沙漠非传统节事旅游的影响因素及驱动机制——以阿拉善沙漠e族英雄会为例
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摘要
沙漠非传统节事旅游正在兴起,并对地方经济、文化产生深刻影响。以阿拉善沙漠e族英雄会为例,结合问卷调查和地理探测器,探究了沙漠非传统节事游客出游的影响因素及驱动机制,并为沙漠非传统节事旅游的发展提出建议。结果表明:(1)亚文化群体是沙漠非传统节事旅游的主导者,具有亚文化性、团体性、爆发性和跨地域性特征。(2)影响沙漠非传统节事旅游的推力因素依次为社交和休闲>附带出游>求新求异>寻求亚文化归属;拉力因素依次为亚文化主题活动>商品展销>英雄会文化>地域文化,推、拉力驱动因子之间交互作用并呈双因子非线性增强,形成"T(推力)激发旅游需要—L(拉力)催生旅游动机—T、L共同促成旅游行为"的驱动过程。(3)沙漠非传统节事旅游流的产生一般要在推力和拉力的相互作用下经历旅游需要—旅游动机—旅游需求—旅游决策—旅游行为5个阶段。
Festival tourism is an important form of tourism and one of the focuses of academic circles, the content is developing towards a non-traditional trend. As a kind of landscape tourism resources, the desert has a unique attraction to some subcultural groups, which prompting some new festivals to be carried out in the desert area. The rise of non-traditional desert festival tourism has had a profound impact on local economy and culture. Taking the Desert E-clan Hero Association in Alxa as a case, with the help of Geographical Detectors, combining with the SPSS, we explore the influence factors and drive mechanism of non-traditional festival tourism in the desert scenic area. The results showed that:(1) The subculture group was the dominator of desert non-traditional festival tourism, which has the characteristics of subculture, group, explosion and trans-regional.(2) The push factors sequence that affect the desert non-traditional festival tourism successively is: the society and leisure activities>the additional travel>the seeking for new and different things>the subcultural attribution; the pull factors sequence is: the thematic activities of subculture>the commodity sales exhibition>the regional culture>festival subculture. The desert non-traditional festival tourism belongs to the type of push oriented tourism, and push-pull driving factors present interactive state and two-factor enhancement.(3) The emergence of travel currents in desert non-traditional festival tourism was bound to go through five stages: "tourism desire-tourism motivation-tourism demand-tourism decision-making-tourism behavior".
Festival tourism is an important form of tourism and one of the focuses of academic circles, the content is developing towards a non-traditional trend. As a kind of landscape tourism resources, the desert has a unique attraction to some subcultural groups, which prompting some new festivals to be carried out in the desert area. The rise of non-traditional desert festival tourism has had a profound impact on local economy and culture. Taking the Desert E-clan Hero Association in Alxa as a case, with the help of Geographical Detectors, combining with the SPSS, we explore the influence factors and drive mechanism of non-traditional festival tourism in the desert scenic area. The results showed that:(1) The subculture group was the dominator of desert non-traditional festival tourism, which has the characteristics of subculture, group, explosion and trans-regional.(2) The push factors sequence that affect the desert non-traditional festival tourism successively is: the society and leisure activities>the additional travel>the seeking for new and different things>the subcultural attribution; the pull factors sequence is: the thematic activities of subculture>the commodity sales exhibition>the regional culture>festival subculture. The desert non-traditional festival tourism belongs to the type of push oriented tourism, and push-pull driving factors present interactive state and two-factor enhancement.(3) The emergence of travel currents in desert non-traditional festival tourism was bound to go through five stages: "tourism desire-tourism motivation-tourism demand-tourism decision-making-tourism behavior".
引文
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[18] 张冠乐,李陇堂,王艳茹,等.宁夏沙湖景区生态旅游环境容量[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):1153-1161.
[19] 李陇堂,王艳茹,王继霞,等.沙漠型景区客源市场结构与游客行为特征——以宁夏沙坡头为例[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):587-593.
[20] 刘海洋,王乃昂,叶宜好,等.我国沙漠旅游景区客流时空特征与影响因素——以鸣沙山、沙坡头、巴丹吉林为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(3):156-163.
[21] 吴宝清,吴晋峰,刘佳,等.基于网络文本的巴丹吉林沙漠旅游者偏好研究[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):1041-1047.
[22] 波普诺.社会学[M].李强,等,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999.
[23] 孟登迎.“亚文化”概念形成史浅析[J].外国文学,2008(6):93-102,125.
[24] 郑鹏,马耀峰,王洁洁,等.基于“推—拉”理论的美国旅游者旅华流动影响因素研究[J].人文地理,2010,25(5):112-117.
[25] 刘纯.关于旅游行为及其动机的研究[J].沈阳大学学报,1992(增刊1):86,120-122.
[26] 王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
[27] 赵多平,王翠婷,曹兰州.宁夏赴阿拉伯国家出境商务旅游影响因素及机理研究[J].人文地理,2017,32(6):146-153.
[28] 燕七.2017最新版越野e族阿拉善英雄会说明书[EB/OL].(2017-08-20)[2018-04-22].http://event.fblife.com/html/20170820/187060.html.
[29] 阿拉善盟旅游发展委员会.2017年阿拉善旅游发展十件大事[EB/OL].(2018-02-05)[2018-04-22].http://lfw.als.gov.cn/xxgk/lyzx/lyyw/201802/t20180226_49406.html.
[2] 戴光全,保继刚.西方事件及事件旅游研究的概念、内容、方法与启发(上)[J].旅游学刊,2003,18(5):26-34.
[3] Robinson R N S,Clifford C.Authenticity and festival foodservice experiences[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2012,39(2):571-600.
[4] Mariani M M,Giorgio L.The “Pink Night” festival revisited:meta-events and the role of destination partnerships in staging event tourism[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2017,62:89-109.
[5] Gallarza M G.The value of volunteering in special events:a longitudinal study[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2013,40:105-131.
[6] Mason C W.The Banff Indian Days tourism festivals[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2015,53:77-95.
[7] Yolal M,Gursoy D,Uysal M,et al.Impacts of festivals and events on residents’ well-being[J].Annals of Tourism Research,2016,61:1-18.
[8] Hudson S,Roth M S,Madden T J,et al.The effects of social media on emotions,brand relationship quality,and word of mouth:an empirical study of music festival attendees[J].Tourism Management,2015,47:68-76.
[9] Auther.Mintel Music Festival Tourism Worldwide Travel and Tourism Analyst[M].London,UK:Mintel Group Ltd,2013:10.
[10] 周尚意,吴莉萍,张瑞红.浅析节事活动与地方文化空间生产的关系——以北京前门—大栅栏地区节事活动为例[J].地理研究,2015,34(10):1994-2002.
[11] 潘文焰.节事资源旅游产业化的路径与模式研究——基于“人口-产业”分析视角[J].地理与地理信息科学,2015,31(2):104-108.
[12] 戴林琳.乡村节事的发展态势及研究进展[J].旅游学刊,2013,28(6):10-11.
[13] 戴光全,张洁,孙欢.节事活动的新常态[J].旅游学刊,2015,30(1):3-5.
[14] 刘海洋.国外沙漠旅游研究进展与启示[J].世界地理研究,2016,25(2):137-147.
[15] 王艳茹,李陇堂,张冠乐,等.中国沙漠旅游研究现状及展望[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(2):533-539.
[16] 董瑞杰,董治宝,吴晋峰.沙漠生态旅游适宜度评价[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(4):1177-1183.
[17] 董瑞杰,董治宝,曹晓仪.中国沙漠旅游资源空间结构与主体功能分区[J].中国沙漠,2014,34(2):582-589.
[18] 张冠乐,李陇堂,王艳茹,等.宁夏沙湖景区生态旅游环境容量[J].中国沙漠,2016,36(4):1153-1161.
[19] 李陇堂,王艳茹,王继霞,等.沙漠型景区客源市场结构与游客行为特征——以宁夏沙坡头为例[J].中国沙漠,2017,37(3):587-593.
[20] 刘海洋,王乃昂,叶宜好,等.我国沙漠旅游景区客流时空特征与影响因素——以鸣沙山、沙坡头、巴丹吉林为例[J].经济地理,2013,33(3):156-163.
[21] 吴宝清,吴晋峰,刘佳,等.基于网络文本的巴丹吉林沙漠旅游者偏好研究[J].中国沙漠,2015,35(4):1041-1047.
[22] 波普诺.社会学[M].李强,等,译.北京:中国人民大学出版社,1999.
[23] 孟登迎.“亚文化”概念形成史浅析[J].外国文学,2008(6):93-102,125.
[24] 郑鹏,马耀峰,王洁洁,等.基于“推—拉”理论的美国旅游者旅华流动影响因素研究[J].人文地理,2010,25(5):112-117.
[25] 刘纯.关于旅游行为及其动机的研究[J].沈阳大学学报,1992(增刊1):86,120-122.
[26] 王劲峰,徐成东.地理探测器:原理与展望[J].地理学报,2017,72(1):116-134.
[27] 赵多平,王翠婷,曹兰州.宁夏赴阿拉伯国家出境商务旅游影响因素及机理研究[J].人文地理,2017,32(6):146-153.
[28] 燕七.2017最新版越野e族阿拉善英雄会说明书[EB/OL].(2017-08-20)[2018-04-22].http://event.fblife.com/html/20170820/187060.html.
[29] 阿拉善盟旅游发展委员会.2017年阿拉善旅游发展十件大事[EB/OL].(2018-02-05)[2018-04-22].http://lfw.als.gov.cn/xxgk/lyzx/lyyw/201802/t20180226_49406.html.