橘皮浸提液对土壤肥力与土壤微生物组成的影响
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摘要
为明确果皮在农业生产中的利用潜力,分别测定了3种果皮(橘皮、火龙果皮与柚子皮)鲜样与干燥样品中可溶性糖与硝态氮含量,从中筛得两指标含量均较高的果皮制成浸提液,然后采用土培试验的方法,探索不同浓度该种果皮浸提液(0、2.5、5.0、10.0 g/L)对土壤碱解氮、速效磷、有机质及土壤微生物组成的影响。结果表明,3种果皮中,橘皮经常压恒温干燥后(60～70℃),硝态氮及可溶性糖含量都显著增加;当浸提液浓度为10.0 g/L时,土样有机质含量较空白增加了3.38%,较土培前增加了19.08%;同时,土壤速效磷含量是土培前的1.78倍;细菌数量也显著增加,而真菌数量接近空白。鉴于橘皮在提高土壤肥力及土壤环境质量改善中的有益作用,认为其在农业生产中具有一定的利用价值。
In order to explore the potentialities of fruit peel in agriculture production, the contents of soluble sugar and nitrate nitrogen in fresh and dry orange peel, pitaya peel and grapefruit peel were determined, and the dry peel which contained both highest nitrate nitrogen and soluble sugar content was used to make extraction in the soil culture experiment. Then the different concentrations of the peel extraction(0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/L) were irrigated in soil to study the effects of extraction on soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter and soil microbial population. The results showed that the contents of nitrate nitrogen and soluble sugar in the orange peel increased significantly after drying process among three fruit peels. When the extract concentration was 10 g/L, the soil organic matter content increased by 3.38% and 19.08% respectively than that of control and that of untreated soil;meanwhile, the available phosphorus content was 1.78 times higher than that of untreated soil. The number of bacteria also increased significantly, but the number of fungus was close to the control. Therefore the dry orange peels show high values in agriculture for its potentialities in promoting soil fertility and improving the soil environment quality.
In order to explore the potentialities of fruit peel in agriculture production, the contents of soluble sugar and nitrate nitrogen in fresh and dry orange peel, pitaya peel and grapefruit peel were determined, and the dry peel which contained both highest nitrate nitrogen and soluble sugar content was used to make extraction in the soil culture experiment. Then the different concentrations of the peel extraction(0, 2.5, 5, and 10 g/L) were irrigated in soil to study the effects of extraction on soil alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, organic matter and soil microbial population. The results showed that the contents of nitrate nitrogen and soluble sugar in the orange peel increased significantly after drying process among three fruit peels. When the extract concentration was 10 g/L, the soil organic matter content increased by 3.38% and 19.08% respectively than that of control and that of untreated soil;meanwhile, the available phosphorus content was 1.78 times higher than that of untreated soil. The number of bacteria also increased significantly, but the number of fungus was close to the control. Therefore the dry orange peels show high values in agriculture for its potentialities in promoting soil fertility and improving the soil environment quality.
引文
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[2] 黄筱雄,张玉蓉.桔皮的综合利用[J].中国林副特产,2004(1):40-42.
[3] 黄林华,吴厚玖.我国水果副产物综合利用的研究及应用[J].食品安全质量检测学报,2015,6(11):4446-4452.
[4] 单杨.中国柑橘工业的现状、发展趋势与对策[J].中国食品学报,2008,8(1):1-8.
[5] 鲍金勇,赵国建,杨公明.我国水果果皮的利用现状和前景[J].食品研究与开发,2005,26(6):186-191.
[6] 罗巧慧,黄艳玲,肖芳,等.柑橘皮渣在动物饲料中应用的研究进展[J].动物营养学报,2018,30(3):874-880.
[7] 李合生.植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.
[8] 鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].3版.北京:中国农业出版社,2011.
[9] 余倩倩,李文涛,邓烈,等.柑橘皮渣有机肥对特洛维塔甜橙树体营养、果实品质和经济效益的影响[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2017,39(10):20-26.
[10] 宋长青,吴金水,陆雅海,等.中国土壤微生物学研究10年回顾[J].地球科学进展,2013,28(10):1087-1105.
[11] 刘建国,卞新民,李彦斌,等.长期连作和秸秆还田对棉田土壤微生物活性的影响[J].应用生态学报,2008,19(5):1027-1032.
[12] 吴凤芝,沈彥辉,周新刚,等.添加小麦和燕麦秸秆对连作黄瓜生长及土壤微生物群落结构的调节作用[J].中国农业科学,2015,48(22):4585-4596.
[13] 苗延青,任浩苗,刘春叶,等.橘子皮提取物的缓蚀和抑菌性能研究[J].当代化工,2016,45(11):2564-2566.
[14] WALKER N.Soil microbiology[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.
[15] 林大仪.土壤学[M].2版.北京:中国林业出版社,2002.
[16] YAMAKI Y T.Organic acid in the juice of citrus fruits[J].Journal of Japan horticultural science society,1989,58(3):587-594.
[17] ERICKSON L C.The general physiology of citrus[M]//REUTHER W,BATCHELOR L D,WEBBER H J,et al.The citrus industry.Berkeley:University California,1968.
[18] 张宪武.土壤微生物研究:理论·应用·新方法[M].沈阳:沈阳出版社,1993.