饲用油脂品质初步调查分析
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摘要
目的以油脂中脂肪酸含量和极性成分为依据,用气相色谱法和快速筛查试剂盒对饲料用油脂品质进行初步分析。方法取自国内饲料企业的280份饲料用油脂样品,包括猪油、鸭油、鸡油、大豆油、大豆磷脂油、玉米油、米糠油、棕榈油等动植物油脂和未知种类的油脂,与自制或采购标准的动物油脂和植物油脂,进行脂肪酸种类、含量和极性成分的测定,对其品质作出初步判定。结果脂肪酸分析结果证明,动物油样品和植物油样品中的部分脂肪酸成分含量均发生不同程度的降低或增高;极性成分检测的83个样品中,其中标准值为0.1,极性成分吸光值在0.147～0.947的样品占55个,阳性率达66.26%。结论未知类型样品超过半数为不合格样品;未知油脂样品脂肪酸组成不符合单一油脂比值范围,推断可能为混合油脂。根据极性成分含量高低不同,判断部分样品可能为复炸油。
Objective Based on the fatty acid content and polar components in oils and fats, to analyze the quality of feed oils and fats by gas chromatography and rapid screening kit. Methods Total of 280 samples of animal and vegetable oils, including lard, duck oil, chicken oil, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, and some unknown oils were collected from domestic market. The kinds, content and polar components of fatty acids were determined by comparison with standard or self-made animal and vegetable oils, and their qualities were preliminarily determined. Results Fatty acid analysis results showed that the content of some fatty acids from both animal and vegetable oil samples decreased or increased to some extent. Among the 83 samples tested for polar components, the standard value was 0.1, and 55 samples with the absorbance value between 0.147 and 0.947 had positive rate of 66.26%. Conclusion More than half of the samples of unknown type are unqualified samples. The composition of fatty acids in unknown oil samples does not conform to the single oil ratio range, so it is inferred that they may be mixed oils. According to the different content of polar components, some oil samples may be from used frying oil.
Objective Based on the fatty acid content and polar components in oils and fats, to analyze the quality of feed oils and fats by gas chromatography and rapid screening kit. Methods Total of 280 samples of animal and vegetable oils, including lard, duck oil, chicken oil, soybean oil, soybean phospholipid oil, corn oil, rice bran oil, palm oil, and some unknown oils were collected from domestic market. The kinds, content and polar components of fatty acids were determined by comparison with standard or self-made animal and vegetable oils, and their qualities were preliminarily determined. Results Fatty acid analysis results showed that the content of some fatty acids from both animal and vegetable oil samples decreased or increased to some extent. Among the 83 samples tested for polar components, the standard value was 0.1, and 55 samples with the absorbance value between 0.147 and 0.947 had positive rate of 66.26%. Conclusion More than half of the samples of unknown type are unqualified samples. The composition of fatty acids in unknown oil samples does not conform to the single oil ratio range, so it is inferred that they may be mixed oils. According to the different content of polar components, some oil samples may be from used frying oil.
引文
[1]Rui H,Ting H,Zhao WZ,et al.Safety analysis of edible oil products via Raman spectroscopy[J].Talanta,2019,(191):324-332.
[2]王同珍,陈孝建,安爱,等.气相色谱-质谱技术结合化学计量学对5种动物油进行判别分析[J].分析测试学报,2016,(5):557-562.Wang TZ,Chen XJ,An A,et al.Discriminant analysis of five animal oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics[J].J Instrum Anal,2016,(5):557-562.
[3]仇海瑀,薛敏,李军国,等.我国饲料用混合油脂潜在安全隐患分析[J].饲料工业,2011,(12):61-64.Qiu HY,Xue M,Li JG,et al.Potential safety hazard analysis of mixed oil for feed in China[J].Feed Ind,2011,(12):61-64.
[4]管武太.油脂在母猪饲粮中的应用研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2014,(10):3071-3081.Guan WT.Research progress of fat application in sow diet[J].J Anim Nutr,2014,(10):3071-3081.
[5]刘东风.棕榈油中脂肪酸组成的气相色谱-质谱分析[J].福建轻纺,2018,(1):47-50.Liu DF.Analysis of fatty acid composition in palm oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Fujian Textile,2018,(1):47-50.
[6]黄朦倩,陈欢,万重,等.大豆油煎炸过程中极性组分和非极性组分中脂肪酸组成的研究[J].中国油脂,2018,(9):23-29.Huang MQ,Chen H,Wan Z,et al.Fatty acid composition in polar and non-polar components of soybean oil during frying[J].China Oils Fats,2018,(9):23-29.
[7]吴卫国,刘真知,彭思敏,等.基于特征脂肪酸及脂肪酸比值的食用植物油掺假判别[J].食品科学,2013,(16):270-273.Wu WG,Liu ZZ,Peng SM,et al.Identification of adulteration of edible vegetable oil based on the ratio of characteristic fatty acids to fatty acids[J].Food Sci,2013,(16):270-273.
[8]梁晓涵,陈瑞霞,王丹.食用油脂中37种脂肪酸和16种反式脂肪酸的气相色谱分离及测定[J].热带农业科学,2018,(9):82-89.Liang XH,Chen RX,Wang D.Separation and determination of 37 fatty acids and 16 trans fatty acids in edible oils and fats by gas chromatography[J].Chin J Tropical Agric,2018,38(9):82-89.
[9]王松霞.大豆油脂浸出和精炼工艺研究[J].粮食科技与经济,2018,7(43):81-83.Wang SX.Soybean oil extraction and refining technology[J].Food Sci Technol Econ[J].2018,7(43):81-83.
[10]陈卫强,严家俊.气相色谱法测定五种食用植物油中的饱和脂肪酸[J].广东化工,2016,(5):165-166.Chen WQ,Yan JJ.Determination of saturated fatty acids in five edible vegetable oils by gas chromatography[J].Guangdong Chem Ind,2016,(5):165-166.
[11]井银成,范璐,杨国龙,等.基于脂肪酸分析识别猪油和鸡油[J].河南工业大学学报,2011,(6):40-44.Jing YC,Fan L,Yang GL,et al.Identification of lard and chicken oil based on fatty acid analysis[J].J Henan Univ Technol,2011,(6):40-44.
[12]李静,王永,杨耀东,等.棕榈油与常见食用油脂肪酸组分的比较分析[J].南方农业学报,2016,(12):2124-2128.Li J,Wang Y,Yang YD,et al.Comparative analysis of fatty acids in palm oil and common edible oils[J].Southern J Agric,2016,(12):2124-2128.
[13]GB 19112-2003中华人民共和国国家标准米糠油[S].GB 19112-2003 National standard of the People's Republic of China-Rice bran oil[S].
[14]GB 15680-2009中华人民共和国国家标准棕榈油[S].GB 15680-2009 National standard of the People's Republic of China-Palm oil[S].
[15]GB 19111-2017中华人民共和国国家标准玉米油[S].GB 19111-2017 National standard of the People's Republic of China-Corn oil[S].
[16]GB 1535-2017中华人民共和国国家标准大豆油[S].GB 1535-2017 National standard of the People's Republic of ChinaSoybean oil[S].
[2]王同珍,陈孝建,安爱,等.气相色谱-质谱技术结合化学计量学对5种动物油进行判别分析[J].分析测试学报,2016,(5):557-562.Wang TZ,Chen XJ,An A,et al.Discriminant analysis of five animal oils by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with chemometrics[J].J Instrum Anal,2016,(5):557-562.
[3]仇海瑀,薛敏,李军国,等.我国饲料用混合油脂潜在安全隐患分析[J].饲料工业,2011,(12):61-64.Qiu HY,Xue M,Li JG,et al.Potential safety hazard analysis of mixed oil for feed in China[J].Feed Ind,2011,(12):61-64.
[4]管武太.油脂在母猪饲粮中的应用研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2014,(10):3071-3081.Guan WT.Research progress of fat application in sow diet[J].J Anim Nutr,2014,(10):3071-3081.
[5]刘东风.棕榈油中脂肪酸组成的气相色谱-质谱分析[J].福建轻纺,2018,(1):47-50.Liu DF.Analysis of fatty acid composition in palm oil by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry[J].Fujian Textile,2018,(1):47-50.
[6]黄朦倩,陈欢,万重,等.大豆油煎炸过程中极性组分和非极性组分中脂肪酸组成的研究[J].中国油脂,2018,(9):23-29.Huang MQ,Chen H,Wan Z,et al.Fatty acid composition in polar and non-polar components of soybean oil during frying[J].China Oils Fats,2018,(9):23-29.
[7]吴卫国,刘真知,彭思敏,等.基于特征脂肪酸及脂肪酸比值的食用植物油掺假判别[J].食品科学,2013,(16):270-273.Wu WG,Liu ZZ,Peng SM,et al.Identification of adulteration of edible vegetable oil based on the ratio of characteristic fatty acids to fatty acids[J].Food Sci,2013,(16):270-273.
[8]梁晓涵,陈瑞霞,王丹.食用油脂中37种脂肪酸和16种反式脂肪酸的气相色谱分离及测定[J].热带农业科学,2018,(9):82-89.Liang XH,Chen RX,Wang D.Separation and determination of 37 fatty acids and 16 trans fatty acids in edible oils and fats by gas chromatography[J].Chin J Tropical Agric,2018,38(9):82-89.
[9]王松霞.大豆油脂浸出和精炼工艺研究[J].粮食科技与经济,2018,7(43):81-83.Wang SX.Soybean oil extraction and refining technology[J].Food Sci Technol Econ[J].2018,7(43):81-83.
[10]陈卫强,严家俊.气相色谱法测定五种食用植物油中的饱和脂肪酸[J].广东化工,2016,(5):165-166.Chen WQ,Yan JJ.Determination of saturated fatty acids in five edible vegetable oils by gas chromatography[J].Guangdong Chem Ind,2016,(5):165-166.
[11]井银成,范璐,杨国龙,等.基于脂肪酸分析识别猪油和鸡油[J].河南工业大学学报,2011,(6):40-44.Jing YC,Fan L,Yang GL,et al.Identification of lard and chicken oil based on fatty acid analysis[J].J Henan Univ Technol,2011,(6):40-44.
[12]李静,王永,杨耀东,等.棕榈油与常见食用油脂肪酸组分的比较分析[J].南方农业学报,2016,(12):2124-2128.Li J,Wang Y,Yang YD,et al.Comparative analysis of fatty acids in palm oil and common edible oils[J].Southern J Agric,2016,(12):2124-2128.
[13]GB 19112-2003中华人民共和国国家标准米糠油[S].GB 19112-2003 National standard of the People's Republic of China-Rice bran oil[S].
[14]GB 15680-2009中华人民共和国国家标准棕榈油[S].GB 15680-2009 National standard of the People's Republic of China-Palm oil[S].
[15]GB 19111-2017中华人民共和国国家标准玉米油[S].GB 19111-2017 National standard of the People's Republic of China-Corn oil[S].
[16]GB 1535-2017中华人民共和国国家标准大豆油[S].GB 1535-2017 National standard of the People's Republic of ChinaSoybean oil[S].
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