我国农村多维贫困的空间分布特征及影响因素分析——基于31省的多维贫困测度
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摘要
为探究我国农村多维贫困的空间分布特征和影响因素,选取31省农村居民消费的8个维度,运用ELES方法测算出基本需求支出份额,建立多维贫困测度模型,进而计算出各地区不同维度的相对贫困指数和各地区多维贫困指数,并着重分析了东、中、西部三大地带的贫困空间分布特征,结果显示各区域的相对贫困指数与多维贫困指数都呈现出"西部最高,中部次之,东部最低"的空间梯度分布。在此基础上,进一步探讨了影响农村居民多维贫困空间格局的主次因素,对影响机理进行了实证分析。结果表明:在一个区域农民收入水平越高、非农收入占比越大、文化教育程度越高,则区域总体贫困程度越轻。因此增加农村居民收入,尤其是工资性收入比重,加大农村文化教育的投入力度,提高他们的文化教育水平,有助于改善农村贫困问题。
In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural multidimensional poverty in China,eight dimensions of rural residents' consumption in 31 provinces were selected.ELES method was used to calculate the basic demand expenditure share and a multidimensional poverty measurement model was then established to calculate the relative poverty index of dimensions and the multidimensional poverty index in different regions.This study focused on the analysis of poverty spatial distribution characteristics in eastern,central and western regions.The results showed that the relative poverty index and multidimensional poverty index spatial gradient distribution of all regions showing the same feature,which was the highest in the west,the second in the middle,and the lowest in the east.On this basis,this study went further by exploring in the primary and secondary factors affecting the multidimensional poverty spatial pattern of rural residents,and conducting empirically analyze for impact mechanism.The results showed that the higher the income level of farmers in a region,the greater the proportion of non-agricultural income was,and the higher the level of cultural education,the lighter the overall poverty in the region was.In conclusion,increasing the income of rural residents,especially the proportion of wage income,strengthening the investment in rural cultural education,and promoting their cultural and educational level,would help improve the rural poverty.
In order to explore the spatial distribution characteristics and influencing factors of rural multidimensional poverty in China,eight dimensions of rural residents' consumption in 31 provinces were selected.ELES method was used to calculate the basic demand expenditure share and a multidimensional poverty measurement model was then established to calculate the relative poverty index of dimensions and the multidimensional poverty index in different regions.This study focused on the analysis of poverty spatial distribution characteristics in eastern,central and western regions.The results showed that the relative poverty index and multidimensional poverty index spatial gradient distribution of all regions showing the same feature,which was the highest in the west,the second in the middle,and the lowest in the east.On this basis,this study went further by exploring in the primary and secondary factors affecting the multidimensional poverty spatial pattern of rural residents,and conducting empirically analyze for impact mechanism.The results showed that the higher the income level of farmers in a region,the greater the proportion of non-agricultural income was,and the higher the level of cultural education,the lighter the overall poverty in the region was.In conclusion,increasing the income of rural residents,especially the proportion of wage income,strengthening the investment in rural cultural education,and promoting their cultural and educational level,would help improve the rural poverty.
引文
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[12] 巩师恩.收入结构、消费结构与恩格尔定律:基于中国农村居民的实证研究[J].社会科学研究,2013(6):27-31Kong S E.Income structure,consumption structure and Engle’s law:An empirical study based on Chinese rural residents[J].Social Science Research,2013(6):27-31 (in Chinese)
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[14] 赵雪雁,马艳艳,陈欢欢,高志玉,薛冰.干旱区内陆河流域农村多维贫困的时空格局及影响因素:以石羊河流域为例[J].经济地理,2018,38(2):140-147Zhao X Y,Ma Y Y,Chen H H,Gao Z Y,Xue B.Spatio-temporal distribution of rural multidimensional poverty and influencing factors in the inland river basin of arid areas:A case study of Shiyang river basin[J].Economic Geography,2018,38(2):140-147 (in Chinese)
[15] 江克忠,刘生龙.收入结构、收入不平等与农村家庭贫困[J].中国农村经济,2017(8):75-90Jiang K Z,Liu S L.Income structure,income inequality and rural family poverty[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2017(8):75-90 (in Chinese)
[16] 刘修岩,章元,贺小海.教育与消除农村贫困:基于上海市农户调查数据的实证研究[J].中国农村经济,2007(10):61-68Liu X Y,Zhang Y,He X H.Education and the elimination of rural poverty:Empiracal research based on survey data of farmers in Shanghai[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2007(10):61-68 (in Chinese)
[17] 周艳,侯石安,胡联.财政专项扶贫的减贫效应分析:基于农村居民收入分组数据的实证检验[J].财贸研究,2018,29(7):55-66Zhou Y,Hou S A,Hu L.Analysis of rural poverty reduction effect of fiscal special funds for poverty alleviation:An empirical analysis based on the grouping data of rural residents’ income[J].Finance and Trade Research,2018,29(7):55-66 (in Chinese)
[18] 曲玮,涂勤,牛叔文,胡苗.自然地理环境的贫困效应检验:自然地理条件对农村贫困影响的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(2):21-34Qu W,Tu Q,Niu S W,Hu M.Poverty effect test of natural geographical environmrnt[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2012(2):21-34 (in Chinese)
[19] 李芙蓉.增加农民收入扩大农村消费需求:美国的经验及我国的现实选择[J].特区经济,2011(5):176-178Li F R.Increasing farmers’income and expanding rural consumption demand:American experience and China’s realistic chioce[J].Special Zone Economy,2011(5):176-178 (in Chinese)
[20] 温涛,孟兆亮.我国农村居民消费结构演化研究[J].农业技术经济,2012(7):4-14Wen T,Meng Z L.Research on the evolution of rural residents’ consumption structure[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2012(7);4-14 (in Chinese)
[21] 温涛,田纪华,王小华.农民收入结构对消费结构的总体影响与区域差异研究[J].中国软科学,2013(3):42-52Wen T,Tian J H,Wang X H.Research on the effect of farmers’ income structure on the overall consumption structure and regional difference[J].China Soft Science,2013(3):42-52 (in Chinese)
[22] 王春超,叶琴.中国农民工多维贫困的演进:基于收入与教育维度的考察[J].经济研究,2014,49(12):159-174Wang C C,Ye Q.Evolution on the multi-dimensional poverty of Chinese rural migrant workers:Based on the dimension of income and education[J].Economic Research Journal,2014,49(12):159-174 (in Chinese)
[23] 王谦,李超,侯建国.我国财政支农支出对农村居民消费的影响效应:基于1995-2015年分省面板数据的实证分析[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(6):104-111Wang Q,Li C,Hou J G.The effect of fiscal agriculture expenditures on rural residents’ consumption:Based on the panel data of 28 provinces and cities of China from 1995 to 2015[J].Review of Economy and Management,2017,33(6):104-111 (in Chinese)
[24] 任慧子,曹小曙.隐藏性乡村贫困空间探析:以广东省连州市为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(5):955-963Ren H Z,Cao X S.The invisibility characteristic of rural poverty space:A case study of Lianzhou[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(5):955-963 (in Chinese)
[2] Park A,Wang S G,Wu G B.Regional poverty targeting in China[J].Journal of Public Economics,2002,86(1):123-153
[3] Labar K,Bresson F.A multidimensional analysis of poverty in China from 1991 to 2006[J].China Economic Review,2011,22(4):646-668
[4] Tsui K Y.Multidimensional poverty indices[J].Social Choice and Welfare,2002,19(1):69-93
[5] 汪三贵,Park A,Chaudhuri S,Datt G.中国新时期农村扶贫与村级贫困瞄准[J].管理世界,2007(1):56-64Wang S G,Park A,Chaudhuri S,Datt G.China’s rural poverty alleviation and village-level poverty targeting in new era[J].Management World,2007(1):56-64 (in Chinese)
[6] 阿玛蒂亚·森.以自由看待发展[M].北京:中国人民大学出版社,2009Sen A.Development as freedom[M].Beijing:China Renmin University Press,2009 (in Chinese)
[7] 高艳云,马瑜.多维贫困测度方法比较及其展望[J].兰州商学院学报,2014,30(4):108-113Gao Y Y,Ma Y.The review on multi-dimensional poverty measurement[J].Journal of Lanzhou Commercial College,2014,30(4):108-113 (in Chinese)
[8] 孙秀玲,田国英,潘云,张振,张文丽.中国农村居民贫困测度研究:基于山西的调查分析[J].经济问题,2012(4):79-84Sun X L,Tian G Y,Pan Y,Zhang Z,Zhang W L.Research on rural poverty measurement in China:Based the data of Shanxi province[J].On Economic Problems,2012(4):79-84 (in Chinese)
[9] 侯石安,谢玲.贵州农村贫困程度及其影响因素分析:基于2001—2012年贵州农村FGT贫困指数的多维测度[J].贵州社会科学,2014(7):122-126Hou S A,Xie L.Analysis of rural poverty level and its influencing factors in Guizhou[J].Guizhou Social Sciences,2014(7):122-126 (in Chinese)
[10] 杨慧敏,罗庆,李小建,高更和.生态敏感区农户多维贫困测度及影响因素分析:以河南省淅川县3个村为例[J].经济地理,2016,36(10):137-144Yang H M,Luo Q,Li X J,Gao G H.Multidimensional poverty measurement and influencing factor analysis at the households scale of the ecological sensitive area:A case study on three villages of Xichuan County in Henan Province[J].Economic Geography,2016,36(10):137-144 (in Chinese)
[11] 杨振,江琪,刘会敏,王晓霞.中国农村居民多维贫困测度与空间格局[J].经济地理,2015,35(12):148-153Yang Z,Jiang Q,Liu H M,Wang X X.Multi-dimensional poverty measure and spatial pattern of China’s rural residents[J].Economic Geography,2015,35(12):148-153 (in Chinese)
[12] 巩师恩.收入结构、消费结构与恩格尔定律:基于中国农村居民的实证研究[J].社会科学研究,2013(6):27-31Kong S E.Income structure,consumption structure and Engle’s law:An empirical study based on Chinese rural residents[J].Social Science Research,2013(6):27-31 (in Chinese)
[13] Lluch C.The extended linear expenditure system[J].European Economic Review,1973,4(1):21-32
[14] 赵雪雁,马艳艳,陈欢欢,高志玉,薛冰.干旱区内陆河流域农村多维贫困的时空格局及影响因素:以石羊河流域为例[J].经济地理,2018,38(2):140-147Zhao X Y,Ma Y Y,Chen H H,Gao Z Y,Xue B.Spatio-temporal distribution of rural multidimensional poverty and influencing factors in the inland river basin of arid areas:A case study of Shiyang river basin[J].Economic Geography,2018,38(2):140-147 (in Chinese)
[15] 江克忠,刘生龙.收入结构、收入不平等与农村家庭贫困[J].中国农村经济,2017(8):75-90Jiang K Z,Liu S L.Income structure,income inequality and rural family poverty[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2017(8):75-90 (in Chinese)
[16] 刘修岩,章元,贺小海.教育与消除农村贫困:基于上海市农户调查数据的实证研究[J].中国农村经济,2007(10):61-68Liu X Y,Zhang Y,He X H.Education and the elimination of rural poverty:Empiracal research based on survey data of farmers in Shanghai[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2007(10):61-68 (in Chinese)
[17] 周艳,侯石安,胡联.财政专项扶贫的减贫效应分析:基于农村居民收入分组数据的实证检验[J].财贸研究,2018,29(7):55-66Zhou Y,Hou S A,Hu L.Analysis of rural poverty reduction effect of fiscal special funds for poverty alleviation:An empirical analysis based on the grouping data of rural residents’ income[J].Finance and Trade Research,2018,29(7):55-66 (in Chinese)
[18] 曲玮,涂勤,牛叔文,胡苗.自然地理环境的贫困效应检验:自然地理条件对农村贫困影响的实证分析[J].中国农村经济,2012(2):21-34Qu W,Tu Q,Niu S W,Hu M.Poverty effect test of natural geographical environmrnt[J].Chinese Rural Economy,2012(2):21-34 (in Chinese)
[19] 李芙蓉.增加农民收入扩大农村消费需求:美国的经验及我国的现实选择[J].特区经济,2011(5):176-178Li F R.Increasing farmers’income and expanding rural consumption demand:American experience and China’s realistic chioce[J].Special Zone Economy,2011(5):176-178 (in Chinese)
[20] 温涛,孟兆亮.我国农村居民消费结构演化研究[J].农业技术经济,2012(7):4-14Wen T,Meng Z L.Research on the evolution of rural residents’ consumption structure[J].Journal of Agrotechnical Economics,2012(7);4-14 (in Chinese)
[21] 温涛,田纪华,王小华.农民收入结构对消费结构的总体影响与区域差异研究[J].中国软科学,2013(3):42-52Wen T,Tian J H,Wang X H.Research on the effect of farmers’ income structure on the overall consumption structure and regional difference[J].China Soft Science,2013(3):42-52 (in Chinese)
[22] 王春超,叶琴.中国农民工多维贫困的演进:基于收入与教育维度的考察[J].经济研究,2014,49(12):159-174Wang C C,Ye Q.Evolution on the multi-dimensional poverty of Chinese rural migrant workers:Based on the dimension of income and education[J].Economic Research Journal,2014,49(12):159-174 (in Chinese)
[23] 王谦,李超,侯建国.我国财政支农支出对农村居民消费的影响效应:基于1995-2015年分省面板数据的实证分析[J].经济与管理评论,2017,33(6):104-111Wang Q,Li C,Hou J G.The effect of fiscal agriculture expenditures on rural residents’ consumption:Based on the panel data of 28 provinces and cities of China from 1995 to 2015[J].Review of Economy and Management,2017,33(6):104-111 (in Chinese)
[24] 任慧子,曹小曙.隐藏性乡村贫困空间探析:以广东省连州市为例[J].地理研究,2012,31(5):955-963Ren H Z,Cao X S.The invisibility characteristic of rural poverty space:A case study of Lianzhou[J].Geographical Research,2012,31(5):955-963 (in Chinese)