外源硅包衣对干旱胁迫下大豆幼苗生长的调控效应
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摘要
硅能有效促进植物健康生长,增强其抵抗多种逆境能力。为此研究以不同浓度的外源硅包衣为处理,利用蛭石和草炭土(2:1)为基质栽培大豆,通过断水方式创造干旱条件研究外源硅包衣对干旱胁迫下大豆幼苗生长的调控作用。结果表明,使用适宜浓度的外源硅包衣,能增强干旱条件下大豆幼苗的新陈代谢与渗透调节能力,进而改善其株高、茎粗、侧根条数及茎叶干物质重等形态指标。除茎粗与还原糖等指标以1.20 g·kg~(-1)的外源硅包衣最佳外,其余指标均多以1.80 g·kg~(~(-1))的外源硅包衣最佳,其中株高、侧根条数、叶干重、总糖含量及可溶性蛋白含量分别增加了20.39%、15.52%、14.51%、28.58%及23.62%。因此,综合来看,外源硅的使用浓度应在1.20～1.80 g·kg~(-1)范围内效果较优。
Silicon element could effectively promote the healthy growth of plants and enhance their ability to resist multiple stresses.Soybean seedlings were coated with different concentrations of exogenous silicon,and soybean plants were cultured with a mixture of vermiculite and peat soil (2: 1) ,the alleviative effects of exogenous silicon coating on soybean seedling growth under drought stress caused by direct stop watering were studied.The results showed that exogenous silicon coating with appropriate concentration enhanced the ability of metabolism and osmotic adjustment of soybean seedlings,then the morphological indexes such as plant height,stem diameter,number of lateral roots and dry weight of stem and leaves were improved.The stem diameter and reducing sugar content were best when seedlings were coated with 1.20 g·kg~ (-1) of exogenous silicon,and other indexes were best when seedlings were coated with 1.80 g·kg~ (-1) of exogenous silicon.The plant height,number of lateral roots,dry weight of leaves,total sugar content and soluble protein content were increased by 20.39%,15.52%,14.51%,28.58% and 23.62%,respectively.On the whole,the concentration of exogenous silicon was better in the range of 1.20 to 1.80 g·kg~ (-1) .
Silicon element could effectively promote the healthy growth of plants and enhance their ability to resist multiple stresses.Soybean seedlings were coated with different concentrations of exogenous silicon,and soybean plants were cultured with a mixture of vermiculite and peat soil (2: 1) ,the alleviative effects of exogenous silicon coating on soybean seedling growth under drought stress caused by direct stop watering were studied.The results showed that exogenous silicon coating with appropriate concentration enhanced the ability of metabolism and osmotic adjustment of soybean seedlings,then the morphological indexes such as plant height,stem diameter,number of lateral roots and dry weight of stem and leaves were improved.The stem diameter and reducing sugar content were best when seedlings were coated with 1.20 g·kg~ (-1) of exogenous silicon,and other indexes were best when seedlings were coated with 1.80 g·kg~ (-1) of exogenous silicon.The plant height,number of lateral roots,dry weight of leaves,total sugar content and soluble protein content were increased by 20.39%,15.52%,14.51%,28.58% and 23.62%,respectively.On the whole,the concentration of exogenous silicon was better in the range of 1.20 to 1.80 g·kg~ (-1) .
引文
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[12]Liang X,Fang S,Ji W,et al.The positive effects of silicon on rice seedlings under saline-alkali mixed stress[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2015,46(17):2127-2138.
[13]Shen X,Zhou Y,Duan L,et al.Silicon effects on photosynthesis and antioxidant parameters of soybean seedlings under drought and ultraviolet-B radiation[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2010,167(15):1248-1252.
[14]Adrees M,Ali S,Rizwan M,et al.Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants:a review[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,119:186-197.
[15]赵培培,于立河,赵长江.低温下硅对春小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2015,27(1):15-21.
[16]何淑平,靳亚忠,王鹏.硅对干旱胁迫下四棱豆幼苗生物量和生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):263-266.
[17]李锋锋,伍钧,唐亚,等.铅,锌及其交互作用对鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5441-5446.
[18]Mathobo R,Marais D,Steyn J M.The effect of drought stress on yield,leaf gaseous exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of dry beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,180:118-125.
[19]李君.低磷条件下乙烯对小麦幼苗根系和叶片气孔形态及可溶性糖含量的影响[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[20]Alrahman A,Shibli N M,Ereifej R A,et al.Influence of salinity on growth and physiology of in vitro grown cu cumber(Cucumis sativus L.)[J].Jordan Agric.Sci,2005(1):93-106.
[21]赵福庚,刘友良.胁迫条件下高等植物体内脯氨酸代谢及调节的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,16(5):540-546.
[22]张仟雨,李萍,宗毓铮,等.干旱对大豆生理及产量影响的研究[J].华北农学报,2016(5):140-145.
[23]Loutfy N,El-Tayeb M A,Hassanen A M,et al.Changes in the water status and osmotic solute contents in response to drought and salicylic acid treatments in four different cultivars of wheat(Triticum aestivum)[J].Journal of Plant Research,2012,125(1):173-184.
[24]高蕾.干旱胁迫对大豆幼苗生理及其显微结构的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2009.
[25]余群.干旱胁迫下硅肥对草地早熟禾苗期生长发育的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[26]丁燕芳,梁永超,朱佳,等.硅对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及光合参数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):471-478.
[27]Li H,Zhu Y,Hu Y,et al.Beneficial effects of silicon in alleviating salinity stress of tomato seedlings grown under sand culture[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2015,37(4):71.
[28]杨华庚,颜速亮,陈慧娟,等.高温胁迫下外源茉莉酸甲酯,钙和水杨酸对蝴蝶兰幼苗耐热性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(28):150-157.
[29]彭志红,彭克勤.渗透胁迫下植物脯氨酸积累的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(4):80-83.
[30]季杨,张新全,彭燕,等.干旱胁迫对鸭茅根、叶保护酶活性、渗透物质含量及膜质过氧化作用的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):144-151.
[31]焦蓉,刘好宝,刘贯山,等.论脯氨酸累积与植物抗渗透胁迫[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(7):216-221.
[32]Enteshari S,Alishavandi R,Delavar K.Interactive effects of silicon and NaCl on some physiological and biochemical parameters in Borago officinalis L[J].Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology,2011,2(1):315-320.
[33]王惠珍,喻敏,萧洪东,等.施硅对硅细胞的发育及不同光照时间处理海滨雀稗可溶性糖含量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(4):482-485.
[34]张玉秀,刘金光,柴团耀,等.植物对硅的吸收转运机制研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2011,38(5):400-407.
[35]陈花,王建军,王富刚,等.外源硅对干旱胁迫下荞麦幼苗水分代谢的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(11):1393-1397.
[2]Masuda T,Goldsmith P D.World soybean production:area harvested,yield,and long-term projections[J].International Food and Agribusiness Management Review,2009,12(4):143-162.
[3]林学贵.大豆进口增长成因及对策[J].中国国情国力,2018(10):53-54.
[4]刘颖,张明怡,韩光,等.干旱胁迫下钾对大豆叶片保护酶活性及产量的影响[J].大豆科学,2011,30(2):341-346.
[5]吴海燕,孙甜田,范作伟,等.东北地区主要粮食作物对气候变化的响应及其产量效应[J].农业资源与环境学报,2014,31(4):299-307.
[6]Chaves M M,Pereira J S,Maroco J,et al.How plants cope with water stress in the field?Photosynthesis and growth[J].Annals of botany,2002,89(7):907-916.
[7]解文娟,杨晓光,杨婕,等.气候变化背景下东北三省大豆干旱时空特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6232-6243.
[8]王志伟,孙涌栋,李涵,等.硅酸钠对黄瓜幼苗叶片干旱胁迫的缓解效应[J].中国瓜菜,2010,23(6):8-10.
[9]曹逼力,徐坤,石健,等.硅对番茄生长及光合作用与蒸腾作用的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2013,19(2):354-360.
[10]唐福军,曲红杰,张之一.硅肥生产技术综述[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2006(4):72-75.
[11]Richmond K E,Sussman M.Got silicon?The non-essential beneficial plant nutrient[J].Current Opinion in Plant Biology,2003,6(3):268-272.
[12]Liang X,Fang S,Ji W,et al.The positive effects of silicon on rice seedlings under saline-alkali mixed stress[J].Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis,2015,46(17):2127-2138.
[13]Shen X,Zhou Y,Duan L,et al.Silicon effects on photosynthesis and antioxidant parameters of soybean seedlings under drought and ultraviolet-B radiation[J].Journal of Plant Physiology,2010,167(15):1248-1252.
[14]Adrees M,Ali S,Rizwan M,et al.Mechanisms of silicon-mediated alleviation of heavy metal toxicity in plants:a review[J].Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety,2015,119:186-197.
[15]赵培培,于立河,赵长江.低温下硅对春小麦幼苗生长及生理特性的影响[J].黑龙江八一农垦大学学报,2015,27(1):15-21.
[16]何淑平,靳亚忠,王鹏.硅对干旱胁迫下四棱豆幼苗生物量和生理特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2015,29(2):263-266.
[17]李锋锋,伍钧,唐亚,等.铅,锌及其交互作用对鱼腥草(Houttuynia cordata)叶绿素含量及抗氧化酶系统的影响[J].生态学报,2007,27(12):5441-5446.
[18]Mathobo R,Marais D,Steyn J M.The effect of drought stress on yield,leaf gaseous exchange and chlorophyll fluorescence of dry beans(Phaseolus vulgaris L.)[J].Agricultural Water Management,2017,180:118-125.
[19]李君.低磷条件下乙烯对小麦幼苗根系和叶片气孔形态及可溶性糖含量的影响[D].杨陵:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[20]Alrahman A,Shibli N M,Ereifej R A,et al.Influence of salinity on growth and physiology of in vitro grown cu cumber(Cucumis sativus L.)[J].Jordan Agric.Sci,2005(1):93-106.
[21]赵福庚,刘友良.胁迫条件下高等植物体内脯氨酸代谢及调节的研究进展[J].植物学通报,1999,16(5):540-546.
[22]张仟雨,李萍,宗毓铮,等.干旱对大豆生理及产量影响的研究[J].华北农学报,2016(5):140-145.
[23]Loutfy N,El-Tayeb M A,Hassanen A M,et al.Changes in the water status and osmotic solute contents in response to drought and salicylic acid treatments in four different cultivars of wheat(Triticum aestivum)[J].Journal of Plant Research,2012,125(1):173-184.
[24]高蕾.干旱胁迫对大豆幼苗生理及其显微结构的影响[D].哈尔滨:东北农业大学,2009.
[25]余群.干旱胁迫下硅肥对草地早熟禾苗期生长发育的影响[D].兰州:兰州大学,2014.
[26]丁燕芳,梁永超,朱佳,等.硅对干旱胁迫下小麦幼苗生长及光合参数的影响[J].植物营养与肥料学报,2007,13(3):471-478.
[27]Li H,Zhu Y,Hu Y,et al.Beneficial effects of silicon in alleviating salinity stress of tomato seedlings grown under sand culture[J].Acta Physiologiae Plantarum,2015,37(4):71.
[28]杨华庚,颜速亮,陈慧娟,等.高温胁迫下外源茉莉酸甲酯,钙和水杨酸对蝴蝶兰幼苗耐热性的影响[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(28):150-157.
[29]彭志红,彭克勤.渗透胁迫下植物脯氨酸积累的研究进展[J].中国农学通报,2002,18(4):80-83.
[30]季杨,张新全,彭燕,等.干旱胁迫对鸭茅根、叶保护酶活性、渗透物质含量及膜质过氧化作用的影响[J].草业学报,2014,23(3):144-151.
[31]焦蓉,刘好宝,刘贯山,等.论脯氨酸累积与植物抗渗透胁迫[J].中国农学通报,2011,27(7):216-221.
[32]Enteshari S,Alishavandi R,Delavar K.Interactive effects of silicon and NaCl on some physiological and biochemical parameters in Borago officinalis L[J].Iranian Journal of Plant Physiology,2011,2(1):315-320.
[33]王惠珍,喻敏,萧洪东,等.施硅对硅细胞的发育及不同光照时间处理海滨雀稗可溶性糖含量的影响[J].华中农业大学学报,2007,26(4):482-485.
[34]张玉秀,刘金光,柴团耀,等.植物对硅的吸收转运机制研究进展[J].生物化学与生物物理进展,2011,38(5):400-407.
[35]陈花,王建军,王富刚,等.外源硅对干旱胁迫下荞麦幼苗水分代谢的影响[J].山西农业科学,2015,43(11):1393-1397.