医疗建筑中低放射性污水处理设计探讨
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摘要
随着医疗建筑核医学的发展,低放射性污水处理的设计问题凸显。从设计的角度,分析了低放射性污水的辐射污染源、水质和排水量、污水处理的流程、衰变池的形式与容积计算以及辐射安全与防护。就衰变池形式、衰变池的布局与构造、管道的辐射防护等设计中存在的问题进行探讨。针对医疗建筑中辐射污水的特点,提出了工程适宜的处理工艺流程,解决了化粪池的作用问题。基于衰变池计算的半衰期和衰变公式,研究给出了连续式衰变池和间隙式衰变池的容积计算公式,形成了具有一定普遍意义的设计方法。提出了衰变池的辐射防护概念,建议采用钢筋混凝土结构,并外包裹铅板全覆盖。比较了2种衰变池的特点和适用性,明确了2种衰变池的布局和构造要求,并总结了给排水管道在辐射防护方面的要求。
With the development of nuclear medicine in medical buildings,the design problem of low radioactive sewage treatment emerge.From the point of view of design,the sources of radiation pollution,water quality and quantity,the process of sewage treatment,the form and volumn calculation of decay pool and radiation safety and protection are analyzed.Thr problems existing in the design of decay pool form,layout and structure,and radiation protection of pipeline are discussed.In view of the characteristics of radiated sewage in medical buildings,the appropriate treatment process is put forward to solve the problem of septic tank.Based on the half-life and decay formulas of decay pool calculation,the volume calculation formulas of continuous decay pool and gap decay pool are studied and given,and a general design method is formed.The concept of radiation protection for decay pool is put forward.It is suggested that reinforced concrete structure should be adopted and covered with lead plate.The characteristics and applicability of the two kinds of decay pools are compared.The layout and construction requirements of the two kinds of decay pools are defined.Some requirements for radiation protection of water supply and drainage pipelines are also pointed out.
With the development of nuclear medicine in medical buildings,the design problem of low radioactive sewage treatment emerge.From the point of view of design,the sources of radiation pollution,water quality and quantity,the process of sewage treatment,the form and volumn calculation of decay pool and radiation safety and protection are analyzed.Thr problems existing in the design of decay pool form,layout and structure,and radiation protection of pipeline are discussed.In view of the characteristics of radiated sewage in medical buildings,the appropriate treatment process is put forward to solve the problem of septic tank.Based on the half-life and decay formulas of decay pool calculation,the volume calculation formulas of continuous decay pool and gap decay pool are studied and given,and a general design method is formed.The concept of radiation protection for decay pool is put forward.It is suggested that reinforced concrete structure should be adopted and covered with lead plate.The characteristics and applicability of the two kinds of decay pools are compared.The layout and construction requirements of the two kinds of decay pools are defined.Some requirements for radiation protection of water supply and drainage pipelines are also pointed out.
引文
[1]吴宜灿．辐射安全与防护[M]．合肥：中国科学技术大学出版社，2017.
[2]王建龙，何仕均．辐射防护基础教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2012.
[3]李德平，潘自强．辐射防护手册第三分册-辐射安全[M]．北京：原子能出版社，1990.
[4] HJ 2029-2013医院污水处理工程技术规范[S].
[5] GB 9133-1995放射性废物的分类[S].
[6] GB 18871-2002电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准[S].
[7] GB 18466-2005医疗机构水污染物排放标准[S].
[8] GBZ 120-2002临床核医学卫生防护标准[S].
[9] GBZ 133-2009医用放射性废物的卫生防护管理[S].
[10] GB 14500-2002放射性废物管理规定[S].
[11]萧正辉，马世豪．医院污水处理技术[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993.
[12]姚小明．医院放射性废水衰变池的改进设计[J]．河北化工，2007,30(9):33-36.
[13]于夕荣，赵鹏，李连波，等．医院放射性污水处理系统及其自动控制方法的研制[J]．预防医学论坛，2008,14(2):102-104.
[2]王建龙，何仕均．辐射防护基础教程[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2012.
[3]李德平，潘自强．辐射防护手册第三分册-辐射安全[M]．北京：原子能出版社，1990.
[4] HJ 2029-2013医院污水处理工程技术规范[S].
[5] GB 9133-1995放射性废物的分类[S].
[6] GB 18871-2002电离辐射防护与辐射源安全基本标准[S].
[7] GB 18466-2005医疗机构水污染物排放标准[S].
[8] GBZ 120-2002临床核医学卫生防护标准[S].
[9] GBZ 133-2009医用放射性废物的卫生防护管理[S].
[10] GB 14500-2002放射性废物管理规定[S].
[11]萧正辉，马世豪．医院污水处理技术[M]．北京：中国建筑工业出版社，1993.
[12]姚小明．医院放射性废水衰变池的改进设计[J]．河北化工，2007,30(9):33-36.
[13]于夕荣，赵鹏，李连波，等．医院放射性污水处理系统及其自动控制方法的研制[J]．预防医学论坛，2008,14(2):102-104.
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