基于代谢理论的城市化—水资源系统协同演化研究
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摘要
城市代谢是物质、能量投入并且产生经济、环境产出的过程,能够有效解析城市化—水资源系统之间复杂的耦合交互作用。基于城市代谢理论,将城市化—水资源系统代谢过程分解为同化过程和异化过程,并采用DEA模型研究了珠江三角洲近15年来城市化—水资源系统同化、异化效率,对珠江三角洲城市化—水资源系统协同演化情况进行分析,指出其发展中存在的问题及未来发展的方向。研究表明:(1)对比同化效率,近15年来珠江三角洲异化效率保持在较高水平,城市化对水资源系统的输出扰动作用明显。(2)珠江三角洲城镇化率,经济水平和消费水平在提高水资源利用效率的前提下还有很大的提高空间。在未来发展过程中,珠江三角洲的城市化发展应该从提高技术水平方面去入手,而非一味地增加资源投入。
Urban metabolism is the process of inputs of material and energy as well as economic and environmental outputs,which can be used to analyze the interactive coupling relationship between urbanization-water resources systems.Based on the urban metabolism,this paper divided the metabolic processes of urbanization-water resources system into assimilation processes and dissimilation processes.A DEA model was applied to evaluate the assimilation efficiency and dissimilation efficiency of urbanizationwater resources system in the Pearl River Delta over recent 15 years.Then,the co-evolution between urbanization-water resources system and its problems and future of the development were analyzed.The results show:(1)Compared with the assimilation efficiency,the dissimilation efficiency of the Pearl River Delta with a high level in recent 15 years shows that there was an obvious output disturbance of urbanization on water resources system.(2)There is high potential for increase in urbanization rate,economic level,and consumption level on the premise of improving water efficiency.The urbanization of the Pearl River Delta should focus on enhancing the technical level rather than increasing the resource input in the future.
Urban metabolism is the process of inputs of material and energy as well as economic and environmental outputs,which can be used to analyze the interactive coupling relationship between urbanization-water resources systems.Based on the urban metabolism,this paper divided the metabolic processes of urbanization-water resources system into assimilation processes and dissimilation processes.A DEA model was applied to evaluate the assimilation efficiency and dissimilation efficiency of urbanizationwater resources system in the Pearl River Delta over recent 15 years.Then,the co-evolution between urbanization-water resources system and its problems and future of the development were analyzed.The results show:(1)Compared with the assimilation efficiency,the dissimilation efficiency of the Pearl River Delta with a high level in recent 15 years shows that there was an obvious output disturbance of urbanization on water resources system.(2)There is high potential for increase in urbanization rate,economic level,and consumption level on the premise of improving water efficiency.The urbanization of the Pearl River Delta should focus on enhancing the technical level rather than increasing the resource input in the future.
引文
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[15]Jenerette G D,Wu W,Goldsmith S,et al.Contrasting water footprints of cities in China and the United States[J].Ecological Economics,2006,57(3):346-358.
[16]刘贺贺,杨青山.新陈代谢视角下东北地区城市健康诊断[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,(3):25-31.(LIU Hehe,YANG Qingshan.Urban health diagnosis for the Northeast China from the perspective of urban metabolism[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,(3):25-31.(in Chinese))
[17]王莹.基于DEA的江苏省工业水资源利用效率研究[J].水利经济,2014,(5):19-22.(WANG Ying.Industrial water use efficiency of Jiangsu Province based on DEA[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2014,(5):19-22.(in Chinese))
[18]蒙吉军,汪疆玮,尤南山,等基于DEA的黑河中游灌区水资源配置效率时空分异[J].水土保持研究,2017,(1):173-180.(MENG Jijun,WANG Jiangwei,YOU Nanshan,et al.Spatiotemporaldifferentiation of water allocation efficiency in oasis irrigated areas in the middle reaches of the Heihe River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,(1):173-180.(in Chinese))
[19]Helm D, Rajah N.Water regulation:the periodic review[J].Fiscal Studies,1994,15(2):95-97.
[2]杨雪梅,杨太保,石培基,等.西北干旱地区水资源-城市化复合系统耦合效应研究——以石羊河流域为例[J].干旱区地理,2014,(1):19-30.(YANG Xuemei,YANG Taibao,SHI Peiji,et al.Coupling effect of water resources-urbanization composite system in north west arid region of China:a case of Shiyang River basin[J].Arid Land Geography,2014,(1):19-30.(in Chinese))
[3]张胜武,石培基,王祖静.干旱区内陆河流域城镇化与水资源环境系统耦合分析——以石羊河流域为例[J].经济地理,2012,(8):142-148.(ZHANG Shengwu,SHI Peiji,WANG Zujing.Analysis of coupling between urbanization and water resource and environment of inland river basin in arid region:a case study of Shiyang River basin[J].Economic Geography,2012,(8):142-148.(in Chinese))
[4]Ma H,Chou N,Wang L.Dynamic coupling analysis of urbanization and water resource utilization systems in China[J].Sustainability,2016,8(11):1176.
[5]李娜,孙才志,范斐.辽宁沿海经济带城市化与水资源耦合关系分析[J].地域研究与开发,2010,(4):47-51.(LI Na, SUN Caizhi,FAN Fei.The coupling relation analysis between urbanization and water resources in Liaoning coastal economic zone[J].Areal Research and Development,2010,(4):47-51.(in Chinese))
[6]Bao C,Fang C.Water resources constraint force on urbanization inwater deficient regions:a case study of the Hexi Corridor,arid area of NW China[J].Ecological Economics,2007,62(3-4):508-517.
[7]时翠,陈晓宏,张强.近几十年来珠江三角洲1月和7月水位变异分析[J].热带地理,2012,(3):233-240.(SHI Cui,CHEN Xiaohong,ZHANG Qiang.Change-points of water levels in the Pearl River delta in January and July for the last decades[J].Tropical Geography,2012,(3):233-240.(in Chinese))
[8]孔兰,陈晓宏,闻平,等.2009/2010年枯水期珠江口磨刀门水道强咸潮分析[J].自然资源学报,2011,(11):1858-1865.(KONG Lan,CHEN Xiaohong,WEN Ping,et al.Analysis on severe saltwater intrusion in Modaomen Channel of the Pearl River Estuary in dry season during 2009-2010[J].Journal of Natural Resources,2011,(11):1858-1865.(in Chinese))
[9]Wolman A.The metabolism of cities[J].Scientific American,1965,(213):179-190.
[10]陈雪婷,宋涛,蔡建明,等.基于DEA和Malmquist的中国城市代谢效率研究[J].地理科学,2015,(4):419-426.(CHEN Xueting,SONG Tao,CAI Jianming,et al.The Chinese urban metabolic efficiencies based on the DEA and Malmquist[J].Scientia Geographica Sinica,2015,(4):419-426.(in Chinese))
[11]宋涛,蔡建明,倪攀,等.城市新陈代谢研究综述及展望[J].地理科学进展,2013,(11):1650-1661.(SONG Tao,CAI Jianming,NI Pan,et al.Review and prospects of urban metabolism research[J].Progress in Geography,2013(11):1650-1661.(in Chinese))
[12]Hermanowicz S W,Asano T.Abel Wolman's the metabolism of cities'revisited:a case for water recycling[J].Water Science&Technology,1999,40(4):29-36.
[13]丹保宪仁.水文大循环和城市水环境代谢[J].给水排水,2002,28(6):1-5.(Tambo Norihito.Hydrological cycle and urban metabolic system of water[J].Water&Wastewater Engineering,2002,28(6):1-5.(in Chinese))
[14]钱家忠,朱学愚,孙峰根.地下水代谢与水资源保护[J].工程勘察,2000,(4):26-28.(QIAN Jiazhong,ZHU Xueyu,SUN Fenggen.Metabolism of groundwater and protection of water resources[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2000,(4):26-28.(in Chinese))
[15]Jenerette G D,Wu W,Goldsmith S,et al.Contrasting water footprints of cities in China and the United States[J].Ecological Economics,2006,57(3):346-358.
[16]刘贺贺,杨青山.新陈代谢视角下东北地区城市健康诊断[J].干旱区资源与环境,2016,(3):25-31.(LIU Hehe,YANG Qingshan.Urban health diagnosis for the Northeast China from the perspective of urban metabolism[J].Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment,2016,(3):25-31.(in Chinese))
[17]王莹.基于DEA的江苏省工业水资源利用效率研究[J].水利经济,2014,(5):19-22.(WANG Ying.Industrial water use efficiency of Jiangsu Province based on DEA[J].Journal of Economics of Water Resources,2014,(5):19-22.(in Chinese))
[18]蒙吉军,汪疆玮,尤南山,等基于DEA的黑河中游灌区水资源配置效率时空分异[J].水土保持研究,2017,(1):173-180.(MENG Jijun,WANG Jiangwei,YOU Nanshan,et al.Spatiotemporaldifferentiation of water allocation efficiency in oasis irrigated areas in the middle reaches of the Heihe River[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,(1):173-180.(in Chinese))
[19]Helm D, Rajah N.Water regulation:the periodic review[J].Fiscal Studies,1994,15(2):95-97.
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