小黑山岛人工鱼礁区许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼的营养生态位研究
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摘要
以小黑山岛人工鱼礁区的2种典型恋礁鱼类——许氏平鲉(Sebastes schlegelii)和大泷六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)为研究对象,利用碳、氮稳定同位素技术分析了其在2016年春秋两季的生态位重叠及宽幅变化情况。许氏平鲉的δ~(13)C值在春季显著大于大泷六线鱼,而在秋季则无明显差异;δ~(15)N值在春秋两季均显著大于大泷六线鱼。频率分布方面,许氏平鲉的δ~(13)C值频率分布范围始终大于大泷六线鱼,而其δ~(15)N值频率分布的季节变动幅度小于大泷六线鱼,表明许氏平鲉具有更广泛的食物来源、占据较为稳定的营养级层次,大泷六线鱼则具有明显的摄食选择性且所居营养级层次波动剧烈。此外,许氏平鲉与大泷六线鱼仅在秋季出现营养生态位的重叠,表明在人工鱼礁区群落中许氏平鲉与大泷六线鱼之间存在种间食物竞争;而许氏平鲉春秋两季的营养生态位宽幅均大于大泷六线鱼,说明许氏平鲉较大泷六线鱼对食物资源的利用和竞争能力更强。
This study analyzed the niche overlap and wide variation between two typical reef fish species, Sebastes schlegelii and Hexagrammos otakii, from an artificial reef area of Xiaoheishan Island, during spring and autumn. The δ~(13)C value of S. schlegelii was significantly higher than that of H. otakii in spring, while there was no difference between the two species in autumn. Moreover, the δ~(15)N value of S. schlegelii was significantly greater than that of H. otakii in both spring and autumn. The frequency distribution of S. schlegelii δ~(13)C values was always greater than that of H. otakii, while the seasonal variation of the δ~(15)N frequency distribution was less than that of H. otakii. We concluded that S. schlegelii utilized a wide range of food sources and occupied a stable trophic level, while H. otakii had a narrower preference for food, and the trophic level it occupied fluctuates dramatically. In addition, there was an overlap of trophic niches between the two species only in autumn, while at other times S. schlegelii had a higher and wider trophic niche than H. otakii. In conclusion, we found there was interspecific competition between S. schlegelii and H. otakii in the artificial reef community, and S. schlegelii had a superior ability to utilize food resources.
This study analyzed the niche overlap and wide variation between two typical reef fish species, Sebastes schlegelii and Hexagrammos otakii, from an artificial reef area of Xiaoheishan Island, during spring and autumn. The δ~(13)C value of S. schlegelii was significantly higher than that of H. otakii in spring, while there was no difference between the two species in autumn. Moreover, the δ~(15)N value of S. schlegelii was significantly greater than that of H. otakii in both spring and autumn. The frequency distribution of S. schlegelii δ~(13)C values was always greater than that of H. otakii, while the seasonal variation of the δ~(15)N frequency distribution was less than that of H. otakii. We concluded that S. schlegelii utilized a wide range of food sources and occupied a stable trophic level, while H. otakii had a narrower preference for food, and the trophic level it occupied fluctuates dramatically. In addition, there was an overlap of trophic niches between the two species only in autumn, while at other times S. schlegelii had a higher and wider trophic niche than H. otakii. In conclusion, we found there was interspecific competition between S. schlegelii and H. otakii in the artificial reef community, and S. schlegelii had a superior ability to utilize food resources.
引文
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[20] 纪东平,卞晓东,宋娜,高天翔.荣成俚岛大泷六线鱼摄食生态研究.水产学报,2014,38(9):1399- 1409.
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[22] 刘洪亮,唐永政,于永强,李雪萌,张全胜.山东小黑山岛海萝生物量和长度的时空变化及影响因素.应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3259- 3264.
[23] Xu J,Zhang M,Xie P.Stable isotope changes in freshwater shrimps (Exopalaemon modestus and Macrobrachium nipponensis):trophic pattern implications.Hydrobiologia,2008,605(1):45- 54.
[24] 徐军,周琼,温周瑞,谢平.群落水平食物网能流季节演替特征.生态学报,2013,33(15):4658- 4664.
[25] 邓景耀,孟田湘,任胜民.渤海鱼类食物关系的初步研究.生态学报,1986,6(4):356- 364.
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[27] 张波,唐启升.渤、黄、东海高营养层次重要生物资源种类的营养级研究.海洋科学进展,2004,22(4):393- 404.
[28] 张波.渤海鱼类的食物关系.渔业科学进展,2018,39(3):11- 22.
[29] 张波,李忠义,金显仕.渤海鱼类群落功能群及其主要种类.水产学报,2012,36(1):64- 72.
[30] 童玉和,郭学武.两种岩礁鱼类的食物竞争实验.中国水产科学,2009,16(4):541- 549.
[31] 沙永翠,张培育,张欢,苏国欢,徐军.栖息地环境对种群营养生态位的影响——以黄颡鱼为例.生态学报,2015,35(5):1321- 1328.
[32] 刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,张英俊,宛新荣,郝树广.内蒙古典型草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位研究——以羊草群落为例.草业学报,2013,22(1):103- 111.
[33] 刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,韩建国,宛新荣,郝树广.内蒙古荒漠草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位.生态学报,2013,33(3):856- 866.
[34] 张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.人工鱼礁模型对大泷六线鱼和许氏平鲉幼鱼个体的诱集效果.大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):13- 19.
[35] 刘鸿雁,吕洪斌,张沛东,李文涛,张秀梅.人工鱼礁模型和大型海藻对许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼幼鱼的诱集作用.水产学报,2018,42(1):48- 59.
[36] Bohnsack J A,Sutherland D L.Artificial reef research:a review with recommendations for future priorities.Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37(1):11- 39.
[37] 郭彪,于莹,张博伦,房恩军,高燕.天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁区游泳动物群落特征变化.海洋渔业,2015,37(5):409- 418.
[38] 张迎秋.前三岛海域底层鱼类群落结构、摄食生态和运动行为特征[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2015.
[2] 陶峰,贾晓平,陈丕茂,唐振朝,余景,王宏.人工鱼礁礁体设计的研究进展.南方水产,2008(03):64- 69.
[3] 夏章英.人工鱼礁工程学.北京:海洋出版社,2011.
[4] Sherman R L,Gilliam D S,Spieler R E.Artificial reef design:void space,complexity,and attractants.ICES Journal of Marine Science,2002,59(S1):S196-S200.
[5] Relini G,Relini M,Palandri G,Merello S,Beccornia E.History,ecology and trends for artificial reefs of the Ligurian sea,Italy.Hydrobiologia,2007,580(1):193- 217.
[6] Santos M N,Monteiro C C.A fourteen-year overview of the fish assemblages and yield of the two oldest Algarve artificial reefs (southern Portugal).Hydrobiologia,2007,580(1):225- 231.
[7] Da Rocha D F,Franco M A L,Gatts P V,Zalmon I R.The effect of an artificial reef system on the transient fish assemblages-south-eastern coast of Brazil.Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom,2015,95(3):635- 646.
[8] DeWalt S J.Community ecology by Gary G.Mittelbach.The Quarterly Review of Biology,2013,88(3):237- 238.
[9] 李德志,石强,臧润国,王绪平,盛丽娟,朱志玲,王长爱.物种或种群生态位宽度与生态位重叠的计测模型.林业科学,2006,42(7):95- 103.
[10] Newsome S D,del Rio C M,Bearhop S,Phillips D L.A niche for isotopic ecology.Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment,2007,5(8):429- 436.
[11] 韩东燕,薛莹,纪毓鹏,徐宾铎,刘贺,麻秋云.胶州湾5种虾虎鱼类的营养和空间生态位.中国水产科学,2013,20(1):148- 156.
[12] 张欢,谢平,吴功果,张欢,张培育,徐军.日本沼虾与秀丽白虾的营养生态位.环境科学研究,2013,26(1):22- 26.
[13] 姜亚洲,林楠,袁兴伟,凌建忠,李圣法.基于碳、氮稳定同位素技术研究象山港虾虎鱼类营养生态位.生态学杂志,2015,34(6):1579- 1585.
[14] 刘静,陈咏霞,马琳.黄渤海鱼类图志.北京:科学出版社,2015.
[15] 屈佩.南黄海微微型浮游生物时空分布及主要影响因素研究——基于流式细胞技术[D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2013.
[16] 《中国海岛志》编纂委员会.中国海岛志(山东卷第一册).北京:海洋出版社,2013.
[17] Bearhop S,Adams C E,Waldron S,Fuller R A,MacLeod H.Determining trophic niche width:a novel approach using stable isotope analysis.Journal of Animal Ecology,2004,73(5):1007- 1012.
[18] Hoeinghaus D J,Zeug S C.Can stable isotope ratios provide for community-wide measures of trophic structure?Comment.Ecology,2008,89(8):2353- 2357.
[19] 张波,李忠义,金显仕.许氏平鲉的食物组成及其食物选择性.中国水产科学,2014,21(1):134- 141.
[20] 纪东平,卞晓东,宋娜,高天翔.荣成俚岛大泷六线鱼摄食生态研究.水产学报,2014,38(9):1399- 1409.
[21] Zhang Z P,Tang X X,Tang H T,Song J J,Zhou J,Liu H J,Wang Q X.Seasonal variations in the phytoplankton community and the relationship between environmental factors of the sea around Xiaoheishan Island in China.Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology,2017,35(1):163- 173.
[22] 刘洪亮,唐永政,于永强,李雪萌,张全胜.山东小黑山岛海萝生物量和长度的时空变化及影响因素.应用生态学报,2013,24(11):3259- 3264.
[23] Xu J,Zhang M,Xie P.Stable isotope changes in freshwater shrimps (Exopalaemon modestus and Macrobrachium nipponensis):trophic pattern implications.Hydrobiologia,2008,605(1):45- 54.
[24] 徐军,周琼,温周瑞,谢平.群落水平食物网能流季节演替特征.生态学报,2013,33(15):4658- 4664.
[25] 邓景耀,孟田湘,任胜民.渤海鱼类食物关系的初步研究.生态学报,1986,6(4):356- 364.
[26] 邓景耀,姜卫民,杨纪明,李军.渤海主要生物种间关系及食物网的研究.中国水产科学,1997,4(4):1- 7.
[27] 张波,唐启升.渤、黄、东海高营养层次重要生物资源种类的营养级研究.海洋科学进展,2004,22(4):393- 404.
[28] 张波.渤海鱼类的食物关系.渔业科学进展,2018,39(3):11- 22.
[29] 张波,李忠义,金显仕.渤海鱼类群落功能群及其主要种类.水产学报,2012,36(1):64- 72.
[30] 童玉和,郭学武.两种岩礁鱼类的食物竞争实验.中国水产科学,2009,16(4):541- 549.
[31] 沙永翠,张培育,张欢,苏国欢,徐军.栖息地环境对种群营养生态位的影响——以黄颡鱼为例.生态学报,2015,35(5):1321- 1328.
[32] 刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,张英俊,宛新荣,郝树广.内蒙古典型草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位研究——以羊草群落为例.草业学报,2013,22(1):103- 111.
[33] 刘贵河,王国杰,汪诗平,韩建国,宛新荣,郝树广.内蒙古荒漠草原主要草食动物食性及其营养生态位.生态学报,2013,33(3):856- 866.
[34] 张硕,孙满昌,陈勇.人工鱼礁模型对大泷六线鱼和许氏平鲉幼鱼个体的诱集效果.大连水产学院学报,2008,23(1):13- 19.
[35] 刘鸿雁,吕洪斌,张沛东,李文涛,张秀梅.人工鱼礁模型和大型海藻对许氏平鲉和大泷六线鱼幼鱼的诱集作用.水产学报,2018,42(1):48- 59.
[36] Bohnsack J A,Sutherland D L.Artificial reef research:a review with recommendations for future priorities.Bulletin of Marine Science,1985,37(1):11- 39.
[37] 郭彪,于莹,张博伦,房恩军,高燕.天津大神堂海域人工鱼礁区游泳动物群落特征变化.海洋渔业,2015,37(5):409- 418.
[38] 张迎秋.前三岛海域底层鱼类群落结构、摄食生态和运动行为特征[D].青岛:中国科学院研究生院(海洋研究所),2015.