基于OMI数据研究中国对流层甲醛时空分布特征及变化趋势
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摘要
利用OMI卫星遥感反演的甲醛柱浓度数据,结合MEGAN模式和MEIC排放清单研究了2005—2016年中国对流层甲醛柱浓度的时空特征和长期变化趋势,以及甲醛柱浓度的季节差异与排放源和地面风场的关系.结果表明,中国对流层甲醛柱浓度呈西低东高的空间分布特征,且高值区域主要分布在华北平原、长江三角洲、珠江三角洲及四川盆地等人为源排放较高的中东部地区.中国甲醛柱浓度存在明显的季节差异,表现为夏季>秋季>春季>冬季.天然源VOCs和人为源VOCs排放均对甲醛柱浓度季节变化具有重要影响,光化学反应与气象条件在其中所起到的作用也不可忽略.生物源排放变化对甲醛年际变化趋势的影响不显著,中国东部地区甲醛柱浓度呈上升趋势主要是由于气候变率和人为因素的共同影响所致.
Using the satellite derived HCHO column data from OMI, combined with MEGAN model and MEIC emission inventory, the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution and long-term variation trend of tropospheric HCHO column over China during 2005—2016 were analyzed, and the seasonal variation of HCHO column in relation to emissions and surface wind field were investigated. The results were as follows. The spatial distribution of tropospheric HCHO column showed the pattern of high in the eastern and low in the western. Besides, central and eastern regions that concentrated with anthropogenic emissions showed high HCHO column, such as North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Sichuan Basin. The HCHO column over China displayed significant seasonal variation, the order was summer> autumn> spring> winter. Both biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs emissions had essential effects on the seasonal variation of HCHO column. In addition, the photochemical reactions and meteorological conditions also played non-ignorable role in seasonal variation of HCHO column. The upward trend of HCHO column in eastern China was mainly due to the combined effects of climatic variability and anthropogenic influences while the impact of changes in biogenic sources on the interannual variability of HCHO was not significant.
Using the satellite derived HCHO column data from OMI, combined with MEGAN model and MEIC emission inventory, the characteristics of spatial and temporal distribution and long-term variation trend of tropospheric HCHO column over China during 2005—2016 were analyzed, and the seasonal variation of HCHO column in relation to emissions and surface wind field were investigated. The results were as follows. The spatial distribution of tropospheric HCHO column showed the pattern of high in the eastern and low in the western. Besides, central and eastern regions that concentrated with anthropogenic emissions showed high HCHO column, such as North China Plain, Yangtze River Delta, Pearl River Delta, and Sichuan Basin. The HCHO column over China displayed significant seasonal variation, the order was summer> autumn> spring> winter. Both biogenic and anthropogenic VOCs emissions had essential effects on the seasonal variation of HCHO column. In addition, the photochemical reactions and meteorological conditions also played non-ignorable role in seasonal variation of HCHO column. The upward trend of HCHO column in eastern China was mainly due to the combined effects of climatic variability and anthropogenic influences while the impact of changes in biogenic sources on the interannual variability of HCHO was not significant.
引文
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Jin X,Holloway T.2015.Spatial and temporal variability of ozone sensitivity over China observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,120(14):7229-7246
Kaiser J,Jacob D J,Zhu L,et al.2018.High-resolution inversion of OMI formaldehyde columns to quantify isoprene emission on ecosystem-relevant scales:application to the southeast US[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,18(8):5483-5497
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Lamsal L N,Martin R V,Padmanabhan A,et al.2011.Application of satellite observations for timely updates to global anthropogenic NOx emission inventories[J].Geophysical Research Letters,38(5):185-193
Li M,Zhang Q,Kurokawa J I,et al.2017.MIX:A mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,17(2):935-963
Liu F,Zhang Q,Tong D,et al.2015.High-resolution inventory of technologies,activities,and emissions of coal-fired power plants in China from 1990 to 2010[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(23):13299-13317
Liu Y,Li L,An J Y,et al.2018.Estimation of biogenic VOC emissions and its impact on ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,186:113-128
Mahajan A S,De Smedt I,Biswas M S,et al.2015.Inter-annual variations in satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde over India[J].Atmospheric Environment,116:194-201
Mebust A K,Cohen R C.2014.Space-based observations of fire NOx emission coefficients:a global biome-scale comparison[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,14(5):21665-21702
Millet D B,Jacob D J,Boersma K F,et al.2008.Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,113(D2),DOI:10.1029/2007jd008950
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Stavrakou T,Müller J F,Bauwens M,et al.2014.Isoprene emissions over Asia 1979–2012:Impact of climate and land-use changes[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(9):4587-4605
Valin L C,Fiore A M,Chance K,et al.2016.The role of OH production in interpreting the variability of CH2O columns in the southeast U.S.[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,121(1):478-493
Wang H,Wu Q,Liu H,et al,et al.2018.Sensitivity of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions to leaf area index and land cover in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,18(13):9583-9596
王爽,巨天珍,咸龙,等.2018.京津冀对流层甲醛的时空演变特征及其影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1297-1305
谢顺涛,巨天珍,张惠娥.2017.基于OMI数据的兰州地区对流层甲醛时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,37(11):4253-4261
Zhang Q,Yuan B,Shao M,et al.2014.Variations of ground-level O3 and its precursors in Beijing in summertime between 2005 and 2011[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(12):6089-6101
Zhang X,Zhao Y,Song J,et al.2018.Differential health effects of constant versus intermittent exposure to formaldehyde in mice:implications for building ventilation strategies[J].Environmental Science & Technology,52(3):1551-1560
Zhu L,Jacob D J,Keutsch F N,et al.2017.Formaldehyde (HCHO) as a hazardous air pollutant:mapping surface air concentrations from satellite and inferring cancer risks in the United States[J].Environmental Science and Technology,51(10):5650-5657
Zhu L,Jacob D J,Mickley L J,et al.2014.Anthropogenic emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in eastern Texas inferred from oversampling of satellite (OMI) measurements of HCHO columns[J].Environmental Research Letters,9(11),DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/114004
De Smedt I,Stavrakou T,Hendrick F,et al.2015.Diurnal,seasonal and long-term variations of global formaldehyde columns inferred from combined OMI and GOME-2 observations[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(21):12519-12545
Fiore A M,Horowitz L W,Purves D W,et al.2005.Evaluating the contribution of changes in isoprene emissions to surface ozone trends over the eastern United States[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,110(D12),DOI:10.1029/2004JD005485
Fu T M,Jacob D J,Palmer P I,et al.2007.Space-based formaldehyde measurements as constraints on volatile organic compound emissions in east and south Asia and implications for ozone[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,112(D6),DOI:10.1029/2006JD007853
Fu Y,Liao H.2012.Simulation of the interannual variations of biogenic emissions of volatile organic compounds in China:Impacts on tropospheric ozone and secondary organic aerosol[J].Atmospheric Environment,59:170-185
Gonzi S,Palmer P I,Barkley M P,et al.2011.Biomass burning emission estimates inferred from satellite column measurements of HCHO:Sensitivity to co-emitted aerosol and injection height[J].Geophysical Research Letters,38(14),DOI:10.1029/2011GL047890
Guenther A,Karl T,Harley P,et al.2006.Estimates of global terrestrial isoprene emissions using MEGAN (Model of Emissions of Gases and Aerosols from Nature)[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,6(11):3181-3210
Irie H,Sudo K,Akimoto H,et al.2005.Evaluation of long-term tropospheric HCHO data obtained by GOME over East Asia in 1996–2002[J].Geophysical Research Letters,32(11):339-357
Jin X,Holloway T.2015.Spatial and temporal variability of ozone sensitivity over China observed from the Ozone Monitoring Instrument[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,120(14):7229-7246
Kaiser J,Jacob D J,Zhu L,et al.2018.High-resolution inversion of OMI formaldehyde columns to quantify isoprene emission on ecosystem-relevant scales:application to the southeast US[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,18(8):5483-5497
康思聪.2017.卫星遥感观测中国二氧化硫和二氧化氮浓度的时空变化[D].北京:清华大学
Lamsal L N,Martin R V,Padmanabhan A,et al.2011.Application of satellite observations for timely updates to global anthropogenic NOx emission inventories[J].Geophysical Research Letters,38(5):185-193
Li M,Zhang Q,Kurokawa J I,et al.2017.MIX:A mosaic Asian anthropogenic emission inventory under the international collaboration framework of the MICS-Asia and HTAP[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,17(2):935-963
Liu F,Zhang Q,Tong D,et al.2015.High-resolution inventory of technologies,activities,and emissions of coal-fired power plants in China from 1990 to 2010[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,15(23):13299-13317
Liu Y,Li L,An J Y,et al.2018.Estimation of biogenic VOC emissions and its impact on ozone formation over the Yangtze River Delta region,China[J].Atmospheric Environment,186:113-128
Mahajan A S,De Smedt I,Biswas M S,et al.2015.Inter-annual variations in satellite observations of nitrogen dioxide and formaldehyde over India[J].Atmospheric Environment,116:194-201
Mebust A K,Cohen R C.2014.Space-based observations of fire NOx emission coefficients:a global biome-scale comparison[J].Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics,14(5):21665-21702
Millet D B,Jacob D J,Boersma K F,et al.2008.Spatial distribution of isoprene emissions from North America derived from formaldehyde column measurements by the OMI satellite sensor[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,113(D2),DOI:10.1029/2007jd008950
单源源,李莉,刘琼,等.2016.基于OMI数据的中国中东部臭氧及前体物的时空分布[J].环境科学研究,29(8):1128-1136
Stavrakou T,Müller J F,Bauwens M,et al.2014.Isoprene emissions over Asia 1979–2012:Impact of climate and land-use changes[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(9):4587-4605
Valin L C,Fiore A M,Chance K,et al.2016.The role of OH production in interpreting the variability of CH2O columns in the southeast U.S.[J].Journal of Geophysical Research Atmospheres,121(1):478-493
Wang H,Wu Q,Liu H,et al,et al.2018.Sensitivity of biogenic volatile organic compound emissions to leaf area index and land cover in Beijing[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,18(13):9583-9596
王爽,巨天珍,咸龙,等.2018.京津冀对流层甲醛的时空演变特征及其影响因素研究[J].环境科学学报,38(4):1297-1305
谢顺涛,巨天珍,张惠娥.2017.基于OMI数据的兰州地区对流层甲醛时空变化研究[J].环境科学学报,37(11):4253-4261
Zhang Q,Yuan B,Shao M,et al.2014.Variations of ground-level O3 and its precursors in Beijing in summertime between 2005 and 2011[J].Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics,14(12):6089-6101
Zhang X,Zhao Y,Song J,et al.2018.Differential health effects of constant versus intermittent exposure to formaldehyde in mice:implications for building ventilation strategies[J].Environmental Science & Technology,52(3):1551-1560
Zhu L,Jacob D J,Keutsch F N,et al.2017.Formaldehyde (HCHO) as a hazardous air pollutant:mapping surface air concentrations from satellite and inferring cancer risks in the United States[J].Environmental Science and Technology,51(10):5650-5657
Zhu L,Jacob D J,Mickley L J,et al.2014.Anthropogenic emissions of highly reactive volatile organic compounds in eastern Texas inferred from oversampling of satellite (OMI) measurements of HCHO columns[J].Environmental Research Letters,9(11),DOI:10.1088/1748-9326/9/11/114004