耕地细碎化对农地整治中农户权属调整意愿的影响研究
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摘要
权属调整是农地整治项目的一项重要环节,是农地整治治理细碎化的一个重要手段,它试图改变农户承包地零散的现状,可使农户分散的承包地集中于一处,便于经营管理。利用湖北省江夏区等区县农地整治项目区农户调查数据,运用二元Logistic回归模型分析耕地细碎化对农地整治中农户权属调整意愿的影响。结果表明:地块数量对农户权属调整意愿有显著正向影响;人均承包地面积、农户对权属调整后果的担心程度对农户权属调整意愿有显著负向影响;农户对农业现代化的态度对农户权属调整意愿有显著正向影响。在农地整治中,应充分重视耕地数量对农户权属调整意愿的促进作用,通过与其他农户置换土地,进而归并平整,减少地块数量,同时达到增加地块面积和减小地块间的距离的效果,最终减轻耕地细碎化程度;并高度重视农地整治权属调整政策的宣传以及权属调整方案的制定,广泛征求农户意见,打消农户对权属调整的顾虑。
Land ownership adjustment is an important part of rural land consolidation project, and also an important tool to solve cultivated land fragmentation. Through making the fragmented contracted land centralized in one place, land ownership adjustment attempts to improve the fragmented status of farmers' contracted land which caused by household contract responsibility system. Taking the rural land consolidation area in Jiangxia district, Xian'an district and Tongshan county of Hubei province as a study area, binary Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the effect of cultivated land fragmentation on farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment in rural land consolidation based on data from a farming household sampling survey. Results indicated that the number of parcels had a significant positive impact on the farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment. The per capita contracted land area and the degree of worry about the consequences of land ownership adjustment had a significant negative impact on the farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment. Farmers' attitudes towards agricultural modernization had a significant positive impact on the farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment. Therefore, pay enough attention to the number of parcels in prompting farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment in rural land consolidation. By replacing the land with other farmers, and then merging and leveling, the number of parcels is reduced, and at the same time to increase the average area of parcels and reduce the average distance between parcels, and the degree of cultivated land fragmentation is finally reduced. Moreover, attaching great importance to the publicity of land ownership adjustment policy and the formulation of land ownership adjustment plan through intensive consultation with farmers to dispel misgivings about land ownership adjustment.
Land ownership adjustment is an important part of rural land consolidation project, and also an important tool to solve cultivated land fragmentation. Through making the fragmented contracted land centralized in one place, land ownership adjustment attempts to improve the fragmented status of farmers' contracted land which caused by household contract responsibility system. Taking the rural land consolidation area in Jiangxia district, Xian'an district and Tongshan county of Hubei province as a study area, binary Logistic regression model was employed to analyze the effect of cultivated land fragmentation on farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment in rural land consolidation based on data from a farming household sampling survey. Results indicated that the number of parcels had a significant positive impact on the farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment. The per capita contracted land area and the degree of worry about the consequences of land ownership adjustment had a significant negative impact on the farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment. Farmers' attitudes towards agricultural modernization had a significant positive impact on the farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment. Therefore, pay enough attention to the number of parcels in prompting farmers' willingness to land ownership adjustment in rural land consolidation. By replacing the land with other farmers, and then merging and leveling, the number of parcels is reduced, and at the same time to increase the average area of parcels and reduce the average distance between parcels, and the degree of cultivated land fragmentation is finally reduced. Moreover, attaching great importance to the publicity of land ownership adjustment policy and the formulation of land ownership adjustment plan through intensive consultation with farmers to dispel misgivings about land ownership adjustment.
引文
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[2] VAN H P, MACAULAY T G, MARSH S P. The economics of land fragmentation in the North of Vietnam[J]. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2007, 51(2): 195-211.
[3] 卢华, 胡浩. 土地细碎化增加农业生产成本了吗?——来自江苏省的微观调查[J]. 经济评论, 2015(5): 129-140.LU H, HU H. Does land fragmentation increase agricultural production costs?: A microscopic investigation from Jiangsu Province[J]. Economic Review, 2015(5): 129-140.
[4] FLEISHER B M, LIU Y. Economies of scale, plot size, human capital, and productivity in Chinese agriculture[J]. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 1992, 32(3): 112-124.
[5] NGUYEN T, CHENG E J, FINDLAY C. Land fragmentation and farm productivity in China in the 1990s[J]. China Economic Review, 1996, 7(2): 169-180.
[6] WAN G H, CHENG E J. Effects of land fragmentation and returns to scale in the Chinese farming sector[J]. Applied Economics, 2001, 33(2): 183-194.
[7] WU Z, LIU M, DAVIS J. Land consolidation and productivity in Chinese household crop production[J]. China Economic Review, 2005, 16(1): 28-49.
[8] 卢华, 胡浩. 非农劳动供给:土地细碎化起作用吗?——基于刘易斯拐点的视角[J]. 经济评论, 2017(1): 148-160.LU H, HU H. Off-farm labor supply: Does land fragmentation work?: Based on the perspective of Lewis Turning-point[J]. Economic Review, 2017(1): 148-160.
[9] PARIKH A, SHAH K. Measurement of technical efficiency in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan[J]. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1994, 45(1): 132-138.
[10] WADUD A, WHITE B. Farm household efficiency in Bangladesh: A comparison of stochastic frontier and DEA methods[J]. Applied Economics, 2000, 32(13): 1665-1673.
[11] RAHMAN S, RAHMAN M. Impact of land fragmentation and resource ownership on productivity and efficiency: The case of rice producers in Bangladesh[J]. Land Use Policy, 2008, 26(1): 95-103.
[12] TAN S, HEERINK N, KUYVENHOVEN A, et al. Impact of land fragmentation on rice producers’ technical efficiency in South-East China[J]. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 2010, 57(2): 117-123.
[13] MANJUNATHA A V, ANIK A R, SPEELMAN S, et al. Impact of land fragmentation, farm size, land ownership and crop diversity on profit and efficiency of irrigated farms in India[J]. Land Use Policy, 2013, 31: 397-405.
[14] 王嫚嫚, 刘颖, 蒯昊, 等. 土地细碎化、耕地地力对粮食生产效率的影响——基于江汉平原354个水稻种植户的研究[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(8): 1488-1496.WANG M M, LIU Y, KUAI H, et al. The effects of land fragmentation and land quality on the technical efficiency of grain production based on 354 rice planters on the Jianghan Plain[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(8): 1488-1496.
[15] DEMETRIOU D, STILLWELL J, SEE L. Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required?[J]. Land Use Policy, 2012, 29(1): 131-142.
[16] 田孟, 贺雪峰. 中国的农地细碎化及其治理之道[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2015(2): 88-96.TIAN M, HE X F. China’s agricultural land fragmentation and its governance[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2015(2): 88-96.
[17] 文高辉, 杨钢桥, 李岩, 等. 农地整治对耕地细碎化的治理效果及其原因分析——以湖北省江夏、咸安、通山三区(县)为实证[J]. 中国土地科学, 2016, 30(9): 82-89.WEN G H, YANG G Q, LI Y, et al. The governance effect of rural land consolidation on cultivated land fragmentation and its causes: A case study on Jiangxia District, Xian’an District, Tongshan County in Hubei Province[J]. China Land Sciences, 2016, 30(9): 82-89.
[18] 汪文雄, 杨海霞.农地整治权属调整中农户参与的行为机理研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2017(5): 108-116, 148-149.WANG W X, YANG H X. Study on the behavior mechanism of farmers’ participation in property right adjustment in land consolidation[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2017(5):108-116, 148-149.
[19] 王梅, 汪文雄. 农地整治权属调整中农户认知与行为的一致性研究[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(1): 53-63.WANG M, WANG W X. Consistency of farmers’ cognition and behavior in the adjustment of land ownership under farmland consolidation[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(1): 53-63.
[20] KING R, BURTON S. Land fragmentation: Notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 1982, 6(4): 475-494.
[21] 苏旭霞, 王秀清. 农用地细碎化与农户粮食生产——以山东省莱西市为例的分析[J]. 中国农村观察, 2002(3): 22-28, 80.SU X X, WANG X Q. Study on land fragmentation and grain production in the farming sector: A case of Laixi City in Shandong Province[J]. China Rural Survey, 2002(3): 22-28, 80.
[22] 王兴稳, 钟甫宁. 土地细碎化与农用地流转市场[J]. 中国农村观察, 2008(4): 29-34, 80.WANG X W, ZHONG F N. Land fragmentation and the land transfer market[J]. China Rural Survey, 2008(4): 29-34, 80.
[23] 黄祖辉, 王建英, 陈志钢. 非农就业、土地流转与土地细碎化对稻农技术效率的影响[J].中国农村经济, 2014(11): 4-16.HUANG Z H, WANG J Y, CHEN Z G. The impacts of non-agricultural employment, land transfer and land fragmentation on the technical efficiency of rice farmers[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2014(11): 4-16.
[24] 文高辉, 杨钢桥, 汪文雄, 等. 基于农户视角的耕地细碎化程度评价——以湖北省“江夏区—咸安区—通山县”为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(9): 1129-1143.WEN G H, YANG G Q, WANG W X, et al. Evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers’ perspective: A case of Jiangxia District, Xian’an District, and Tongshan County in Hubei Province[J]. Progress in Geography, 2016, 35(9): 1129-1143.
[25] BLAREL B, HAZELL P, PLACE F, et al. The economics of farm fragmentation: Evidence from Ghana and Rwanda[J]. The World Bank Economic Review, 1992, 6(2): 233-254.
[26] TAN S, HEERINK N, KRUSEMAN G, et al. Do fragmented landholdings have higher production costs?: Evidence from rice farmers in Northeastern Jiangxi Province, PR China[J]. China Economic Review, 2008, 19(3): 347-358.
[27] 张晓滨, 叶艳妹. 基于线性规划运输模型的农地整理权属调整[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(7): 227-234.ZHANG X B, YE Y M. Land reallocation in farmland consolidation based on transportation model of linear programming[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(7): 227-234.
[28] DEMETRIOU D, STILLWELL J, SEE L. Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required[J]. Land Use Policy, 2012, 29(1): 131-142.
① 中国人民共和国国土资源部,2010～2016中国国土资源公报.
(1)江夏区2015年地区生产总值为637.93亿元,咸安区2015年地区生产总值为240.34亿元;通山县2015年地区生产总值为95.23亿元.
[2] VAN H P, MACAULAY T G, MARSH S P. The economics of land fragmentation in the North of Vietnam[J]. The Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 2007, 51(2): 195-211.
[3] 卢华, 胡浩. 土地细碎化增加农业生产成本了吗?——来自江苏省的微观调查[J]. 经济评论, 2015(5): 129-140.LU H, HU H. Does land fragmentation increase agricultural production costs?: A microscopic investigation from Jiangsu Province[J]. Economic Review, 2015(5): 129-140.
[4] FLEISHER B M, LIU Y. Economies of scale, plot size, human capital, and productivity in Chinese agriculture[J]. Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, 1992, 32(3): 112-124.
[5] NGUYEN T, CHENG E J, FINDLAY C. Land fragmentation and farm productivity in China in the 1990s[J]. China Economic Review, 1996, 7(2): 169-180.
[6] WAN G H, CHENG E J. Effects of land fragmentation and returns to scale in the Chinese farming sector[J]. Applied Economics, 2001, 33(2): 183-194.
[7] WU Z, LIU M, DAVIS J. Land consolidation and productivity in Chinese household crop production[J]. China Economic Review, 2005, 16(1): 28-49.
[8] 卢华, 胡浩. 非农劳动供给:土地细碎化起作用吗?——基于刘易斯拐点的视角[J]. 经济评论, 2017(1): 148-160.LU H, HU H. Off-farm labor supply: Does land fragmentation work?: Based on the perspective of Lewis Turning-point[J]. Economic Review, 2017(1): 148-160.
[9] PARIKH A, SHAH K. Measurement of technical efficiency in the North-West Frontier Province of Pakistan[J]. Journal of Agricultural Economics, 1994, 45(1): 132-138.
[10] WADUD A, WHITE B. Farm household efficiency in Bangladesh: A comparison of stochastic frontier and DEA methods[J]. Applied Economics, 2000, 32(13): 1665-1673.
[11] RAHMAN S, RAHMAN M. Impact of land fragmentation and resource ownership on productivity and efficiency: The case of rice producers in Bangladesh[J]. Land Use Policy, 2008, 26(1): 95-103.
[12] TAN S, HEERINK N, KUYVENHOVEN A, et al. Impact of land fragmentation on rice producers’ technical efficiency in South-East China[J]. NJAS-Wageningen Journal of Life Sciences, 2010, 57(2): 117-123.
[13] MANJUNATHA A V, ANIK A R, SPEELMAN S, et al. Impact of land fragmentation, farm size, land ownership and crop diversity on profit and efficiency of irrigated farms in India[J]. Land Use Policy, 2013, 31: 397-405.
[14] 王嫚嫚, 刘颖, 蒯昊, 等. 土地细碎化、耕地地力对粮食生产效率的影响——基于江汉平原354个水稻种植户的研究[J]. 资源科学, 2017, 39(8): 1488-1496.WANG M M, LIU Y, KUAI H, et al. The effects of land fragmentation and land quality on the technical efficiency of grain production based on 354 rice planters on the Jianghan Plain[J]. Resources Science, 2017, 39(8): 1488-1496.
[15] DEMETRIOU D, STILLWELL J, SEE L. Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required?[J]. Land Use Policy, 2012, 29(1): 131-142.
[16] 田孟, 贺雪峰. 中国的农地细碎化及其治理之道[J]. 江西财经大学学报, 2015(2): 88-96.TIAN M, HE X F. China’s agricultural land fragmentation and its governance[J]. Journal of Jiangxi University of Finance and Economics, 2015(2): 88-96.
[17] 文高辉, 杨钢桥, 李岩, 等. 农地整治对耕地细碎化的治理效果及其原因分析——以湖北省江夏、咸安、通山三区(县)为实证[J]. 中国土地科学, 2016, 30(9): 82-89.WEN G H, YANG G Q, LI Y, et al. The governance effect of rural land consolidation on cultivated land fragmentation and its causes: A case study on Jiangxia District, Xian’an District, Tongshan County in Hubei Province[J]. China Land Sciences, 2016, 30(9): 82-89.
[18] 汪文雄, 杨海霞.农地整治权属调整中农户参与的行为机理研究[J]. 华中农业大学学报(社会科学版), 2017(5): 108-116, 148-149.WANG W X, YANG H X. Study on the behavior mechanism of farmers’ participation in property right adjustment in land consolidation[J]. Journal of Huazhong Agricultural University(Social Sciences Edition), 2017(5):108-116, 148-149.
[19] 王梅, 汪文雄. 农地整治权属调整中农户认知与行为的一致性研究[J]. 资源科学, 2018, 40(1): 53-63.WANG M, WANG W X. Consistency of farmers’ cognition and behavior in the adjustment of land ownership under farmland consolidation[J]. Resources Science, 2018, 40(1): 53-63.
[20] KING R, BURTON S. Land fragmentation: Notes on a fundamental rural spatial problem[J]. Progress in Human Geography, 1982, 6(4): 475-494.
[21] 苏旭霞, 王秀清. 农用地细碎化与农户粮食生产——以山东省莱西市为例的分析[J]. 中国农村观察, 2002(3): 22-28, 80.SU X X, WANG X Q. Study on land fragmentation and grain production in the farming sector: A case of Laixi City in Shandong Province[J]. China Rural Survey, 2002(3): 22-28, 80.
[22] 王兴稳, 钟甫宁. 土地细碎化与农用地流转市场[J]. 中国农村观察, 2008(4): 29-34, 80.WANG X W, ZHONG F N. Land fragmentation and the land transfer market[J]. China Rural Survey, 2008(4): 29-34, 80.
[23] 黄祖辉, 王建英, 陈志钢. 非农就业、土地流转与土地细碎化对稻农技术效率的影响[J].中国农村经济, 2014(11): 4-16.HUANG Z H, WANG J Y, CHEN Z G. The impacts of non-agricultural employment, land transfer and land fragmentation on the technical efficiency of rice farmers[J]. Chinese Rural Economy, 2014(11): 4-16.
[24] 文高辉, 杨钢桥, 汪文雄, 等. 基于农户视角的耕地细碎化程度评价——以湖北省“江夏区—咸安区—通山县”为例[J]. 地理科学进展, 2016, 35(9): 1129-1143.WEN G H, YANG G Q, WANG W X, et al. Evaluation of cultivated land fragmentation degree based on farmers’ perspective: A case of Jiangxia District, Xian’an District, and Tongshan County in Hubei Province[J]. Progress in Geography, 2016, 35(9): 1129-1143.
[25] BLAREL B, HAZELL P, PLACE F, et al. The economics of farm fragmentation: Evidence from Ghana and Rwanda[J]. The World Bank Economic Review, 1992, 6(2): 233-254.
[26] TAN S, HEERINK N, KRUSEMAN G, et al. Do fragmented landholdings have higher production costs?: Evidence from rice farmers in Northeastern Jiangxi Province, PR China[J]. China Economic Review, 2008, 19(3): 347-358.
[27] 张晓滨, 叶艳妹. 基于线性规划运输模型的农地整理权属调整[J]. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(7): 227-234.ZHANG X B, YE Y M. Land reallocation in farmland consolidation based on transportation model of linear programming[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(7): 227-234.
[28] DEMETRIOU D, STILLWELL J, SEE L. Land consolidation in Cyprus: Why is an integrated planning and decision support system required[J]. Land Use Policy, 2012, 29(1): 131-142.
① 中国人民共和国国土资源部,2010～2016中国国土资源公报.
(1)江夏区2015年地区生产总值为637.93亿元,咸安区2015年地区生产总值为240.34亿元;通山县2015年地区生产总值为95.23亿元.