不同林分密度油松天然林土壤理化性质及微生物量碳氮特征研究
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摘要
为应对天然林退化和天然林生态系统的经营问题,探究以林分密度为调节因子的森林土壤响应,在关帝山林区油松(Pinus tabulaeformis)天然林区开展探索研究,通过样地调查及土壤采样分析,对不同林分密度(725-1 375 plant·hm~(-2))森林土壤理化性质及微生物碳氮特征规律进行分析研究,探明土壤属性对林分密度变化的响应机制,为森林质量精准提升及森林生态系统可持续经营提供理论依据。结果表明,(1)林分密度的变化间接影响土壤含水量(18.27%-34.27%)、容重(0.87-1.10 g·cm~(-3))、pH(6.86-7.13),总碳(15.26-29.44 g·kg~(-1))、全氮(0.92-2.14 g·kg~(-1))、全磷(0.20-0.30 g·kg~(-1))、微生物量碳(760.56-1 808.73mg·kg~(-1))、微生物量氮含量(134.84-257.59mg·kg~(-1)),除容重、pH值、全磷含量外,其他指标现随密度变化均呈先增后减的变化规律。(2)土壤属性指标垂直分布规律:土壤含水量、总碳、全氮、全磷、微生物量碳、微生物量氮含量随土层深度增加而下降,土壤容重和pH值却呈相反趋势;林分密度不改变总体格局,但随林分密度的变化,土壤垂直分异程度在中密度林分中(975-1 175 plant·hm~(-2))最小,更为均一稳定。(3)当油松天然林林分密度适中时,0-30cm深度的土壤水分、总碳、全氮、全磷、微生物量碳、微生物量氮含量保持在较高水平。综上,认为研究地区油松天然林适宜的保留密度为975-1 175 plant·hm~(-2)。
To cope with degeneration of natural forests and management problems of natural forest ecological system and explore forest soil response with stand density as regulatory factor, an exploratory research was carried out in natural Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Guandi Mountain Forest Region. Through sample area investigation and soil sampling analysis, soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in natural forests with different stand densities(725-1 375 plant·hm~(-2)) were analyzed, so as to explore the response mechanism of soil properties to stand density changes, and to provide theoretical basis for the precise improvement of forest quality and sustainable development of forest ecological system. The results showed that:(1) The change in stand density indirectly influenced the water content(18.27%-34.27%), bulk density(0.87-1.10 g·cm~(-3)), pH(6.86-7.13),total carbon(15.26-29.44 g·kg~(-1)), total nitrogen(0.92-2.14 g·kg~(-1)), total phosphorus(0.20-0.30 g·kg~(-1)), microbial biomass carbon(760.56-1 808.73 mg·kg~(-1)) and microbial biomass nitrogen(134.84-257.59 mg·kg~(-1)) in soil; except bulk density, p H and total phosphorus, other indexes presented a changing rule of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with density variation.(2) The vertical distribution law of soil property indexes was that the water content, total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of soil depth, while soil bulk density and pH value showed an opposite trend. The stand density did not change the overall layout, when the stand density wasmoderate(975-1 175 plant·hm~(-2)), the degree of vertical soil differentiation was minimal, which was more uniform and stable. And(3) when the stand density of natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest was moderate, the water content, total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus,microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in soil at a depth of 0-30 cm remained relatively high. Sum up, the suitable density of natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest was 975-1 175 plant·hm~(-2).
To cope with degeneration of natural forests and management problems of natural forest ecological system and explore forest soil response with stand density as regulatory factor, an exploratory research was carried out in natural Pinus tabulaeformis forests in Guandi Mountain Forest Region. Through sample area investigation and soil sampling analysis, soil physicochemical properties and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen in natural forests with different stand densities(725-1 375 plant·hm~(-2)) were analyzed, so as to explore the response mechanism of soil properties to stand density changes, and to provide theoretical basis for the precise improvement of forest quality and sustainable development of forest ecological system. The results showed that:(1) The change in stand density indirectly influenced the water content(18.27%-34.27%), bulk density(0.87-1.10 g·cm~(-3)), pH(6.86-7.13),total carbon(15.26-29.44 g·kg~(-1)), total nitrogen(0.92-2.14 g·kg~(-1)), total phosphorus(0.20-0.30 g·kg~(-1)), microbial biomass carbon(760.56-1 808.73 mg·kg~(-1)) and microbial biomass nitrogen(134.84-257.59 mg·kg~(-1)) in soil; except bulk density, p H and total phosphorus, other indexes presented a changing rule of increasing firstly and then decreasing along with density variation.(2) The vertical distribution law of soil property indexes was that the water content, total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in soil decreased with the increase of soil depth, while soil bulk density and pH value showed an opposite trend. The stand density did not change the overall layout, when the stand density wasmoderate(975-1 175 plant·hm~(-2)), the degree of vertical soil differentiation was minimal, which was more uniform and stable. And(3) when the stand density of natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest was moderate, the water content, total carbon, total nitrogen, total phosphorus,microbial biomass carbon and microbial biomass nitrogen in soil at a depth of 0-30 cm remained relatively high. Sum up, the suitable density of natural Pinus tabulaeformis forest was 975-1 175 plant·hm~(-2).
引文
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邓小军,曹继钊,宋贤冲,等,2014.猫儿山自然保护区3种森林类型土壤养分垂直分布特征[J].生态科学,33(6):1129-1134.DENG X J,CAO J Z,SONG X C,et al.,2014.Vertical distribution characteristics of three forest types’soil properties on Mao’er Mountain Biosphere Reserve[J].Ecological Science,33(6):1129-1134.
丁继伟,张芸香,郭跃东,等,2018.华北落叶松天然林密度对林下植被物种组成和多样性的影响研究[J].西北林学院学报,33(4):10-16.DING J W,ZHANG Y X,GUO Y D,et al.,2018.Influences of the density on understory species composition and diversity of Larix principis-rupprechtii natural forest[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,33(4):10-16.
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范少辉,赵建诚,苏文会,等,2015.不同密度毛竹林土壤质量综合评价[J].林业科学,51(10):1-9.FAN S H,ZHAO J C,SU W H,et al.,2015.Comprehensive evaluation of soil quality in Phyllostachys edulis stands of different stocking stocking densities[J].Scientia Silvae Sinicae,51(10):1-9.
冯宜明,李毅,曹秀文,等,2018.甘肃亚高山云杉人工林土壤特性及水源涵养功能对林分密度的响应特征[J].自然资源学报,33(9):1529-1541.FENG Y M,LI Y,CAO X W,et al.,2018.Effects of stand density on soil properties and water conservation function of Picea asperata plantation in the subalpine region of Gansu Province[J].Journal of Natural Resources,33(9):1529-1541.
高述超,田大伦,闫文德,等,2010.长沙城市森林土壤理化性质及碳贮量特征[J].中南林业科技大学学报,30(9):16-22.GAO S C,TIAN D L,YAN W D,et al.,2010.Characteristics of soil physicochem ical property and its carbon storage in urban forest plantation of Changsha city[J].Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,30(9):16-22.
韩恩贤,韩刚,薄颖生,2007.黄土高原油松、侧柏与沙棘人工混交林生长及土壤特性研究[J].西北林学院学报,22(3):100-104.HAN E X,HAN G,BO Y S,2007.Studies on the growth and soil properties of Pinus tabulaeformis,Platycladus orientalis and Hippophae rhamnoides mixed plantation on Loess Plateau[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,22(3):100-104.
贺志龙,张芸香,郭跃东,等,2017.不同密度华北落叶松林天然林土壤养分特征研究[J].生态环境学报,26(1):43-48.HE Z L,ZHANG Y X,GUO Y D,et al.,2017.Soil nutrient characteristics of natural Larix principis-rupprechtii in different stand density[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,26(1):43-48.
侯瑞萍,张克斌,郝智如,2015.造林密度对樟子松人工林枯落物和土壤持水能力的影响[J].生态环境学报,24(4):624-630.HOU R P,ZHANG K B,HAO Z R,2015.Effects of different afforestation densities of Pinus sylvesiris var.mongolica on the water-holding capacity of forest litter and soil[J].Ecology and Environmental Sciences,24(4):624-630.
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