硅藻土负载羟基铁对土壤镉污染的控制效应
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摘要
以人工模拟的镉污染土壤为研究对象,利用羟基铁对硅藻土实施负载改性;通过进行土壤培养试验,研究铁与土质量比和硅藻土负载羟基铁(Hy Fe-De2)投加量对改良镉污染土壤效果的影响,并使用扫描电镜(SEM)和红外吸收光谱(FTIR)分析改性前、后硅藻土微观形貌与活性基团的变化。结果表明:当铁与土质量比为2∶1时,Hy Fe-De2对土壤镉控制效果最好,土壤可交换态镉含量较对照组减小了27. 2%;随着Hy Fe-De2投加量的增加,土壤可交换态镉含量逐渐减小,土壤p H值逐渐减小,含水率先增大后减小,有机质无明显变化,有效铁和有效锰含量不断提升;当Hy Fe-De2投加量为1. 5%时,Hy Fe-De2对土壤镉的控制效果最好; SEM和FTIR分析表明,羟基铁以絮状体的形式覆盖在硅藻土表面,填充了硅藻土孔隙,大量羟基的引入有效地改善了硅藻土的表面性能;Hy Fe-De2使得土壤可交换态镉含量较对照组减小了34. 4%,较天然硅藻土增加了65. 4%,改良效果显著;Hy Fe-De2通过硅藻土与羟基铁耦合后的吸附作用实现了对土壤中镉的有效固定。
Using the simulated cadmium-polluted soil as research object,the diatomite was modified by hydroxyl iron.Through soil culture test,the influence of iron and soil mass ratio and diatomite load of hydroxyl iron( Hy Fe-De2) on the effect of improving cadmium contaminated soil were studied,and the changes of micromorphology and active groups of diatomite before and after modification were analyzed by SEM and FTIR. The results show that when the iron and soil mass ratio is 2 ∶ 1,Hy Fe-De2 has the best control effect on soil cadmium,and the content of exchangeable soil cadmium decreases by 27. 2% compared with the control group. With the increase of the dosage of Hy Fe-De2,the content of exchangeable cadmium in the soil gradually decreases,the p H value of the soil gradually decreases,and the water content rises first and then decreases. There is no obvious change in the organic matter,and the content of available iron and effective manganese continuously increases. When the dosage of Hy Fe-De2 is 1. 5%,Hy Fe-De2 has the best effect on soil cadmium control. SEM and FTIR analysis show that the surface properties of diatomite are effectively improved by the introduction of a large number of hydroxyl groups. Compared with the control group,the content of exchangeable cadmium in Hy Fe-De2 soil decreases by 34. 4% and increases by 65. 4%,indicating significant improvement effect. Hy Fe-De2 can effectively fix cadmium in soil by adsorption of diatomite coupled with hydroxyl iron.
Using the simulated cadmium-polluted soil as research object,the diatomite was modified by hydroxyl iron.Through soil culture test,the influence of iron and soil mass ratio and diatomite load of hydroxyl iron( Hy Fe-De2) on the effect of improving cadmium contaminated soil were studied,and the changes of micromorphology and active groups of diatomite before and after modification were analyzed by SEM and FTIR. The results show that when the iron and soil mass ratio is 2 ∶ 1,Hy Fe-De2 has the best control effect on soil cadmium,and the content of exchangeable soil cadmium decreases by 27. 2% compared with the control group. With the increase of the dosage of Hy Fe-De2,the content of exchangeable cadmium in the soil gradually decreases,the p H value of the soil gradually decreases,and the water content rises first and then decreases. There is no obvious change in the organic matter,and the content of available iron and effective manganese continuously increases. When the dosage of Hy Fe-De2 is 1. 5%,Hy Fe-De2 has the best effect on soil cadmium control. SEM and FTIR analysis show that the surface properties of diatomite are effectively improved by the introduction of a large number of hydroxyl groups. Compared with the control group,the content of exchangeable cadmium in Hy Fe-De2 soil decreases by 34. 4% and increases by 65. 4%,indicating significant improvement effect. Hy Fe-De2 can effectively fix cadmium in soil by adsorption of diatomite coupled with hydroxyl iron.
引文
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[10]谢运河，纪雄辉，田发祥，等．不同Cd污染特征稻田施用钝化剂对水稻吸收积累Cd的影响[J]．环境工程学报，2017,11(2):1242-1250.
[11]ZHOU H,ZHOU X,ZENG M,et al. Effects of combined amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)planted on contaminated paddy soil.[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2014,101(1):226-232.
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[13]林汲，程琛，韩明强，等．硅藻土有机肥对Cd-Zn复合污染土壤重金属形态和有效性的影响[J]．农业资源与环境科学学报，2014,31(4):366-371.
[14]LI E,ZENG X Y,FAN Y H. Removal of chromium ion(III)from aqueous solution by manganese oxide and microemulsion modified diatomite[J]. Desalination,2009,238(1/2/3):158-165.
[15]彭进平，赖焕然，程高，等．改性硅藻土的制备、表征及其在富营养化水体除磷中的应用[J]．生态环境学报，2010(8):1936-1940.
[2]唐秋香，缪新．土壤镉污染的现状及修复研究进展[J]．环境工程，2013,31(S1):747-750.
[3]王玉军，刘存，周东美，等．客观地看待我国耕地土壤环境质量的现状———关于《全国土壤污染状况调查公报》中有关问题的讨论和建议[J]．农业环境科学学报，2014,33(8):1465-1473.
[4]杨雨中，朱健，肖媛媛，等．Fe-Al改性硅藻土的制备及其对土壤Cd污染固定化效果[J]．环境科学，2018,39(8):3854-3866.
[5]ELSAYED,ELBASTAMY E S. Natural diatomite as an effective adsorbent for heavy metals in water and wastewater treatment(a batch study)[J]. Water Science,2018,32(1):32-43.
[6]朱健，雷明婧，王平，等．聚羟基铝柱撑硅藻土的制备及其对水溶液中Cu2+、Zn2+的吸附特性[J]．环境科学，2016,37(8):3177-3185.
[7]朱健，王平，林艳，等．不同产地硅藻土原位控制土壤镉污染差异效应与机制[J]．环境科学，2016,37(2):717-725.
[8]STUMM W,KUMMERT R,SIGG L. A ligand exchange model for the adsorption of inorganic and organic ligands at hydrous oxide interfaces[J]. Croat Chem Acta,1980,53:292-312.
[9]邹昊辰，张翔宇，李新红，等．羟基铁覆膜硅藻土的制备及除砷实验研究[J]．环境工程，2014(S1):206-209.
[10]谢运河，纪雄辉，田发祥，等．不同Cd污染特征稻田施用钝化剂对水稻吸收积累Cd的影响[J]．环境工程学报，2017,11(2):1242-1250.
[11]ZHOU H,ZHOU X,ZENG M,et al. Effects of combined amendments on heavy metal accumulation in rice(Oryza sativa L.)planted on contaminated paddy soil.[J]. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf,2014,101(1):226-232.
[12]王秀丽，梁成华，马子惠，等．施用磷酸盐和沸石对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J]．环境科学，2015,36(4):1437-1444.
[13]林汲，程琛，韩明强，等．硅藻土有机肥对Cd-Zn复合污染土壤重金属形态和有效性的影响[J]．农业资源与环境科学学报，2014,31(4):366-371.
[14]LI E,ZENG X Y,FAN Y H. Removal of chromium ion(III)from aqueous solution by manganese oxide and microemulsion modified diatomite[J]. Desalination,2009,238(1/2/3):158-165.
[15]彭进平，赖焕然，程高，等．改性硅藻土的制备、表征及其在富营养化水体除磷中的应用[J]．生态环境学报，2010(8):1936-1940.
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