湖北省蔬菜废弃物资源量估算与分布特征
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摘要
通过文献整理和数据分析,对湖北省蔬菜废弃物资源量进行评估,并研究其分布特征。结果表明:2017年湖北省蔬菜废弃物资源量为206万t,其中有机质164万t,氮、磷、钾养分量分别为5.12万、2.79万、5.74万t,占全省化肥用量的4.08%。武汉市蔬菜废弃物资源量最高,占全省的19.36%。湖北省各地市单位面积蔬菜废弃物资源量平均为1 666kg·hm~(-2),其中有机质和氮、磷、钾总养分平均量分别为1 334 kg·hm~(-2)和126 kg·hm~(-2)。全省地市单位面积蔬菜废弃物资源量以仙桃市和鄂西南较低,其次是鄂东南和鄂西北,湖北中部包括江汉平原分布最高。湖北省24个蔬菜监测县市蔬菜废弃物资源量平均为4.22万t,其中江夏区、黄陂区、新洲区和嘉鱼县较高,有机质和氮、磷、钾总养分平均量分别达到了3.38万t和3 180 t。全省各县市单位面积蔬菜废弃物资源量以枣阳市最高,宣恩县和咸丰县较低。不同种类蔬菜废弃物资源量差异较大,为2.71万～47.32万t,其中根茎类蔬菜最高,其次是甘蓝类和豆类。
This paper evaluated the vegetable waste resources of Hubei Province through literature arrangement and data analysis;and studied the distribution characteristics.The results showed that the total quantity of vegetable waste resources in 2017 was 2 060 000 t,including 1 640 000 t organic matter,51 200 t N,27 900 t P,and 57 400 t K,accounting for 4.08% of the total quantity of chemical fertilizer in the province.The vegetable waste resources quantity from Wuhan was the highest,accounting for 19.36% of the province.The average quantity of vegetable waste resources from 17 cities of the province reached 1 666 kg·hm~(-2),among them the average organic matter and total N,P,K nutrients quantities were 1 334 kg·hm~(-2) and 126 kg·hm~(-2),respectively.Xiantao City and Southwestern Hubei had the lowest quantity of vegetable waste resources per unit area,followed by the Southeastern and Northwestern Hubei.Vegetable waste distribution in central part of Hubei,including the Jianghan Plain was the highest.There were 24 vegetable monitoring points and averagely 42 200 t vegetable waste in Hubei Province.The vegetable waste quantities in Jiangxia,Huangpi,Xinzhou Districts and Jiayu County were bigger.The average quantities of organic matter and N,P,K nutrients reached 33 800 t and 3 180 t,respectively.The vegetable waste quantities per unit area in Zaoyang City was the highest,and that in Xuan'en and Xianfeng Counties were lower among all cities and counties of the province.There were big differences in vegetable waste quantity of different vegetable types-about 27 100-473 200 t.Among them,quantity of root vegetables was the highest,followed by cabbage vegetables and legumes.
This paper evaluated the vegetable waste resources of Hubei Province through literature arrangement and data analysis;and studied the distribution characteristics.The results showed that the total quantity of vegetable waste resources in 2017 was 2 060 000 t,including 1 640 000 t organic matter,51 200 t N,27 900 t P,and 57 400 t K,accounting for 4.08% of the total quantity of chemical fertilizer in the province.The vegetable waste resources quantity from Wuhan was the highest,accounting for 19.36% of the province.The average quantity of vegetable waste resources from 17 cities of the province reached 1 666 kg·hm~(-2),among them the average organic matter and total N,P,K nutrients quantities were 1 334 kg·hm~(-2) and 126 kg·hm~(-2),respectively.Xiantao City and Southwestern Hubei had the lowest quantity of vegetable waste resources per unit area,followed by the Southeastern and Northwestern Hubei.Vegetable waste distribution in central part of Hubei,including the Jianghan Plain was the highest.There were 24 vegetable monitoring points and averagely 42 200 t vegetable waste in Hubei Province.The vegetable waste quantities in Jiangxia,Huangpi,Xinzhou Districts and Jiayu County were bigger.The average quantities of organic matter and N,P,K nutrients reached 33 800 t and 3 180 t,respectively.The vegetable waste quantities per unit area in Zaoyang City was the highest,and that in Xuan'en and Xianfeng Counties were lower among all cities and counties of the province.There were big differences in vegetable waste quantity of different vegetable types-about 27 100-473 200 t.Among them,quantity of root vegetables was the highest,followed by cabbage vegetables and legumes.
引文
蔡军.2015.茄果类蔬菜废弃物资源养分研究.北方园艺,(7):20-23.
蔡亚庆,仇焕广,徐志刚.2011.中国各区域秸秆资源可能源化利用的潜力分析.自然资源学报,26(10):1637-1646.
杜鹏祥,韩雪,高杰云,陈清,李彦明.2015.我国蔬菜废弃物资源化高效利用潜力分析.中国蔬菜,(7):15-20.
樊治成,郭洪芸,张曙东,王秀峰,2005.大蒜不同品种干物质生产与氮、磷、钾和硫的吸收特性.植物营养与肥料学报,11(2):248-253.
韩雪,常瑞雪,杜鹏祥,李季,李彦明.2015.不同蔬菜种类的产废比例及性状分析.农业资源与环境学报,32(4):377-382.
黄秉信.2017.中国农村统计年鉴2017.北京:中国统计出版社.
黄鼎曦,陆文静,王洪涛.2002.农业蔬菜废物处理方法研究进展和探讨.环境工程学报,3(11):38-42.
刘冬碧,熊桂云,范先鹏,杨利,巴瑞先,张富林,余延峰.2011.莲藕干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配研究.植物科学学报,29(1):124-129.
孙振钧,孙永明.2006.我国农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质能源利用的现状与发展.中国农业科技导报,8(1):6-13.
王丽英,吴硕,张彦才,李若楠,陈丽莉.2014.蔬菜废弃物堆肥化处理研究进展.中国蔬菜,(6):6-12.
席旭东,晋小军,张俊科.2010.蔬菜废弃物快速堆肥方法研究.中国土壤与肥料,(3):62-66.
朱建春,李荣华,杨香云,张增强,樊志民.2012.近30年来中国农作物秸秆资源量的时空分布.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,40(4):139-145.
Lu W J,Wang H T,Nie Y F,Wang Z C,Huang D Y,Qiu X F,Chen J C.2004.Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with lingo-cellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process.Journal of Environmental Science and Health,39:871-887.
蔡亚庆,仇焕广,徐志刚.2011.中国各区域秸秆资源可能源化利用的潜力分析.自然资源学报,26(10):1637-1646.
杜鹏祥,韩雪,高杰云,陈清,李彦明.2015.我国蔬菜废弃物资源化高效利用潜力分析.中国蔬菜,(7):15-20.
樊治成,郭洪芸,张曙东,王秀峰,2005.大蒜不同品种干物质生产与氮、磷、钾和硫的吸收特性.植物营养与肥料学报,11(2):248-253.
韩雪,常瑞雪,杜鹏祥,李季,李彦明.2015.不同蔬菜种类的产废比例及性状分析.农业资源与环境学报,32(4):377-382.
黄秉信.2017.中国农村统计年鉴2017.北京:中国统计出版社.
黄鼎曦,陆文静,王洪涛.2002.农业蔬菜废物处理方法研究进展和探讨.环境工程学报,3(11):38-42.
刘冬碧,熊桂云,范先鹏,杨利,巴瑞先,张富林,余延峰.2011.莲藕干物质和氮磷钾养分的累积与分配研究.植物科学学报,29(1):124-129.
孙振钧,孙永明.2006.我国农业废弃物资源化与农村生物质能源利用的现状与发展.中国农业科技导报,8(1):6-13.
王丽英,吴硕,张彦才,李若楠,陈丽莉.2014.蔬菜废弃物堆肥化处理研究进展.中国蔬菜,(6):6-12.
席旭东,晋小军,张俊科.2010.蔬菜废弃物快速堆肥方法研究.中国土壤与肥料,(3):62-66.
朱建春,李荣华,杨香云,张增强,樊志民.2012.近30年来中国农作物秸秆资源量的时空分布.西北农林科技大学学报:自然科学版,40(4):139-145.
Lu W J,Wang H T,Nie Y F,Wang Z C,Huang D Y,Qiu X F,Chen J C.2004.Effect of inoculating flower stalks and vegetable waste with lingo-cellulolytic microorganisms on the composting process.Journal of Environmental Science and Health,39:871-887.