西藏阿里太阳辐射观测
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摘要
利用太阳总辐射仪和太阳光谱仪在2016年12月至2018年9月期间对西藏最西部阿里地区进行了太阳总辐射和太阳光谱实地观测研究。观测研究了阿里太阳总辐射强度逐日、逐月以及二分二至的特征值及其变化特征;研究了云层等调制因子对太阳总辐射的影响特征;研究了阿里年晴天数特征,首次观测了阿里冬至太阳光谱特征。观测结果表明:西藏最西部阿里年太阳辐射总量达到7 094 MJ/W2,而西藏东部林芝同年只有5 916 MJ/W2;西部阿里夏季太阳总辐射量最高值达到2 166. 1 MJ/W2,而东部林芝春季达到最高值约1 727. 4 MJ/W2; 2017全年观测发现阿里仅有17 d太阳总辐射瞬时值超过太阳常数,而林芝多达145 d;阿里太阳总辐射瞬时最大值达到1 494. 6 W/m2,林芝略高为(1 698. 6 W/m2);阿里太阳光谱观测显示西藏阿里太阳紫外线B(280~320 nm)强度约占紫外线A (320~400 nm)的16. 77%,光合有效辐射强度(400~700 nm)约占全光谱辐射量的50. 43%。
The total solar radiation and solar spectrum were observed and studied in Ali region,the northernmost part of Tibet,from December 2016 to September 2018 by using the solar total radiation instrument and the solar spectrometer.The daily,monthly and dichotomous eigenvalues of total solar radiation intensity in Ali and their variation characteristics were observed and studied. The effects of modulation factors such as clouds on total solar radiation were studied. The characteristics of annual sunny days in Ali were studied,and the spectral characteristics of Ali winter solstice were observed for the first time. The results show that the annual total solar radiation in Ali,the western part of Tibet,reaches 7 094 MJ/W2,while in Linzhi,the eastern part of Tibet,only 5 916 MJ/W2. The maximum solar radiation in summer in Ali,the western part,reaches 2 166. 1 MJ/W2,while in spring in Linzhi,the eastern part,it reaches about1 727. 4 MJ/W2. In 2007,the total solar radiation instantaneous value in Ali exceeds the solar constant only for 17 days,while in the eastern part of Linzhi,it reaches about 145 days. The maximum instantaneous solar radiation in Ali reached 1 494. 6 W/m2 and Linzhi was slightly higher than that in Ali( 1 698. 6 W/m2). The solar spectrum observation in Ali showed that the solar ultraviolet B( 280 ~ 320 nm) intensity in Tibet accounted for 16. 77% of the ultraviolet A( 320 ~ 400 nm) and the photosynthetic effective radiation intensity( 400 ~ 700 nm) accounted for 50. 43%of the total spectral radiation.
The total solar radiation and solar spectrum were observed and studied in Ali region,the northernmost part of Tibet,from December 2016 to September 2018 by using the solar total radiation instrument and the solar spectrometer.The daily,monthly and dichotomous eigenvalues of total solar radiation intensity in Ali and their variation characteristics were observed and studied. The effects of modulation factors such as clouds on total solar radiation were studied. The characteristics of annual sunny days in Ali were studied,and the spectral characteristics of Ali winter solstice were observed for the first time. The results show that the annual total solar radiation in Ali,the western part of Tibet,reaches 7 094 MJ/W2,while in Linzhi,the eastern part of Tibet,only 5 916 MJ/W2. The maximum solar radiation in summer in Ali,the western part,reaches 2 166. 1 MJ/W2,while in spring in Linzhi,the eastern part,it reaches about1 727. 4 MJ/W2. In 2007,the total solar radiation instantaneous value in Ali exceeds the solar constant only for 17 days,while in the eastern part of Linzhi,it reaches about 145 days. The maximum instantaneous solar radiation in Ali reached 1 494. 6 W/m2 and Linzhi was slightly higher than that in Ali( 1 698. 6 W/m2). The solar spectrum observation in Ali showed that the solar ultraviolet B( 280 ~ 320 nm) intensity in Tibet accounted for 16. 77% of the ultraviolet A( 320 ~ 400 nm) and the photosynthetic effective radiation intensity( 400 ~ 700 nm) accounted for 50. 43%of the total spectral radiation.
引文
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[11]余钟奇,孟庆勇,冉光辉.林芝市太阳紫外辐射分析和预报方法[J].西藏科技,2017,(04):62-65.
[12]周毅,诺桑,措加旺姆,等.西藏地面太阳光谱观测[J].地球环境学报,2018,(02):85-86.
[2]项月琴.利用卫星云图对1979年夏季青藏高原月旬总辐射场的研究[J].太阳能学报,1984,(01):14-29.
[3]袁福茂.青藏高原改则地区的辐射特征[J].高原气象,1985,(s2):39-52.
[4]高歌,张兰英,翁笃鸣.青藏高原地表长波辐射参数化及其气候计算[J].大气科学学报,1997,(03):318-325.
[5]杨军,顾骏强,施能.我国总太阳辐射特征、趋势变化和分区[C]//中国气象学会2006年年会“气候变化及其机理和模拟”分会场论文集,2006.
[6] Norsang G,Tsoja K W,Stamnes J J,et al. Ground-based Measurements and Modeling of Solar UV-B Radiation in Lhasa,Tibet[J].Atmospheric Environment,2009,43(8):1498-1502.
[7] Norsang G,Kocbach L,Stamnes J,et al. Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variation of Solar UV Radiation over the Tibetan Plateau[J].Applied Physics Research,2011,3(1):37.
[8] Gelsor N,Pingcuo N,Wangmu T,et al. Solar UV Irradiance Measurements at Four Sites in Tibet[J]. Journal of the Institute of Engineering,2012,8(3):26051-26060.
[9] Norsang G,Chen Y C,Pingcuo N,et al. Comparison of groundbased measurements of solar UV radiation at four sites on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Applied Optics,2014,53(4):736-747.
[10]岳平,李耀辉,张良,等.青藏高原林芝与四川盆地温江地区晴天辐射和能量平衡特征[J].冰川冻土,2012,34(6):1328-1335.
[11]余钟奇,孟庆勇,冉光辉.林芝市太阳紫外辐射分析和预报方法[J].西藏科技,2017,(04):62-65.
[12]周毅,诺桑,措加旺姆,等.西藏地面太阳光谱观测[J].地球环境学报,2018,(02):85-86.