黄土高原苜蓿及后茬作物土壤水分恢复效应及蒸散特征
|
摘要
黄土高原种植紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)多年后会形成土壤干层,严重影响后茬作物的生长。本研究利用黄土高原建植9年的苜蓿地布设田间试验,研究比较了苜蓿连作(L–L),苜蓿移除后休闲(L–F)或分别种植小麦(Triticum aestivum, L–W)、玉米(Zea mays, L–C)、马铃薯(Solanum tuberosum, L–P)和谷子(Setaria italica, L–M)6种苜蓿-作物种植模式对田间水分蒸散特性的影响及水分动态变化特征。结果表明:苜蓿与作物的轮作中,3年的平均水分利用效率均是苜蓿-马铃薯最高,苜蓿-玉米次之,苜蓿-小麦最低,种植马铃薯和玉米能有效提高作物产量和水分利用效率。苜蓿-玉米处理在高耗水的同时,抑制了土壤棵间蒸发量,显著降低了蒸发与作物耗水量的比率(17.0%),促进了作物的蒸腾作用。经过轮作倒茬后,苜蓿-作物轮作处理下0–300 cm土层的平均含水量较苜蓿连作增加了18.4%～34.9%,苜蓿-休闲处理对于土壤干层水分的恢复效果最佳,其次为苜蓿-马铃薯。综合水分利用效率和农田水分变化特征,在黄土高原半干旱区种植苜蓿多年后选择休闲或轮作其他作物,以苜蓿-马铃薯和苜蓿-玉米轮作的效果较好。该研究结果也表明,合理的利用土地可以减轻土壤干层在黄土高原的形成和发展。
The formation of a dried soil layer after the long-term cultivation of lucerne(Medicago sativa) in the northwest Loess Plateau, China, could seriously affect the growth of subsequent crops. A field study was conducted to investigate the evapotranspiration and water dynamics of crops cultivated after lucerne production. This study involved the following six treatments: lucerne-lucerne(L–L), lucerne-fallow(L–F), lucerne-wheat(Triticum aestivum, L–W), lucerne-corn(Zea mays,L–C), lucerne-potato(Solanum tuberosum, L–P), and lucerne-millet(Setaria italica, L–M). Average water use efficiency(WUE) was greater in the L–P treatment, followed by the L–C treatment, and was the lowest with the L–W treatment after 3 years of continuous production, indicating that 9-year-old lucerne rotated with potato and corn resulted in higher crop WUE than the other treatments. The L–C treatment had the highest water consumption during the crop growing period; however, it had the lowest evaporation among the different treatments, which decreased the percentage of evaporation of crop total water consumption to 17.0%, which promoted transpiration in the corn crop. Average field water content was increased by 18.4%to 34.9% compared to continuous lucerne in the 0 to 300 cm soil layer depth. The L–F treatment was the best for water restoration among the six treatments, followed by the L–P treatment. Based on the WUE and soil water characteristics, potato and corn are optimal crops for cultivation after lucerne in the northwest Loess Plateau, China. Therefore, optimising land-use management can mitigate the formation of a dried soil layer and assist the development on the northwest Loess Plateau.
The formation of a dried soil layer after the long-term cultivation of lucerne(Medicago sativa) in the northwest Loess Plateau, China, could seriously affect the growth of subsequent crops. A field study was conducted to investigate the evapotranspiration and water dynamics of crops cultivated after lucerne production. This study involved the following six treatments: lucerne-lucerne(L–L), lucerne-fallow(L–F), lucerne-wheat(Triticum aestivum, L–W), lucerne-corn(Zea mays,L–C), lucerne-potato(Solanum tuberosum, L–P), and lucerne-millet(Setaria italica, L–M). Average water use efficiency(WUE) was greater in the L–P treatment, followed by the L–C treatment, and was the lowest with the L–W treatment after 3 years of continuous production, indicating that 9-year-old lucerne rotated with potato and corn resulted in higher crop WUE than the other treatments. The L–C treatment had the highest water consumption during the crop growing period; however, it had the lowest evaporation among the different treatments, which decreased the percentage of evaporation of crop total water consumption to 17.0%, which promoted transpiration in the corn crop. Average field water content was increased by 18.4%to 34.9% compared to continuous lucerne in the 0 to 300 cm soil layer depth. The L–F treatment was the best for water restoration among the six treatments, followed by the L–P treatment. Based on the WUE and soil water characteristics, potato and corn are optimal crops for cultivation after lucerne in the northwest Loess Plateau, China. Therefore, optimising land-use management can mitigate the formation of a dried soil layer and assist the development on the northwest Loess Plateau.
引文
[1] BALL T J, WOODROW I E, BERRY J A. A model predicting stomatal conductance and its contribution to the control of photosynthesis under different environmental conditions.//In:BIGGINS J. Progress in Photosynthesis Research. Dordrecht:Springer, 1987:221-224.
[2]田福平,师尚礼,洪绂曾,时永杰,余成群,张小甫,胡宇.我国草田轮作的研究历史及现状.草业科学,2012, 29(2):320-326.TIAN F P, SHI S L, HONG F Z, SHI Y J, YU C Q, ZHANG X P, HU Y. Research on history and current situation of forage and crop rotation in China. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(2):320-326.
[3]王琦,师尚礼,曹文侠.中国草田耕作制度研究进展.草原与草坪,2012, 32(6):62-66.WANG Q, SHI S L, CAO W X. The progress of research in pasture-crop farming systems of China. Grassland and Turf, 2012,32(6):62-66.
[4]李锋瑞,高崇岳.陇东黄土高原若干轮作复种模式的生态效能比较研究.草业学报,1994, 3(1):48-55.LI F R, GAO C Y. A comparison of comprehensive eco-efficiencies between some rotation and multiple cropping patterns and continuous winter wheat cropping in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 1994, 3(1):48-55.
[5]任继周,胥刚.传统农耕文化在黄土高原上的困境与机遇.草业科学,2010, 27(3):3-8.REN J Z, XU G. The difficulties and opportunities for traditional agrarian culture on the Loess Plateau. Prataculturae Science, 2010,27(3):3-8.
[6]孙建华,王彦荣.中国主要苜蓿品种的产量性状及其多样性研究.应用生态学报,2004, 15(5):803-808.SUN J H, WANG Y R. Yield characteristics and genetic diversity of main alfalfa varieties in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004, 15(5):803-808.
[7] MCCALLUM M H, CONNOR D, O'LEARY G J. Water use by lucerne and effect on crops in the Victorian Wimmera. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2001, 52(2):193-201.
[8] YAN W, DENG L, ZHONG Y, SHANGGUAN Z. The characters of dry soil layer on the Loess Plateau in China and their influencing factors. PLoS One, 2015, 10(8):e0134902.
[9]邢福,周景英,金永君,孙璐,张建峰,岳伟,宝桩,倪楠,钱英.我国草田轮作的历史、理论与实践概览.草业学报,2011, 20(3):245-255.XING F, ZHOU J Y, JIN Y J, SUN L, ZHANG J F, YUE W, BAO Z, NI N, QIAN Y. History, theory and practice of pasture-crop rotation in China:A review. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3):245-255.
[10] BLACKSHAW R E, LARNEY F O, LINDWALL C W, KOZUB G C. Crop rotation and tillage effects on weed populations on the semi-arid Canadian prairies. Weed Technology, 1994, 8(2):231-237.
[11] WHITBREADA A M, BLAIR G J, LEFROY R D B. Managing legume leys, residues and fertilizers to enhance the sustain ability of wheat yields and nutrient balance. 2 Soil physical fertility and carbon. Soil and Tillage Research, 2000, 54(1):77-89.
[12]王俊,李凤民,贾宇,王亚军.半干旱黄土区苜蓿草地轮作农田土壤氮、磷和有机质变化.应用生态学报,2005, 16(3):439-444.WANG J, LI F M, JIA Y, WANG Y J. Dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in alfalfa-crop rotated farmland in semiarid area of Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(3):439-444.
[13]祝廷成,李志坚,张为政,梁存柱,杨海军,周守标.东北平原引草入田、粮草轮作的初步研究.草业学报,2003, 12(3):34-43.ZHU T C, LI Z J, ZHANG W Z, LIANG C Z, YANG H J, ZHOU S B. A preliminary report on the cereal-forage rotation system in the plain of Northeast China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2003, 12(3):34-43.
[14]刘晓宏,郝明德.不同轮作施肥对土壤有机氮分解特征的影响.土壤与环境,2000, 9(2):129-131.LIU X H, HAO M D. Effects of long-term rotation and fertilization to mineralization of soil organic-N. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2000, 9(2):129-131.
[15]刘沛松,贾志宽,李军,任小龙,李永平,刘世新.宁南山区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)土壤干层水分动态及草粮轮作恢复效应.生态学报,2008, 28(1):183-191.LIU P S, JIA Z K, LI J, REN X L, LI Y P, LIU S X. Moisture dynamics of soil dry layer and water-restoring effects of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)-grain crop rotation on soil dry layer in alfalfa farm lands in mountainous region of southern Ningxia. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2008, 28(1):183-191.
[16]刘忠民,山仑.宁南山区草田轮作研究:不同轮作制度下的农田水分平衡.水土保持学报,1993, 7(4):67-71.LIU Z M, SHAN L. Study on grass-grain crop rotation system in south Ningxia Hilly Area:Water balance under different crop rotation systems. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1993, 7(4):67-71.
[17]王庆锁,张玉发,苏加楷,张永亭.苜蓿-作物轮作研究.生态农业研究,1999, 7(3):35-38.WANG Q S, ZHANG Y F, SU J K, ZHANG Y T. Review on alfalfa-crop rotation. Eco-Agriculture Research, 1999, 7(3):35-38.
[18]耿华珠.中国苜蓿.北京:北京中国农业出版社,1995.GEN H Z. Chinese Alfalfa. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1995.
[19]韩丽娜.草田轮作对作物土壤水肥特性及作物生长的影响.杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2012.HAN L N. Effects of alfalfa-grain(oil)crop rotation on soil moisture, fertilizer and growth in the Loess Plateau. Master Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2012.
[20]毛桂莲,虎德钰,许兴.干旱风沙区苜蓿后茬不同轮作方式对水分利用效率和产量的影响.水土保持学报,2015, 29(3):219-224.MAO G L, HU D Y, XU X. Effects of alfalfa post-harvest rotation on water use efficiency and crop yield in arid sandy area. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(3):219-224.
[21] NIU Y, BAINARD, L D, BANDARA M, HAMEL C, GAN Y. Soil residual water and nutrients explain about 30%of the rotationaleffect in 4-yr pulse-intensified rotation systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2017, 97(5):852-864.
[22] GAN Y,HAMEL C,O'DONOVAN J T,CUTFORTH H,ZENTNER R P,CAMPBELL C A,NIU Y,LEE P. Diversifying crop rotations with pulses enhances system productivity. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 14625.
[23]谢军红,柴强,张仁陟,罗珠珠,李玲玲,牛伊宁.蔡立群黄土高原区多年生苜蓿地土壤干层恢复的适宜后茬筛选.水土保持学报,2014, 28(5):51-57.XIE J H, CHAI Q, ZHANG R Z, LUO Z Z, LI L L, NIU Y N, CAI L Q. Suitable succession crop screening after perennial alfalfa for soil dedication restoration in Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(5):51-57.
[24]王晓凌,陈明灿,李凤民,李友军.黄土高原土壤干层水分恢复与作物产量响应.水土保持研究,2007, 14(3):1-4.WANG X L, CHEN M C, LI F M, LI Y J. Water restoration of dry soil layers in the Loess Plateau and crop yield response.Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 14(3):1-4.
[25]谢军红,柴强,李玲玲,张仁陟,牛伊宁,罗珠珠,蔡立群.黄土高原半干旱区不同覆膜连作玉米产量的水分承载时限研究.中国农业科学,2015, 48(8):1558-1568.XIE J H, CHAI Q, LI L L, ZHANG R Z, NIU Y N, LUO Z Z, CAI L Q. The time loading limitation of continuous cropping maize yield under different plastic film mulching modes in Semi-Arid region of Loess Plateau of China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015,48(8):1558-1568.
[26] LATTA R A, COCKS P S, MATTHEWS C. Lucerne pastures to sustain agricultural production in southwestern Australia.Agricultural Water Management, 2002, 53:99-109.
[27]杜世平,王留芳,龙明秀.宁南山区旱地紫花苜蓿土壤水分及产量动态研究.草业科学,1999, 16(1):12-15,17.DU S P, WANG L F, LONG M X. Study on soil moisture and yield dynamic of arid alfalfa grassland in mountain area of southern Ningxia. Pratacultural Science, 1999, 16(1):12-15,17.
[28]程积民,万惠娥,王静.黄土丘陵区紫花苜蓿生长与土壤水分变化.应用生态学报,2005, 16(3):435-438.CHENG J M, WAN H E, WANG J. Alfalfa growth and its relation with soil water status in loess hilly and gully region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(3):435-438.
[29]罗珠珠,牛伊宁,李玲玲,蔡立群,张仁陟,谢军红.陇中黄土高原不同种植年限苜蓿草地土壤水分及产量响应.草业学报,2015, 24(1):31-38.LUO Z Z, NIU Y N, LI L L, CAI L Q, ZHANG R Z, XIE J H. Soil moisture and alfalfa productivity response from different years of growth on the Loess Plateau of central Gansu. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(1):31-38.
[30]孙剑,李军,王美艳,王学春,方新宇,任晶晶.黄土高原半干旱偏旱区苜蓿-粮食轮作土壤水分恢复效应.农业工程学报,2009,25(6):33-39.SUN J, LI J, WANG M Y, WANG X C, FANG X Y, REN J J. Effects of alfalfa-grain rotation on soil moisture restoration in semiarid and drought-inclined areas of the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(6):33-39.
[31]王美艳,李军,孙剑,王学春,方新宇,任晶晶.黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿草地土壤干燥化特征与粮草轮作土壤水分恢复效应.生态学报,2009, 29(8):4526-4534.WANG M Y, LI J, SUN J, WANG X C, FANG X Y, REN J J. Soil desiccation characteristics of alfalfa grasslands and soil water restoration effects in alfalfa-grain crop rotations on the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(8):4526-4534.
[2]田福平,师尚礼,洪绂曾,时永杰,余成群,张小甫,胡宇.我国草田轮作的研究历史及现状.草业科学,2012, 29(2):320-326.TIAN F P, SHI S L, HONG F Z, SHI Y J, YU C Q, ZHANG X P, HU Y. Research on history and current situation of forage and crop rotation in China. Pratacultural Science, 2012, 29(2):320-326.
[3]王琦,师尚礼,曹文侠.中国草田耕作制度研究进展.草原与草坪,2012, 32(6):62-66.WANG Q, SHI S L, CAO W X. The progress of research in pasture-crop farming systems of China. Grassland and Turf, 2012,32(6):62-66.
[4]李锋瑞,高崇岳.陇东黄土高原若干轮作复种模式的生态效能比较研究.草业学报,1994, 3(1):48-55.LI F R, GAO C Y. A comparison of comprehensive eco-efficiencies between some rotation and multiple cropping patterns and continuous winter wheat cropping in the Loess Plateau of Eastern Gansu. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 1994, 3(1):48-55.
[5]任继周,胥刚.传统农耕文化在黄土高原上的困境与机遇.草业科学,2010, 27(3):3-8.REN J Z, XU G. The difficulties and opportunities for traditional agrarian culture on the Loess Plateau. Prataculturae Science, 2010,27(3):3-8.
[6]孙建华,王彦荣.中国主要苜蓿品种的产量性状及其多样性研究.应用生态学报,2004, 15(5):803-808.SUN J H, WANG Y R. Yield characteristics and genetic diversity of main alfalfa varieties in China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2004, 15(5):803-808.
[7] MCCALLUM M H, CONNOR D, O'LEARY G J. Water use by lucerne and effect on crops in the Victorian Wimmera. Australian Journal of Agricultural Research, 2001, 52(2):193-201.
[8] YAN W, DENG L, ZHONG Y, SHANGGUAN Z. The characters of dry soil layer on the Loess Plateau in China and their influencing factors. PLoS One, 2015, 10(8):e0134902.
[9]邢福,周景英,金永君,孙璐,张建峰,岳伟,宝桩,倪楠,钱英.我国草田轮作的历史、理论与实践概览.草业学报,2011, 20(3):245-255.XING F, ZHOU J Y, JIN Y J, SUN L, ZHANG J F, YUE W, BAO Z, NI N, QIAN Y. History, theory and practice of pasture-crop rotation in China:A review. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2011, 20(3):245-255.
[10] BLACKSHAW R E, LARNEY F O, LINDWALL C W, KOZUB G C. Crop rotation and tillage effects on weed populations on the semi-arid Canadian prairies. Weed Technology, 1994, 8(2):231-237.
[11] WHITBREADA A M, BLAIR G J, LEFROY R D B. Managing legume leys, residues and fertilizers to enhance the sustain ability of wheat yields and nutrient balance. 2 Soil physical fertility and carbon. Soil and Tillage Research, 2000, 54(1):77-89.
[12]王俊,李凤民,贾宇,王亚军.半干旱黄土区苜蓿草地轮作农田土壤氮、磷和有机质变化.应用生态学报,2005, 16(3):439-444.WANG J, LI F M, JIA Y, WANG Y J. Dynamics of soil nitrogen, phosphorus and organic matter in alfalfa-crop rotated farmland in semiarid area of Northwest China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(3):439-444.
[13]祝廷成,李志坚,张为政,梁存柱,杨海军,周守标.东北平原引草入田、粮草轮作的初步研究.草业学报,2003, 12(3):34-43.ZHU T C, LI Z J, ZHANG W Z, LIANG C Z, YANG H J, ZHOU S B. A preliminary report on the cereal-forage rotation system in the plain of Northeast China. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2003, 12(3):34-43.
[14]刘晓宏,郝明德.不同轮作施肥对土壤有机氮分解特征的影响.土壤与环境,2000, 9(2):129-131.LIU X H, HAO M D. Effects of long-term rotation and fertilization to mineralization of soil organic-N. Soil and Environmental Sciences, 2000, 9(2):129-131.
[15]刘沛松,贾志宽,李军,任小龙,李永平,刘世新.宁南山区紫花苜蓿(Medicago sativa)土壤干层水分动态及草粮轮作恢复效应.生态学报,2008, 28(1):183-191.LIU P S, JIA Z K, LI J, REN X L, LI Y P, LIU S X. Moisture dynamics of soil dry layer and water-restoring effects of alfalfa(Medicago sativa)-grain crop rotation on soil dry layer in alfalfa farm lands in mountainous region of southern Ningxia. Acta Ecological Sinica, 2008, 28(1):183-191.
[16]刘忠民,山仑.宁南山区草田轮作研究:不同轮作制度下的农田水分平衡.水土保持学报,1993, 7(4):67-71.LIU Z M, SHAN L. Study on grass-grain crop rotation system in south Ningxia Hilly Area:Water balance under different crop rotation systems. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1993, 7(4):67-71.
[17]王庆锁,张玉发,苏加楷,张永亭.苜蓿-作物轮作研究.生态农业研究,1999, 7(3):35-38.WANG Q S, ZHANG Y F, SU J K, ZHANG Y T. Review on alfalfa-crop rotation. Eco-Agriculture Research, 1999, 7(3):35-38.
[18]耿华珠.中国苜蓿.北京:北京中国农业出版社,1995.GEN H Z. Chinese Alfalfa. Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 1995.
[19]韩丽娜.草田轮作对作物土壤水肥特性及作物生长的影响.杨凌:西北农林科技大学硕士学位论文,2012.HAN L N. Effects of alfalfa-grain(oil)crop rotation on soil moisture, fertilizer and growth in the Loess Plateau. Master Thesis.Yangling:Northwest A&F University, 2012.
[20]毛桂莲,虎德钰,许兴.干旱风沙区苜蓿后茬不同轮作方式对水分利用效率和产量的影响.水土保持学报,2015, 29(3):219-224.MAO G L, HU D Y, XU X. Effects of alfalfa post-harvest rotation on water use efficiency and crop yield in arid sandy area. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(3):219-224.
[21] NIU Y, BAINARD, L D, BANDARA M, HAMEL C, GAN Y. Soil residual water and nutrients explain about 30%of the rotationaleffect in 4-yr pulse-intensified rotation systems. Canadian Journal of Plant Science, 2017, 97(5):852-864.
[22] GAN Y,HAMEL C,O'DONOVAN J T,CUTFORTH H,ZENTNER R P,CAMPBELL C A,NIU Y,LEE P. Diversifying crop rotations with pulses enhances system productivity. Scientific Reports, 2015, 5, 14625.
[23]谢军红,柴强,张仁陟,罗珠珠,李玲玲,牛伊宁.蔡立群黄土高原区多年生苜蓿地土壤干层恢复的适宜后茬筛选.水土保持学报,2014, 28(5):51-57.XIE J H, CHAI Q, ZHANG R Z, LUO Z Z, LI L L, NIU Y N, CAI L Q. Suitable succession crop screening after perennial alfalfa for soil dedication restoration in Loess Plateau. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 28(5):51-57.
[24]王晓凌,陈明灿,李凤民,李友军.黄土高原土壤干层水分恢复与作物产量响应.水土保持研究,2007, 14(3):1-4.WANG X L, CHEN M C, LI F M, LI Y J. Water restoration of dry soil layers in the Loess Plateau and crop yield response.Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 14(3):1-4.
[25]谢军红,柴强,李玲玲,张仁陟,牛伊宁,罗珠珠,蔡立群.黄土高原半干旱区不同覆膜连作玉米产量的水分承载时限研究.中国农业科学,2015, 48(8):1558-1568.XIE J H, CHAI Q, LI L L, ZHANG R Z, NIU Y N, LUO Z Z, CAI L Q. The time loading limitation of continuous cropping maize yield under different plastic film mulching modes in Semi-Arid region of Loess Plateau of China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015,48(8):1558-1568.
[26] LATTA R A, COCKS P S, MATTHEWS C. Lucerne pastures to sustain agricultural production in southwestern Australia.Agricultural Water Management, 2002, 53:99-109.
[27]杜世平,王留芳,龙明秀.宁南山区旱地紫花苜蓿土壤水分及产量动态研究.草业科学,1999, 16(1):12-15,17.DU S P, WANG L F, LONG M X. Study on soil moisture and yield dynamic of arid alfalfa grassland in mountain area of southern Ningxia. Pratacultural Science, 1999, 16(1):12-15,17.
[28]程积民,万惠娥,王静.黄土丘陵区紫花苜蓿生长与土壤水分变化.应用生态学报,2005, 16(3):435-438.CHENG J M, WAN H E, WANG J. Alfalfa growth and its relation with soil water status in loess hilly and gully region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(3):435-438.
[29]罗珠珠,牛伊宁,李玲玲,蔡立群,张仁陟,谢军红.陇中黄土高原不同种植年限苜蓿草地土壤水分及产量响应.草业学报,2015, 24(1):31-38.LUO Z Z, NIU Y N, LI L L, CAI L Q, ZHANG R Z, XIE J H. Soil moisture and alfalfa productivity response from different years of growth on the Loess Plateau of central Gansu. Acta Prataculturae Sinica, 2015, 24(1):31-38.
[30]孙剑,李军,王美艳,王学春,方新宇,任晶晶.黄土高原半干旱偏旱区苜蓿-粮食轮作土壤水分恢复效应.农业工程学报,2009,25(6):33-39.SUN J, LI J, WANG M Y, WANG X C, FANG X Y, REN J J. Effects of alfalfa-grain rotation on soil moisture restoration in semiarid and drought-inclined areas of the Loess Plateau. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2009, 25(6):33-39.
[31]王美艳,李军,孙剑,王学春,方新宇,任晶晶.黄土高原半干旱区苜蓿草地土壤干燥化特征与粮草轮作土壤水分恢复效应.生态学报,2009, 29(8):4526-4534.WANG M Y, LI J, SUN J, WANG X C, FANG X Y, REN J J. Soil desiccation characteristics of alfalfa grasslands and soil water restoration effects in alfalfa-grain crop rotations on the semi-arid areas of the Loess Plateau. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2009, 29(8):4526-4534.
© 2004-2018 中国地质图书馆版权所有 京ICP备05064691号 京公网安备11010802017129号 地址：北京市海淀区学院路29号 邮编：100083 电话：办公室：(+86 10)66554848；文献借阅、咨询服务、科技查新：66554700 |