渭河陕西段健康评估研究
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摘要
针对渭河陕西段存在的水资源总量不足、开发利用程度高,用水量持续增加、生态流量得不到保障,水质超标、水环境污染严重等问题,结合流域特点、河道形态、功能分区等,对渭河陕西段健康评估关键技术如分段监测方案、监测点位设置、评估指标选取等进行处理,开展渭河陕西段健康评估,得出评估结果为49.36分,为亚健康状态。剖析了渭河陕西段不健康的主要表征:渭河流量过程变异程度较高、水文情势变化较大,生态流量保障程度偏低,生物完整性受损严重,水功能区水质达标率低。不健康的主要压力为渭河来水减少、流域用水压力大、河床稳定性差等。
In view of the problem of total water resources in Shaanxi section ofWeihe River is short, the degree of exploitation and utilization is high, the water consumption continues to increase and the ecological flow cannot be guaranteed, combined with the characteristics of Weihe River drainage basin in Shaanxi Province, channel shape and function zoning, the paper treated the key techniques of Weihe River health assessment in Shaanxi Province, such as section monitoring scheme, monitoring point setting, evaluation index setting and so on for the health evaluation of Weihe River in Shaanxi Province. The result score of assessment is 49.36, belonging to sub-health state. The main characterizations of unhealthy in Shaanxi section of Weihe River were analyzed, i.e. the variation degree of Weihe River discharge process was high, the variation of hydrological situation was great, the satisfaction degree of ecological flow was low, the biological integrity was seriously damaged and the water quality of the water functional area was low. It also put forward the unhealthy main pressures including the reduction of Weihe River water supply, the increase of water pressure and poor river bed stability.
In view of the problem of total water resources in Shaanxi section ofWeihe River is short, the degree of exploitation and utilization is high, the water consumption continues to increase and the ecological flow cannot be guaranteed, combined with the characteristics of Weihe River drainage basin in Shaanxi Province, channel shape and function zoning, the paper treated the key techniques of Weihe River health assessment in Shaanxi Province, such as section monitoring scheme, monitoring point setting, evaluation index setting and so on for the health evaluation of Weihe River in Shaanxi Province. The result score of assessment is 49.36, belonging to sub-health state. The main characterizations of unhealthy in Shaanxi section of Weihe River were analyzed, i.e. the variation degree of Weihe River discharge process was high, the variation of hydrological situation was great, the satisfaction degree of ecological flow was low, the biological integrity was seriously damaged and the water quality of the water functional area was low. It also put forward the unhealthy main pressures including the reduction of Weihe River water supply, the increase of water pressure and poor river bed stability.
引文
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[2] 龙笛,张思聪.滦河流域生态系统健康评价研究[J].中国水土保持,2006(3):38-44.
[3] 翟晶,徐国宾,郭书英,等.基于协调发展度的河流健康评价方法研究[J].水利学报,2016,47(11):1465-1470.
[4] 王乙震,郭书英,崔文彦.海河流域河湖健康评估的实践与发展[J].海河水利,2017(4):7-11.
[5] 彭勃,王化儒,王瑞玲,等.黄河下游河流健康评估指标体系研究[J].水生态学杂志,2014,35(6):81-87.
[6] 王乙震,郭书英,崔文彦,等.基于水功能区划的海河流域重要河湖健康评估体系[J].海河水利,2017(6):11-18.
[7] 张浩,高晓月,周绪申.海河流域河湖健康评估探索与展望[J].河湖管理,2018(6):40-42.
[8] 戴纪翠,倪晋仁.底栖动物在水生态系统健康评价中的作用分析[J].生态环境,2008,17(6):2107-2111.
[9] 盛萧,毛建忠,曹然,等.基于5种大型底栖动物评价指数的河流生态健康评价[J].水资源保护,2017,33(1):75-81.