多聚半乳糖醛酸基因在果树中的研究进展
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摘要
多聚半乳糖醛酸酶(polygalacturonase, PG)由多基因家族成员编码,对细胞壁果胶的降解起着重要作用,主要参与植物生长发育与逆境响应过程。基于全基因组序列,在果树如苹果(Malus pumila)、桃(Prunus persica)中,鉴定出了大量PG基因新成员,并发现其中某些成员分别参与了果实成熟软化、器官脱落、果树抗病等相关生物过程。尽管近年对果树PG的研究取得了巨大进展,但鲜见相关综述。据此,本文从PG基因结构、转录调控及其在果树中的生物功能等方面进行了综述,旨在为进一步阐明PG在果树中的生物学功能提供有用信息。
Polygalacturonase(PG) encoded by a multigene family plays an important role in the degradation of pectin in cell wall. This gene family is mainly involved in plant growth and development as well as stress response. Based on the genome sequences of some fruit tree species such as apple(Malus pumila) and peach(Prunus persica), a large number of new PG members have been identified, and some of them are involved in the biological processes including fruit ripening and softening, organ shedding, disease resistance, etc. In recent years, the researches on fruit tree PGs have achieved great progress, while the review in this field is unavailable. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge about the fruit tree PGs, mainly focusing on the gene structure, transcriptional regulation, and biological functions. The purpose of this review is to provide useful information for studying fruit tree PGs in future.
Polygalacturonase(PG) encoded by a multigene family plays an important role in the degradation of pectin in cell wall. This gene family is mainly involved in plant growth and development as well as stress response. Based on the genome sequences of some fruit tree species such as apple(Malus pumila) and peach(Prunus persica), a large number of new PG members have been identified, and some of them are involved in the biological processes including fruit ripening and softening, organ shedding, disease resistance, etc. In recent years, the researches on fruit tree PGs have achieved great progress, while the review in this field is unavailable. Here, we briefly summarize current knowledge about the fruit tree PGs, mainly focusing on the gene structure, transcriptional regulation, and biological functions. The purpose of this review is to provide useful information for studying fruit tree PGs in future.
引文
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Bakshi P,Masoodi FA(2010).Effect of pre-storage heat treatment on enzymological changes in peach.J Food Sci Tech,47(4):461-464
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Chen YT,Lai RL,Cheng CZ,et al(2017).Cloning and expression of polygalacturonase gene(AcPG)during fruit softening of kiwifruit(Actinidia chinensis).J Agr Biotechnol,25(2):205-213(in Chinese with English abstract)[陈义挺,赖瑞联,程春振等(2017).猕猴桃果实软化过程中AcPG基因的克隆与表达.农业生物技术学报,25(2):205-213]
Cheng C,Jiao C,Singer SD,et al(2015).Gibberellin-induced changes in the transcriptome of grapevine(Vitis labrusca×V.vinifera)cv.Kyoho flowers.BMC Genomics,16:128
Cheng Z,Chen D,Lu B,et al(2016).A novel acid-stable endo-polygalacturonase from Penicillium oxalicum CZ1028:purification,characterization,and application in the beverage industry.J Microbiol Biotechnol,26(6):989-998
Deytieux-Belleau C,Vallet A,Donèche B,et al(2008).Pectin methylesterase and polygalacturonase in the developing grape skin.Plant Physiol Bioch,46(7):638-646
Du M,Li Y,Tian X,et al(2014).The phytotoxin coronatine induces abscission-related gene expression and boll ripening during defoliation of cotton.PLoS ONE,9(5):e97652
Fabi JP,Broetto SG,da Silva SLGL,et al(2014).Analysis of papaya cell wall-related genes during fruit ripening indicates a central role of polygalacturonases during pulp softening.PLoS ONE,9(8):e105685
Fu CC,Han YC,Qi XY,et al(2016).Papaya CpERF9 acts as a transcriptional repressor of cell-wall-modifying genes CpPME1/2 and CpPG5 involved in fruit ripening.Plant Cell Rep,35(11):2341-2352
González-Carranza ZH,Elliott KA,Roberts JA(2007).Expression of polygalacturonases and evidence to support their role during cell separation processes in Arabidopsis thaliana.J Exp Bot,58(13):3719-3730
Hadfield KA,Bennett AB(1998).Polygalacturonases:many genes in search of a function.Plant Physiol,117(2):337-343
Hadfield KA,Rose JKC,Yaver DS,et al(1998).Polygalacturonase gene expression in ripe melon fruit supports a role for polygalacturonase in ripening-associated pectin disassembly.Plant Physiol,117(2):363-373
Hong SB,Sexton R,Tucker ML,et al(2000).Analysis of gene promoters for two tomato polygalacturonases expressed in abscission zones and the stigma.Plant Physiol,123(3):869-881
Huang L,Cao JS,Zhang A,et al(2009a).The polygalacturonase gene BcMF2 from Brassica campestris is associated with intine development.J Exp Bot,60(1):301-313
Huang L,Ye Y,Zhang Y,et al(2009b).BcMF9,a novel polygalacturonase gene,is required for both Brassica campestris intine and exine formation.Ann Bot,104(7):1339-1351
Huo R,Liu Z,Yang Q,et al(2016).Identification and analysis of PG gene family in peach.Jiangsu Agr Sci,44(6):33-40(in Chinese)[霍如雪,刘振宁,杨青等(2016).桃PG基因家族的鉴定与分析.江苏农业科学,44(6):33-40]
Iglesias-Fernández R,Matilla AJ,Rodri?guez-Gacio MC,et al(2007).The polygalacturonase gene PdPG1 is developmentally regulated in reproductive organs of Prunus domestica L.subsp.insititia.Plant Sci,172(4):763-772
Imsabai W,Ketsa S,van Doorn WG(2002).Effect of temperature on softening and the activities of polygalacturonase and pectinesterase in durian fruit.Postharvest Biol Tec,26(3):347-351
Jiang CZ,Lu F,Imsabai W,et al(2008).Silencing polygalacturonase expression inhibits tomato petiole abscission.JExp Bot,59(4):973-979
Kalaitzis P,Solomos T,Tucker ML,et al(1997).Three different polygalacturonases are expressed in tomato leaf and flower abscission,each with a different temporal expression pattern.Plant Physiol,113(4):1303-1308
Ke X,Wang H,Li Y,et al(2018).Genome-wide identification and analysis of polygalacturonase genes in Solanum lycopersicum.Int J Mol Sci,19:2290
Kim J(2014).Four shades of detachment:regulation of floral organ abscission.Plant Signal Behav,9(11):e976154
Langley KR,Martin A,Stenning R,et al(1994).Mechanical and optical assessment of the ripening of tomato fruit with reduced polygalacturonase activity.J Sci Food Agr,66(4):547-554
Leida C,Ríos G,Soriano JM,et al(2011).Identification and genetic characterization of an ethylene-dependent polygalacturonase from apricot fruit.Postharvest Biol Tec,62(1):26-34
Li HJ,Li BJ,Yi K,et al(2009).Study on storage temperature on the Mato apple fresh fruit.North Hortic,(8):239-242(in Chinese with English abstract)[李宏建,李宝江,伊凯等(2009).贮藏温度对藤牧1号苹果果实保鲜效果影响研究.北方园艺,(8):239-242]
Li J,Yuan R(2008).NAA and ethylene regulate expression of genes related to ethylene biosynthesis,perception,and cell wall degradation during fruit abscission and ripening in‘Delicious’apples.J Plant Growth Regul,27(3):283-295
Liu H,Qian M,Song C,et al(2018).Down-regulation of PpBGAL10 and PpBGAL16 delays fruit softening in peach by reducing polygalacturonase and pectin methylesterase activity.Front Plant Sci,9:1015
Liu N,Sun Y,Wang P,et al(2018).Mutation of key amino acids in the polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins CkPGIP1and GhPGIP1 improves resistance to Verticillium wilt in cotton.Plant J,96(3):546-561
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