J].生态与农村环境学报,2016,32(5):691-696Tian Meirong,Gao Jixi,Zou Changxin,et al.Theories,ideas and methods for diagnosis of ecological degradation in important ecological function areas[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2016,32(5):691-696
13高吉喜,栗忠飞.生态文明建设要点探索[J].生态与农村环境学报,2014,30(5):545-551Gao Jixi,Li Zhongfei.Key points in construction of ecological civilization[J].Journal of Ecology and Rural Environment,2014,30(5):545-551
14陈玉福,蔡强国.京北浑善达克沙地荒漠化现状、成因与对策[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(4):353-359Chen Yufu,Cai Qiangguo.The status,causes and control of desertification in the Ortindag sandy land to the north of Beijing[J].Progress in Geography,2003,22(4):353-359
15高红侠,杨绫.探议浑善达克沙地的治理与恢复[J].重庆科技学院学报:自然科学版,2008,10(3):28-30Gao Hongxia,Yang Ling.The discussion of managment and restoration of Hunshadak[J].Chongqing University of Science and Technology:Natural Science,2008,10(3):28-30
16张宝林,罗瑞林.浑善达克地区温度和降水的时空变化特征分析[J].东北农业大学学报,2010,46(5):51-59Zhang Baolin,Luo Ruilin.Analysis on temporal and spatial characters of temperature and precipitation in Otintag[J].Journal of Northeast Agricultural University,2010,46(5):51-59
17章家恩,徐琪.退化生态系统的诊断特征及其评价指标体系[J].长江流域资源与环境,1999,8(2):215-220Zhang Jia'en,Xu Qi.The diagnostic features of degraded ecosystem and index systems for degradation evaluation[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,1999,8(2):215-220
18冯海云,何利平,常华,等.滨海新区湿地生态系统退化程度诊断分析[J].环境科学与管理,2010,35(9):99-104Feng Haiyun,He Liping,Chang Hua,et al.Diagnosis of the ecosyetem degradation degree of the wetlands in Binhai new aera[J].Environmental Science and Management,2010,35(9):99-104
19申陆,田美荣,高吉喜,等.浑善达克沙漠化防治生态功能区防风固沙功能的时空变化及驱动力[J].应用生态学报,2016,27(1):73-82Shen Lu,Tian Meirong,Gao Jixi,et al.Spatio-temporal change of sand-fixing function and its driving forces in desertification control ecological function area of Hunshandake,China[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2016,27(1):73-82
20 Shangguan W,Dai Y J,Liu B Y,et al.A soil particle-size distribution dataset for regional land and climate modelling in China[J].Geoderma,2012,171-172:85-91
21李青丰,胡春元,王明玖.浑善达克地区生态环境劣化原因分析及治理对策[J].干旱区资源与环境,2001,15(3):9-16Li Qingfeng,Hu Chunyuan,Wang Mingjiu.Analysis on the causes of eco-environmental deterioration in Hunshandake sandy land region and countermeasures[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2001,15(3):9-16
22白美兰,郝润全.气候变化对浑善达克沙地生态环境演变的影响[J].中国沙漠,2006,26(3):484-488Bai Meilan,Hao Runquan.Impact of climatic variation on ecological environmental evolution in Hunshandake sand land[J].Journal of Desert Research,2006,26(3):484-488
23陈佳楠,邓芳,乌恩图,等.浑善达克典型区域沙化土地十年遥感监测分析[J].中国农学通报,2015,31(29):227-234Chen Jianan,Deng Fang,Wu Entu,et al.10 years remote sensing monitoring analysis of desertification land of representative region in Hunshandake[J].Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2015,31(29):227-234
24严恩萍,林辉,党永峰,等.2000-2012年京津风沙源治理区植被覆盖时空演变特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(17):5007-5020Yan Enping,Lin Hui,Dang Yongfeng,et al.The spatiotemporal changes of vegetation cover in Beijing-Tianjin sandstorm source control region during 2000-2012[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(17):5007-5020
25张华,李锋瑞,张铜会,等.科尔沁沙地人工杨树林生态服务效能评价[J].应用生态学报,2003,14(10):1591-1596Zhang Hua,Li Fengrui,Zhang Tonghui,et al.Evaluation of ecological service of populus simonii forest Heerqin sandy land[J].Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2003,14(10):1591-1596
26杜富林.浑善达克沙地草地放牧制度和特殊经营管理行为的研究[J].中国草地学报,2008,30(6):106-109Du Fulin.Researches on grazing systems and special management behavior in Hunshandake sandy rangeland area[J].Chinese Journal of Grassland,2008,30(6):106-109
27王光美,蒋高明,彭羽,等.基于社区发展的生物多样性保护策略-以浑善达克沙地生态恢复为例[J].生态学报,2005,25(6):1459-1465Wang Guangmei,Jiang Gaoming,Peng Yu,et al.Communitybased conservation strategy:A case study of degrade ecosystem restoration in Hunshandak sand land[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2005,25(6):1459-1465