环保投资占比最优化:基于生态效率的考量
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摘要
将生态效率作为综合衡量环保投资效益的指标,利用中国2003～2015年30个省(区、市)的数据,研究生态效率与环保投资的双向影响关系,并估算环保投资占比的最优区间.结果表明:(1)2003～2015年,全国平均生态效率整体呈略微下降趋势,由0.79下降至0.69.(2)环保投资占比对生态效率构成倒"N"型影响,经历"降低—提升—抑制"3个阶段.根据所获数据进行计算和推测,当环保投资占比处于0～1.50%时,环保投资不能有效防止生态效率下降;占比处于1.50%～3.30%时,环保投资能显著提升生态效率,至3.30%时达到最大值;占比大于3.30%时,过多的环保投资投入反而使生态效率下降.(3)省际生态效率具有空间溢出效应,省级政府环保投资策略具有协同性.
The eco-efficiency was used as an indicator to comprehensively measure the benefits of environmental protection investment in this study. The data of 30 Chinese provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) was from 2003 to 2015. The bidirectional impact relationship between eco-efficiency and environmental protection investment was investigated in this study. The optimal ratio of environmental protection investment was evaluated in the present study. Results indicated,(1) the national average eco-efficiency showed a slightly downward trend from 2003 to 2015, which was down from 0.79 to 0.69.(2) The ratio of environmental protection investment had inverted N-shaped impact on eco-efficiency and experienced three stages of declining, rising and restraining. Similarly, the calculation and speculation of data indicated that the environmental protection investment could not prevent eco-efficiency to decline with 0 to 1.50% ratio of investment. The environmental protection investment could significantly improve eco-efficiency when the ratio varied from 1.50% to 3.30%. It reached the maximum level with the 3.30% of investment ratio. On the other hand, when the ratio exceeded the limit, eco-efficiency declined instead.(3)The eco-efficiency of provincial regions had characteristic of spatial spillover and the environmental protection investment strategy of provincial government promoted cooperation among provinces.
The eco-efficiency was used as an indicator to comprehensively measure the benefits of environmental protection investment in this study. The data of 30 Chinese provinces(autonomous regions and municipalities) was from 2003 to 2015. The bidirectional impact relationship between eco-efficiency and environmental protection investment was investigated in this study. The optimal ratio of environmental protection investment was evaluated in the present study. Results indicated,(1) the national average eco-efficiency showed a slightly downward trend from 2003 to 2015, which was down from 0.79 to 0.69.(2) The ratio of environmental protection investment had inverted N-shaped impact on eco-efficiency and experienced three stages of declining, rising and restraining. Similarly, the calculation and speculation of data indicated that the environmental protection investment could not prevent eco-efficiency to decline with 0 to 1.50% ratio of investment. The environmental protection investment could significantly improve eco-efficiency when the ratio varied from 1.50% to 3.30%. It reached the maximum level with the 3.30% of investment ratio. On the other hand, when the ratio exceeded the limit, eco-efficiency declined instead.(3)The eco-efficiency of provincial regions had characteristic of spatial spillover and the environmental protection investment strategy of provincial government promoted cooperation among provinces.
引文
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[2]徐辉,刘继红,张大伟,等.中国经济增长中的环保投资贡献的实证分析[J].统计与决策, 2012,(13):126-129. XU H, Liu J H, Zzhang D W. Empirical analysis on contribution of environmental protection investment in China's economic growth[J].Statistics and Decision, 2012,(13):126-129.
[3]张伟,蒋洪强,王金南,等.“十一五”时期环保投入的宏观经济影响[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2015,25(1):9-16.Zhang W, Jiang H Q, Wang J N. Economic and social impacts of environmental protection costs during the 11th Five-Years Plan[J].China Population, Resources and Environment, 2015,25(1):9-16
[4]孙红梅,赵正丽.经济转型与环保投资相关性的实证研究——基于面板向量自回归模型和空间面板模型的实证分析[J].山西财经大学学报, 2016,38(12):16-28.Sun H M, Zhao Z L. Research on the relationship between economic restructure and environment protection investment—the empirical analysis based on panel data vector auto-regression(PVAR)model and spatial panel models[J]. Journal of Shanxi University of Finance and Economics, 2016,38(12):16-28.
[5]张可,汪东芳,周海燕.地区间环保投入与污染排放的内生策略互动[J].中国工业经济, 2016,(2):68-82.Zhang K, Wang D F, Zhou H Y. Regional endogenetic strategic interaction of environmental protection investment and emission[J].China Industrial Economics, 2016(2):68-82.
[6]高明,黄清煌.环保投资与工业污染减排关系的进一步检验——基于治理投资结构的门槛效应分析[J].经济管理, 2015,(2):167-177.Gao M, Huang Q H. Further inspection towards the relationship between environmental protection investment and industrial pollution reduction—threshold effect analysis based on governing investment structure[J]. Economic Management, 2015(2):167-177.
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[9]顾程亮,李宗尧,成祥东.财政节能环保投入对区域生态效率影响的实证检验[J].统计与决策, 2016,(19):109-113.Gu C L, Li Z R, Cheng X D. Empirical test on the impact of fiscal energy conservation and environmental protection input on regional ecological efficiency[J]. Statistics and Decision, 2016,(19):109-113.
[10]李胜兰,初善冰,申晨.地方政府竞争、环境规制与区域生态效率[J].世界经济, 2014,(4):88-110.Li S L, Chu S B, Shen C. Local government competition,environmental regulation and regional eco-efficiency[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2014,(4):88-110.
[11]张子龙,王开泳,陈兴鹏.中国生态效率演变与环境规制的关系——基于SBM模型和省际面板数据估计[J].经济经纬, 2015,32(3):126-131.Zhang Z L, Wang K Y, Chen X P. Relationship between China ecological efficiency and environmental regulation—based on SBM model and provincial panel data[J]. Economic Survey, 2015,32(3):126-131.
[12]任海军,姚银环.资源依赖视角下环境规制对生态效率的影响分析——基于SBM超效率模型[J].软科学, 2016,30(6):35-38.Ren H J, Yao Y H. Effects of environmental regulation on eco-efficiency from the perspective of resource dependence—based on super efficiency SBM model[J]. Soft Science, 2016,30(6):35-38.
[13]罗能生,王玉泽.财政分权、环境规制与区域生态效率——基于动态空间杜宾模型的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2017,27(4):110-118.Luo N S, Wang Y Z. Fiscal decentralization, environmental regulation and regional eco-efficiency:based on the dynamic spatial Durbin model[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2017,27(4):110-118.
[14]赵玉民,朱方明,贺立龙.环境规制的界定、分类与演进研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2009,19(6):85-90.Zhao Y M, Zhu F M, He L L. Definition, Classification and Evolution of Environmental Regulations[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2009,19(6):85-90.
[15]张成,陆旸,郭路,等.环境规制强度和生产技术进步[J].经济研究, 2011,(2):113-124.Zhang C, Lu Y, Guo L, et al. The intensity of environmental regulation and technological progress of production[J]. Economic Research Journal, 2011(2):113-124.
[16]苏明,刘军民,张洁.促进环境保护的公共财政政策研究[J].财政研究, 2008,(7):20-33.Su M, Liu J M, Zhang J. Research on fiscal policy for promoting environmental protection[J]. Public Finance Research, 2008,(7):20-33.
[17]李金昌.为什么提出“百分之一点五”——谈我国环保投资比例问题[J].中国环境管理, 1985,(6):8-9.Li J C. Why"one point five percent"is put forward—on the proportion of investment in environmental protection in China[J].China Environmental Management, 1985,(6):8-9.
[18]肖欣荣,廖朴.政府最优污染治理投入研究[J].世界经济,2014,(1):106-119.Xiao X R, Liao P. Study on government's optimum investment in pollution control[J]. The Journal of World Economy, 2014,(1):106-119.
[19]闻岳春,吴英姿.基于DEA模型的环保投资综合效率的实证分析[J].同济大学学报(社会科学版), 2012,23(1):111-115.Wen Y C, Wu Y Z. Empirical analysis of synthetical efficiency of environmental protection investment based on DEA model[J]. Journal of Tongji University(Social Science Section), 2012,23(1):111-115.
[20]成刚.数据包络分析方法与MaxDEA软件[M].北京:知识产权出版社, 2014:23-25,149-150.Cheng G. Data envelopment analysis methods and MaxDEA software[M]. Beijing:Intellectual Property Publishing House, 2014:23-25,149-150.
[21]朱付彪,方一平,宜树华,等.江河源区高寒草地畜牧业生态效率及影响因素[J].中国环境科学, 2017,37(1):310-318.Zhu F B, Fang Y P, Yi S H, et al. Eco-efficiency of grassland-based animal husbandry and its determinants in the source regions of the Yangtze and Yellow Rivers[J]. China Environmental Science, 2017,37(1):310-318.
[22]邵明伟,钟军委,张祥建.地方政府竞争:税负水平与空间集聚的内生性研究——基于2000~2011年中国省域面板数据的空间联立方程模型[J].财经研究, 2015,41(6):58-69.Shao M W, Zhong J W, Zhang X J. Local goverments competion:the study of endogeneity between tax-burden level and spatial agglomeration:spatial simultaneous eqation model based on provincial panel data in China from 2000 to 2011[J]. Journal of Finance and Economics, 2015,41(6):58-69.
[23]陈向阳.环境库兹涅茨曲线的理论与实证研究[J].中国经济问题,2015,(3):51-62.Chen X Y. A theoretical and experimental research of the environmental kuznets curve[J]. China Economic Studies, 2015,(3):51-62.
[24]罗能生,李佳佳,罗富政.中国城镇化进程与区域生态效率关系的实证研究[J].中国人口·资源与环境, 2013,23(11):53-60.Luo N S, Li J J, Luo F Z. Empirical analysis on the relationship between the China urbanization and regional eco-efficiency[J]. China Population, Resources and Environment, 2013,23(11):53-60.
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