耕作方式对岩溶区甘蔗地土壤优先流特征的影响
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摘要
岩溶区特殊的岩性地质条件,使土壤优先流现象广泛发生。以广西岩溶区内的典型农地甘蔗地作为研究对象,利用野外染色示踪技术和图像解析方法,分别对传统耕作(CT)和粉垄耕作(SRT)方式下的田间土壤优先流特征进行分析,揭示耕作方式对岩溶区甘蔗地土壤优先流的发生及其空间发展变化的影响。结果表明:①在相同外部供水条件下,传统耕作甘蔗地优先流运动分化程度相对较高,多呈指状形式,且平均湿润锋下渗深度为43.19 cm,显著大于粉垄耕作(P<0.05),而粉垄耕作甘蔗地优先流以横向运动形式为主,表现为团块状湿润锋形式;②粉垄耕作甘蔗地土壤优先流发生时间显著滞后于传统耕作(P<0.05),是其1.67倍;③随土壤深度的增加,两种耕作方式下的甘蔗地土壤优先流发育程度总体呈现先增加后降低的变化趋势,但粉垄耕作甘蔗地优先流比(70.72%)和长度指数(527.12%)均显著小于传统耕作甘蔗地(P<0.05),且在土壤空间中对应的染色形态变异系数(1.19)是传统耕作的1.38倍,优先流发育程度显著低于传统耕作甘蔗地。粉垄耕作与传统耕作方式相比,在一定程度上降低了田间土壤优先流现象,改善了田间土层中的水肥状况。
The unique geological conditions lead to the soil preferential flow widely occurs in the karst region. Therefore, in this paper, the typical sugarcane fields in the karst region of Guangxi was taken as study objects, the methods of brilliant blue dye tracer technique and image analysis were used, and the characteristics of soil preferential flows in sugarcane fields were studied under the conventional tillage(CT) and smash-ridging tillage(SRT) in order to reveal the effects of tillage patterns on the occurrence and spatial development of soil preferential flow in sugarcane fields in the karst region. Results showed that: 1) the differentiation degree of preferential flow movement was higher in CT sugarcane field under the same water supply condition. The motion morphology of wetting front in CT sugarcane field was finger form and reached at a depth of 43.19 cm, which was significantly deeper than that of SRT one(P<0.05). However, the wetting front of preferential flow in SRT sugarcane field was mainly blocky morphology which indicated a horizontal mobility pattern. 2) The occurrence time of preferential flow in SRT sugarcane field was 1.67 times later than that of CT one(P<0.05). 3) With the increase of soil depth, the preferential flow levels of two tillage patterns both increased first and then decreased. But the preferential flow fraction(70.72%) and length index(527.12%) of SRT sugarcane field were significantly lower than those of CT one(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the average of variation coefficient of the dyed area percentages in the whole soil profiles in SRT sugarcane field was 1.38 times higher than that of CT one. The degree of preferential flow in SRT sugarcane field was significantly lower than that of CT one. To a certain extent, compared with CT, SRT can reduce the phenomenon of preferential flow and preserve moisture and fertility in sugarcane field of karst region.
The unique geological conditions lead to the soil preferential flow widely occurs in the karst region. Therefore, in this paper, the typical sugarcane fields in the karst region of Guangxi was taken as study objects, the methods of brilliant blue dye tracer technique and image analysis were used, and the characteristics of soil preferential flows in sugarcane fields were studied under the conventional tillage(CT) and smash-ridging tillage(SRT) in order to reveal the effects of tillage patterns on the occurrence and spatial development of soil preferential flow in sugarcane fields in the karst region. Results showed that: 1) the differentiation degree of preferential flow movement was higher in CT sugarcane field under the same water supply condition. The motion morphology of wetting front in CT sugarcane field was finger form and reached at a depth of 43.19 cm, which was significantly deeper than that of SRT one(P<0.05). However, the wetting front of preferential flow in SRT sugarcane field was mainly blocky morphology which indicated a horizontal mobility pattern. 2) The occurrence time of preferential flow in SRT sugarcane field was 1.67 times later than that of CT one(P<0.05). 3) With the increase of soil depth, the preferential flow levels of two tillage patterns both increased first and then decreased. But the preferential flow fraction(70.72%) and length index(527.12%) of SRT sugarcane field were significantly lower than those of CT one(P<0.05). Meanwhile, the average of variation coefficient of the dyed area percentages in the whole soil profiles in SRT sugarcane field was 1.38 times higher than that of CT one. The degree of preferential flow in SRT sugarcane field was significantly lower than that of CT one. To a certain extent, compared with CT, SRT can reduce the phenomenon of preferential flow and preserve moisture and fertility in sugarcane field of karst region.
引文
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[13]张东旭,张洪江,程金花.基于多指标评价和分形维数的坡耕地优先流定量分析[J].农业机械学报, 2017,48(12):214–220
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[22]陈晓冰,张洪江,李世友,等.紫色砂岩区不同植被类型土壤优先流特征及其影响因素[J].中国水土保持科学,2014, 12(6):42–49
[23]戴翠婷,刘窑军,王天巍,等.三峡库区高砾石含量紫色土优先流形态特征[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(1):103–108
[24]陈学文,张晓平,梁爱珍,等.耕作方式对黑土耕层孔隙分布和水分特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2012,26(6):114–120
[25] Borghei A M, Taghinejad J, Minaei S, et al. Effect of subsoiling on soil bulk density, penetration resistance, and cotton yield in northwest of Iran[J]. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 2008, 10(1):120–123
[26]张明君,李玲玲,谢军红,等.耕作方式与施肥对旱农区粮饲兼用玉米耗水特性和干物质积累的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(1):179–185
[27]王丽,李军,李娟,等.轮耕与施肥对渭北旱作玉米田土壤团聚体和有机碳含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014, 25(3):759–768
[28]陈宁宁,李军,吕薇,等.不同轮耕方式对渭北旱塬麦玉轮作田土壤物理性状与产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(9):1102–1111
[29]张海林,秦耀东,朱文珊.耕作措施对土壤物理性状的影响[J].土壤, 2003, 35(2):140–144
[30]张欣,张洪江,张福明,等.西南山区农地土壤前期含水量对优先流的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(2):1–7
[31]姚晶晶,程金花,张洪江,等.入渗水量对重庆四面山草地优先流影响的定量评价[J].水土保持学报, 2018,32(2):45–51
[2]程竹华,张佳宝.土壤中优势流现象的研究进展[J].土壤, 1998, 30(6):315–319
[3]徐宗恒,徐则民,曹军尉,等.土壤优先流研究现状与发展趋势[J].土壤, 2012, 44(6):905–916
[4] Wesley W S, John T W. Preferential flow estimates to an agricultural tile drain with implications for glyphosate transport[J]. Journal of Environmental Quality, 2006, 35(5):1825–1835
[5]张继光,陈洪松,苏以荣,等.喀斯特峰丛洼地坡面土壤水分空间变异研究[J].农业工程学报, 2006, 22(8):54–58
[6] Green R T, Bertetti F P, Miller M S. Focused groundwater flow in a carbonate aquifer in a semi-arid environment[J].Journal of Hydrology, 2014, 517:284–297
[7]黄振瑞,周文灵,江永,等.优化施肥对甘蔗产量、养分吸收及肥料利用率的影响[J].热带作物学报, 2015, 36(9):1568–1573
[8]韦本辉,甘秀芹,申章佑,等.粉垄栽培甘蔗试验增产效果[J].中国农业科学, 2011, 44(21):4544–4550
[9]张中彬,彭新华.土壤裂隙及其优先流研究进展[J].土壤学报, 2015, 52(3):477–488
[10]郭晓霞,刘景辉,田露,等.轮作条件下免耕对黄土高原旱作土壤水分入渗特性的影响[J].农业工程学报,2012, 28(10):112–117
[11]何丹,马东豪,张锡洲,等.土壤入渗特性的空间变异规律及其变异源[J].水科学进展, 2013, 24(3):340–348
[12]李文凤,张晓平,梁爱珍,等.不同耕作方式下黑土的渗透特性和优先流特征[J].应用生态学报, 2008, 19(7):1506–1510
[13]张东旭,张洪江,程金花.基于多指标评价和分形维数的坡耕地优先流定量分析[J].农业机械学报, 2017,48(12):214–220
[14]王发,付智勇,陈洪松,等.喀斯特洼地退耕和耕作土壤优先流特征[J].水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1):111–116
[15]王铁生.我国农业耕作制度的区划及成就[J].农业科技与装备, 2013(5):84–85
[16] Van Schaik N. Spatial variability of infiltration patterns related to site characteristics in a semi-arid watershed[J].Catena, 2009, 78(1):36–47
[17] Tobella A B, Reese H, Almaw A, et al. The effect of trees on preferential flow and soil infiltrability in an agroforestry parkland in semiarid Burkina Faso[J]. Water Resources Research, 2014, 50(4):3342–3354
[18]吴庆华,张家发,蔺文静,等.土壤水流模式染色剂示踪及优先流程度评估[J].农业工程学报, 2014, 30(7):82–90
[19]杜晓晴,牛健植,侯琨,等.华北土石山区优先流区与基质流区土壤特性分析[J].中国水土保持科学, 2015,13(3):51–57
[20]蒋小金,王恩妲,陈祥伟,等.典型黑土耕地土壤优先流环绕特征[J].应用生态学报, 2010, 21(12):3127–3132
[21]潘网生,许玉凤,卢玉东,等.基于非均匀性和分形维数的黄土优先流特征定量分析[J].农业工程学报, 2017,33(3):140–147
[22]陈晓冰,张洪江,李世友,等.紫色砂岩区不同植被类型土壤优先流特征及其影响因素[J].中国水土保持科学,2014, 12(6):42–49
[23]戴翠婷,刘窑军,王天巍,等.三峡库区高砾石含量紫色土优先流形态特征[J].水土保持学报, 2017, 31(1):103–108
[24]陈学文,张晓平,梁爱珍,等.耕作方式对黑土耕层孔隙分布和水分特征的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2012,26(6):114–120
[25] Borghei A M, Taghinejad J, Minaei S, et al. Effect of subsoiling on soil bulk density, penetration resistance, and cotton yield in northwest of Iran[J]. International Journal of Agriculture&Biology, 2008, 10(1):120–123
[26]张明君,李玲玲,谢军红,等.耕作方式与施肥对旱农区粮饲兼用玉米耗水特性和干物质积累的影响[J].干旱地区农业研究, 2018, 36(1):179–185
[27]王丽,李军,李娟,等.轮耕与施肥对渭北旱作玉米田土壤团聚体和有机碳含量的影响[J].应用生态学报,2014, 25(3):759–768
[28]陈宁宁,李军,吕薇,等.不同轮耕方式对渭北旱塬麦玉轮作田土壤物理性状与产量的影响[J].中国生态农业学报, 2015, 23(9):1102–1111
[29]张海林,秦耀东,朱文珊.耕作措施对土壤物理性状的影响[J].土壤, 2003, 35(2):140–144
[30]张欣,张洪江,张福明,等.西南山区农地土壤前期含水量对优先流的影响[J].水土保持学报, 2014, 28(2):1–7
[31]姚晶晶,程金花,张洪江,等.入渗水量对重庆四面山草地优先流影响的定量评价[J].水土保持学报, 2018,32(2):45–51
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