环境污染对城乡收入差距的影响效应分析——理论与实证研究
|
摘要
本文以2004～2017年中国省际面板数据为样本,构建跨期经济模型和面板门槛模型,从理论及实证两方面探讨环境污染对城乡收入差距的作用力。研究结果表明:基于环境的健康效应视角,环境污染显著拉大了城乡收入差距,且以SO_2排放总量和COD排放量分别作为解释变量的计量检验结果是一致的;城乡收入差距具有恶性累积的负外部性,当门槛区间值越高,即期初城乡收入越大时,环境污染对城乡收入差距的扩张效应越强;城镇化、政府行为、产业结构升级等因素也会影响城乡收入差距。因此,在均衡地区经济发展的政策制定中,政府应注重环境污染成本在城乡之间的分配及固有城乡收入差距的改善问题。
Taking the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2017 as the sample,the intertemporal economic model and threshold panel model are constructed to explore the impact of environmental pollution on the urban-rural income gap from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.The results show that:from the perspective of environmental health effect,environmental pollution significantly widens the income gap between urban and rural areas,and the measurement test resulting of SO_2 emissions and COD emissions as explanatory variables are consistent.The urban-rural income gap has the negative externality of vicious accumulation.When the threshold interval value is higher,that is,the initial urban-rural income is higher,the effect of environmental pollution on the expansion of urban-rural income gap is significantly enhanced.Urbanization,government actions,industrial structure upgrading and other factors will also affect the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,in the policy formulation of balanced regional economic development,the government should pay attention to the distribution of environmental pollution costs between urban and rural areas and the improvement of the inherent urban-rural income gap.
Taking the inter-provincial panel data of China from 2004 to 2017 as the sample,the intertemporal economic model and threshold panel model are constructed to explore the impact of environmental pollution on the urban-rural income gap from both theoretical and empirical perspectives.The results show that:from the perspective of environmental health effect,environmental pollution significantly widens the income gap between urban and rural areas,and the measurement test resulting of SO_2 emissions and COD emissions as explanatory variables are consistent.The urban-rural income gap has the negative externality of vicious accumulation.When the threshold interval value is higher,that is,the initial urban-rural income is higher,the effect of environmental pollution on the expansion of urban-rural income gap is significantly enhanced.Urbanization,government actions,industrial structure upgrading and other factors will also affect the urban-rural income gap.Therefore,in the policy formulation of balanced regional economic development,the government should pay attention to the distribution of environmental pollution costs between urban and rural areas and the improvement of the inherent urban-rural income gap.
引文
[1]Boyce J K.Inequality as a Cause of Environmental Degradation[J].Published Studies,1994,11(3):0～178.
[2]Ravallion M.Carbon Emissions and Income Inequality[J].Oxford Economic Papers,2000,52(4):651～669.
[3]Vona F,Patriarca F.Income Inequality and the Development of Environmental Technologies[J].Ecological Economics,2011,70(11):2201～2213.
[4]李健旋,赵林度.金融集聚、生产率增长与城乡收入差距的实证分析——基于动态空间面板模型[J].中国管理科学,2018,(12):34～43.
[5]刘国晖,张如庆.贸易开放如何影响了我国居民收入分配——一个马克思主义的解说[J].经济问题探索,2017,(5):17～23.
[6]魏浩,耿园.对外贸易与中国的城乡收入差距[J].世界经济研究,2015,(7):89～99.
[7]杜健勋.我国城乡发展差距和环境利益分配异化的结构逻辑及演变[J].农业现代化研究,2013,(5):564～568.
[8]王森.城镇化对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2018,(23):110～113.
[9]杨晶,邓大松,申云.产业结构升级、财政支农与城乡居民收入差距[J].经济问题探索,2018,(7):130～137.
[10]王俊,刘东.中国居民收入差距与需求推动下的技术创新[J].中国人口科学,2009,(5):58～67.
[11]杜健勋.我国城乡发展差距和环境利益分配异化的结构逻辑及演变[J].农业现代化研究,2013,(5):564～568.
[12]蒋晴园.收入差距对中国环境污染的影响研究[J].经贸实践,2016,(9):20.
[13]李子豪.收入差距对环境污染的收入门槛效应——理论与实证研究[J].经济问题探索,2017,(3):63～72.
[14]占华.收入差距对环境污染的影响研究——兼对“EKC”假说的再检验[J].经济评论,2018,(6):100～112.
[15]Nam K M,Selin N E,Reilly J M,et al.Measuring Welfare Loss Caused By Air Pollution in Europe:A CGE Analysis[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(9):5059～5071.
[16]Coneus K,Spiess C K.Pollution Exposure and Child Health:Evidence for Infants and Toddlers in Germany[J].Journal of Health Economics,2012,31(1):0～196.
[17]Janke,Katharina.Air Pollution,Avoidance Behaviour and Children's Respiratory Health:Evidence from England[J].Journal of Health Economics,2014,38:23～42.
[18]钟茂初,赵志勇.城乡收入差距扩大会加剧环境破坏吗?——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].经济经纬,2013,(3):125～128.
[19]孙华臣,孙丰凯.城乡收入差距对碳排放影响的经验证据——兼论“公平”何以提升“效率”[J].宏观经济研究,2016,(1):47～58.
[20]黄可人,韦延柒.经济增长、产业结构变迁与城乡居民收入差距——基于PVAR模型的动态分析[J].工业技术经济,2016,35(4):145～152.
[21]钟茂初,孔元,宋树仁.发展追赶过程中收入差距与环境破坏的动态关系——对KC和EKC关系的模型与实证分析[J].软科学,2011,(2):1～6.
[22]苗艳青,陈文晶.空气污染和健康需求:Grossan模型的应用[J].世界经济,2010,(6):140～160.
[23]王森.城镇化对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2018,(23):110～113.
[24]李超,商玉萍.地方财政支出结构对城乡收入差距的影响效应——基于经济发展水平高低的分组比较[J].西安财经学院学报,2018,(5):5～12.
[25]盛鹏飞.环境污染与城乡收入差距:作用机制与基于中国经济事实的检验[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,(10):56～63.
[26]王俊,刘东.中国居民收入差距与需求推动下的技术创新[J].中国人口科学,2009,(5):58～67.
[27]李亮.产业结构、二元经济结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响研究[J].统计与决策,2014,(18):103～106.
[28]高霞.产业结构变动与城乡收入差距关系的协整分析[J].数学的实践与认识,2011,(12):120～128.
[29]苗艳青,陈文晶.空气污染和健康需求:Grossan模型的应用[J].世界经济,2010,(6):140～160.
[2]Ravallion M.Carbon Emissions and Income Inequality[J].Oxford Economic Papers,2000,52(4):651～669.
[3]Vona F,Patriarca F.Income Inequality and the Development of Environmental Technologies[J].Ecological Economics,2011,70(11):2201～2213.
[4]李健旋,赵林度.金融集聚、生产率增长与城乡收入差距的实证分析——基于动态空间面板模型[J].中国管理科学,2018,(12):34～43.
[5]刘国晖,张如庆.贸易开放如何影响了我国居民收入分配——一个马克思主义的解说[J].经济问题探索,2017,(5):17～23.
[6]魏浩,耿园.对外贸易与中国的城乡收入差距[J].世界经济研究,2015,(7):89～99.
[7]杜健勋.我国城乡发展差距和环境利益分配异化的结构逻辑及演变[J].农业现代化研究,2013,(5):564～568.
[8]王森.城镇化对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2018,(23):110～113.
[9]杨晶,邓大松,申云.产业结构升级、财政支农与城乡居民收入差距[J].经济问题探索,2018,(7):130～137.
[10]王俊,刘东.中国居民收入差距与需求推动下的技术创新[J].中国人口科学,2009,(5):58～67.
[11]杜健勋.我国城乡发展差距和环境利益分配异化的结构逻辑及演变[J].农业现代化研究,2013,(5):564～568.
[12]蒋晴园.收入差距对中国环境污染的影响研究[J].经贸实践,2016,(9):20.
[13]李子豪.收入差距对环境污染的收入门槛效应——理论与实证研究[J].经济问题探索,2017,(3):63～72.
[14]占华.收入差距对环境污染的影响研究——兼对“EKC”假说的再检验[J].经济评论,2018,(6):100～112.
[15]Nam K M,Selin N E,Reilly J M,et al.Measuring Welfare Loss Caused By Air Pollution in Europe:A CGE Analysis[J].Energy Policy,2010,38(9):5059～5071.
[16]Coneus K,Spiess C K.Pollution Exposure and Child Health:Evidence for Infants and Toddlers in Germany[J].Journal of Health Economics,2012,31(1):0～196.
[17]Janke,Katharina.Air Pollution,Avoidance Behaviour and Children's Respiratory Health:Evidence from England[J].Journal of Health Economics,2014,38:23～42.
[18]钟茂初,赵志勇.城乡收入差距扩大会加剧环境破坏吗?——基于中国省级面板数据的实证分析[J].经济经纬,2013,(3):125～128.
[19]孙华臣,孙丰凯.城乡收入差距对碳排放影响的经验证据——兼论“公平”何以提升“效率”[J].宏观经济研究,2016,(1):47～58.
[20]黄可人,韦延柒.经济增长、产业结构变迁与城乡居民收入差距——基于PVAR模型的动态分析[J].工业技术经济,2016,35(4):145～152.
[21]钟茂初,孔元,宋树仁.发展追赶过程中收入差距与环境破坏的动态关系——对KC和EKC关系的模型与实证分析[J].软科学,2011,(2):1～6.
[22]苗艳青,陈文晶.空气污染和健康需求:Grossan模型的应用[J].世界经济,2010,(6):140～160.
[23]王森.城镇化对城乡收入差距影响的实证研究[J].统计与决策,2018,(23):110～113.
[24]李超,商玉萍.地方财政支出结构对城乡收入差距的影响效应——基于经济发展水平高低的分组比较[J].西安财经学院学报,2018,(5):5～12.
[25]盛鹏飞.环境污染与城乡收入差距:作用机制与基于中国经济事实的检验[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2017,(10):56～63.
[26]王俊,刘东.中国居民收入差距与需求推动下的技术创新[J].中国人口科学,2009,(5):58～67.
[27]李亮.产业结构、二元经济结构变迁对城乡收入差距的影响研究[J].统计与决策,2014,(18):103～106.
[28]高霞.产业结构变动与城乡收入差距关系的协整分析[J].数学的实践与认识,2011,(12):120～128.
[29]苗艳青,陈文晶.空气污染和健康需求:Grossan模型的应用[J].世界经济,2010,(6):140～160.