基于PCA和ArcGIS空间分析的河北省农业节水区划
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摘要
农业节水区划是区域农业规划的前提。针对河北省水资源匮乏的问题,选取灌溉需水指数、农田生产潜力、作物净初级生产力、土壤类型、地下水利用情况、地形地貌、人口及GDP等8项指标,通过ArcGIS的空间分析功能结合主成分分析法,构建了河北省节水区划模型,对河北省进行合理的农业节水区划,以提高灌溉水利用效率和农业生产效率。结果显示,河北省各县/区间模型评价结果差异明显,根据模型评分将河北省149个县/区划分为农业节水急切发展区、农业节水重要发展区和农业节水暂缓发展区3类区域,总体上河北省东南部农业节水建设需求高于西北部。最后根据各类区域特点,提出了各区存在的问题及未来发展建议。
Agricultural water-saving zoning is the premise of regional agricultural planning.In view of the shortage of water resources in Hebei Province,rational agricultural water-saving zoning is an effective means to improve the efficiency of irrigation water use and agricultural production.In this paper,we selected eight indexes including irrigation water demand index,farmland productivity potential,net primary productivity of crops,soil type,utilization of groundwater,topography,population,and GDP,and we built a water-saving zoning model of Hebei Province through the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS and principal component analysis.According to the model,149 counties/districts in Hebei Province are classified into 3 types:urgent,important,and deferred areas for agricultural water-saving.According to the characteristics of each region type,we pointed out their existing problems and put forward suggestions for future development.
Agricultural water-saving zoning is the premise of regional agricultural planning.In view of the shortage of water resources in Hebei Province,rational agricultural water-saving zoning is an effective means to improve the efficiency of irrigation water use and agricultural production.In this paper,we selected eight indexes including irrigation water demand index,farmland productivity potential,net primary productivity of crops,soil type,utilization of groundwater,topography,population,and GDP,and we built a water-saving zoning model of Hebei Province through the spatial analysis function of ArcGIS and principal component analysis.According to the model,149 counties/districts in Hebei Province are classified into 3 types:urgent,important,and deferred areas for agricultural water-saving.According to the characteristics of each region type,we pointed out their existing problems and put forward suggestions for future development.
引文
[1]李英能,水土资源评价与节水灌溉规划[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1998:93.(LI Y N,Water and soil resources evaluation and water saving irrigation planning[M].China Water Resources and Hydropower Press,Beijing,1998:93.(in Chinese))
[2]巩书鑫,邓彩云,王红瑞,等.基于PSR和RS的黑龙江省农业节水区划空间格局研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(4):28-33,39.(GONG S X,DENG C Y,WANG H R,et al.Agricultural water-saving zoning in Heilongjiang Province based on PSR and Rough set[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2018(4):28-33,39.(in Chinese))
[3]范海燕,朱丹阳,郝仲勇,等.基于AHP和ArcGIS的北京市农业节水区划研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(3):288-293.(FAN H Y,ZHU D Y,HAO Z Y,et al.Agricultural water-saving zoning in Beijing Based on AHP and ArcGIS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):288-293.(in Chinese))doi:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.03.036.
[4]赵伟霞,李久生,杨汝苗,等.基于土壤水分空间变异的变量灌溉作物产量及节水效果[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):1-7.(ZHAO W X,LI J S,YANG R M,et al.Yields and water-saving effects of crops as affected by variable rate irrigation management based on soil water spatial variation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(2):1-7.(in Chinese))doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.02.001.
[5]褚琳琳.基于因子分析与聚类分析的江苏省节水农业分区研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(3):137-140.(CHU L L.Arricultural water-saving regionalization using factor analysis in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,33(03):137-140.(in Chinese))
[6]马立辉,赵玲,张会芹,等.模糊-动态聚类法在河北省农业节水区划中的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2006(1):42-44.(MA L H,ZHAO L,ZHANG H Q,et al.Application of fuzzy-dynamic clustering method in agricultural water-saving regionalization of Hebei Province[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2006(1):42-44.(in Chinese))
[7]吴景社,康绍忠,王景雷,等.基于主成分分析和模糊聚类方法的全国节水灌溉分区研究[J].农业工程学报,2004(4):64-68.(WU J S,KANG S Z,WANG J L,et al.Study on national water-saving irrigation zoning based on principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2004(4):64-68.(in Chinese))
[8]孙素艳,李云玲,郭东阳,等.河北省供用水现状及水资源平衡分析[J].水利规划与设计,2018(10):62-67.(SUN S Y,LI Y L,GUO D Y,et al.[J].Analysis of water supply and utilization status and water resources balance in Hebei Province[J].Water Resources Planning and Design 2018(10):62-67.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2018.10.017.
[9]郝跃颖.河北地区农业水资源承载力及结构调整探讨[J].水利规划与设计,2017(7):21-23.(HAO Y Y.Discussion on carrying capacity and structural adjustment of agricultural water resources in Hebei[J].Water resources planning and design,2017(7):21-23.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2017.07.008.
[10]袁再健,谢栌乐,张秉文,等.河北平原农田净灌溉耗水研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(4):780-784.(YUAN Z J,XIE Q L,ZHANG B W,et al.Study on net irrigation water consumption of farmland in Hebei Plain[J].South-to-North Water Transfer and Water Science&Technology[J].2015,13(4):780-784.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2015.04.038.
[11]李云玲,郭旭宁,郭东阳,等.水资源承载能力评价方法研究及应用[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(3):342-349.(LI Y L,GUO X N,GUO D Y,et al.Research and application of water resources carrying capacity evaluation methods[J].Progress in Geography,2017,36(3):342-349.(in Chinese))
[12]罗金耀,节水灌溉理论与技术[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:125.(LUO J Y,Water-saving irrigation theory and technology[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2003:125.(in Chinese))
[13]刘钰,汪林,倪广恒,等.中国主要作物灌溉需水量空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):6-12.(LIU Y,WANG L,NI G H,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of irrigation water demand for major crops in China[J].Ransactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(12):6-12.(in Chinese))
[14]LUO L,XU X L,CHEN X.Assessing the impact of urban expansion on potential crop yield in China during1990-2010[J].Food Security,2015,7(1):33-43.
[15]赵唯茜,杜华明,董廷旭,等.2005-2014年南方农牧交错带净初级生产力时空分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):236-241.(ZHAO W X,DU H M,DONG T X,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of net primary productivity in the agropastoral ecotone of South China from 2005to 2014[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(6):236-241.(in Chinese))
[16]王莺,夏文韬,梁天刚,等.基于MODIS植被指数的甘南草地净初级生产力时空变化研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):201-210.(WANG Y,XIA W T,LIANGT G,et al.Spatial and temporal changes of net primary productivity of grassland in Gannan based on MO-DIS vegetation index[J].Journal of Grassland Industry,2010,19(1):201-210.(in Chinese))
[17]刘建华,李铭亮,苏剑波,等.有机质含量、地形坡度对土壤保水效果及作物产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2017(1):16-18.(LIU J H,LI M L,SU J B,et al.Effects of organic matter content and topographic gradient on soil water conservation and crop yield[J].Hunan Agricultural Science,2017(1):16-18.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2017.001.005.
[18]刘玉凤,黄介生,伍靖伟.基于最大树法的华北地区节水型农业分区[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(12):80-84.(LIU Y F,HUANG J S,WU J W.Water-saving agricultural zoning in North China based on maximum tree method[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013(12):80-84.(in Chinese))
[19]程明瀚,郝仲勇,杨胜利,等.膜下滴灌条件下温室青椒的水氮耦合效应[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(11):50-56,68.(CHENG M H,HAO Z Y,YANG S L,et al.Water-nitrogen coupling effect of green pepper in greenhouse under drip irrigation under mulch[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2018,37(11):50-56,68.(in Chinese))
[20]邢英英.温室番茄滴灌施肥水肥耦合效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.(XING Y Y.Study on coupling effect of fertilizer,water and Fertilizer on drip irrigation of Tomato in greenhouse[D].Yangling:Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry,2015.(in Chinese))
[21]夏建国,李廷轩,邓良基,等.主成分分析法在耕地质量评价中的应用[J].西南农业学报,2000(2):51-55.(XIA J G,LI T X,DENG L J,et al.Application of principal component analysis in evaluation of cultivated land quality[J].Journal of Southwest Agriculture,2000(2):51-55.(in Chinese))
[2]巩书鑫,邓彩云,王红瑞,等.基于PSR和RS的黑龙江省农业节水区划空间格局研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2018(4):28-33,39.(GONG S X,DENG C Y,WANG H R,et al.Agricultural water-saving zoning in Heilongjiang Province based on PSR and Rough set[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2018(4):28-33,39.(in Chinese))
[3]范海燕,朱丹阳,郝仲勇,等.基于AHP和ArcGIS的北京市农业节水区划研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(3):288-293.(FAN H Y,ZHU D Y,HAO Z Y,et al.Agricultural water-saving zoning in Beijing Based on AHP and ArcGIS[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(3):288-293.(in Chinese))doi:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.03.036.
[4]赵伟霞,李久生,杨汝苗,等.基于土壤水分空间变异的变量灌溉作物产量及节水效果[J].农业工程学报,2017,33(2):1-7.(ZHAO W X,LI J S,YANG R M,et al.Yields and water-saving effects of crops as affected by variable rate irrigation management based on soil water spatial variation[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2017,33(2):1-7.(in Chinese))doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2017.02.001.
[5]褚琳琳.基于因子分析与聚类分析的江苏省节水农业分区研究[J].灌溉排水学报,2014,33(3):137-140.(CHU L L.Arricultural water-saving regionalization using factor analysis in Jiangsu Province[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2014,33(03):137-140.(in Chinese))
[6]马立辉,赵玲,张会芹,等.模糊-动态聚类法在河北省农业节水区划中的应用[J].南水北调与水利科技,2006(1):42-44.(MA L H,ZHAO L,ZHANG H Q,et al.Application of fuzzy-dynamic clustering method in agricultural water-saving regionalization of Hebei Province[J].South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science&Technology,2006(1):42-44.(in Chinese))
[7]吴景社,康绍忠,王景雷,等.基于主成分分析和模糊聚类方法的全国节水灌溉分区研究[J].农业工程学报,2004(4):64-68.(WU J S,KANG S Z,WANG J L,et al.Study on national water-saving irrigation zoning based on principal component analysis and fuzzy clustering method[J].Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2004(4):64-68.(in Chinese))
[8]孙素艳,李云玲,郭东阳,等.河北省供用水现状及水资源平衡分析[J].水利规划与设计,2018(10):62-67.(SUN S Y,LI Y L,GUO D Y,et al.[J].Analysis of water supply and utilization status and water resources balance in Hebei Province[J].Water Resources Planning and Design 2018(10):62-67.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2018.10.017.
[9]郝跃颖.河北地区农业水资源承载力及结构调整探讨[J].水利规划与设计,2017(7):21-23.(HAO Y Y.Discussion on carrying capacity and structural adjustment of agricultural water resources in Hebei[J].Water resources planning and design,2017(7):21-23.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2469.2017.07.008.
[10]袁再健,谢栌乐,张秉文,等.河北平原农田净灌溉耗水研究[J].南水北调与水利科技,2015,13(4):780-784.(YUAN Z J,XIE Q L,ZHANG B W,et al.Study on net irrigation water consumption of farmland in Hebei Plain[J].South-to-North Water Transfer and Water Science&Technology[J].2015,13(4):780-784.(in Chinese))DOI:10.13476/j.cnki.nsbdqk.2015.04.038.
[11]李云玲,郭旭宁,郭东阳,等.水资源承载能力评价方法研究及应用[J].地理科学进展,2017,36(3):342-349.(LI Y L,GUO X N,GUO D Y,et al.Research and application of water resources carrying capacity evaluation methods[J].Progress in Geography,2017,36(3):342-349.(in Chinese))
[12]罗金耀,节水灌溉理论与技术[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2003:125.(LUO J Y,Water-saving irrigation theory and technology[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2003:125.(in Chinese))
[13]刘钰,汪林,倪广恒,等.中国主要作物灌溉需水量空间分布特征[J].农业工程学报,2009,25(12):6-12.(LIU Y,WANG L,NI G H,et al.Spatial distribution characteristics of irrigation water demand for major crops in China[J].Ransactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,2009,25(12):6-12.(in Chinese))
[14]LUO L,XU X L,CHEN X.Assessing the impact of urban expansion on potential crop yield in China during1990-2010[J].Food Security,2015,7(1):33-43.
[15]赵唯茜,杜华明,董廷旭,等.2005-2014年南方农牧交错带净初级生产力时空分布特征[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(6):236-241.(ZHAO W X,DU H M,DONG T X,et al.Spatial and temporal distribution characteristics of net primary productivity in the agropastoral ecotone of South China from 2005to 2014[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(6):236-241.(in Chinese))
[16]王莺,夏文韬,梁天刚,等.基于MODIS植被指数的甘南草地净初级生产力时空变化研究[J].草业学报,2010,19(1):201-210.(WANG Y,XIA W T,LIANGT G,et al.Spatial and temporal changes of net primary productivity of grassland in Gannan based on MO-DIS vegetation index[J].Journal of Grassland Industry,2010,19(1):201-210.(in Chinese))
[17]刘建华,李铭亮,苏剑波,等.有机质含量、地形坡度对土壤保水效果及作物产量的影响[J].湖南农业科学,2017(1):16-18.(LIU J H,LI M L,SU J B,et al.Effects of organic matter content and topographic gradient on soil water conservation and crop yield[J].Hunan Agricultural Science,2017(1):16-18.(in Chinese))DOI:10.16498/j.cnki.hnnykx.2017.001.005.
[18]刘玉凤,黄介生,伍靖伟.基于最大树法的华北地区节水型农业分区[J].中国农村水利水电,2013(12):80-84.(LIU Y F,HUANG J S,WU J W.Water-saving agricultural zoning in North China based on maximum tree method[J].China Rural Water and Hydropower,2013(12):80-84.(in Chinese))
[19]程明瀚,郝仲勇,杨胜利,等.膜下滴灌条件下温室青椒的水氮耦合效应[J].灌溉排水学报,2018,37(11):50-56,68.(CHENG M H,HAO Z Y,YANG S L,et al.Water-nitrogen coupling effect of green pepper in greenhouse under drip irrigation under mulch[J].Journal of Irrigation and Drainage,2018,37(11):50-56,68.(in Chinese))
[20]邢英英.温室番茄滴灌施肥水肥耦合效应研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2015.(XING Y Y.Study on coupling effect of fertilizer,water and Fertilizer on drip irrigation of Tomato in greenhouse[D].Yangling:Northwest University of Agriculture and Forestry,2015.(in Chinese))
[21]夏建国,李廷轩,邓良基,等.主成分分析法在耕地质量评价中的应用[J].西南农业学报,2000(2):51-55.(XIA J G,LI T X,DENG L J,et al.Application of principal component analysis in evaluation of cultivated land quality[J].Journal of Southwest Agriculture,2000(2):51-55.(in Chinese))
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