涉核项目的“污名化”现象及对策研究
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摘要
核电本身具有安全、清洁、高效的特点,但是由于核能的专业特殊性,以及部分公众核能相关知识的欠缺,导致涉核项目"风险的社会放大",同时"邻避现象"加剧了涉核项目易被"污名化"这一现象。笔者分析了核安全和辐射防护学科中的一些基础数据,对比核能风险与其他风险,提出了扩大多层次的核科普教育领域,完善核科普教育形式,建立长期的核科普教育机制,合理调整涉核项目利益分配以及强化信息公开平台能力建设等建议。
Nuclear power is safe, clean and efficient. While social magnification of the risk of nuclear projects occurs due to the specialty and lack of knowledge about nuclear energy by public. The phenomenon of "stigmatization" is aggravated by the "not in my back yard".After analysis of basic data of nuclear safety and radiation protection and comparison of risks between nuclear energy with others, suggestions are given, such as to expand the field and improve the forms of nuclear science popularization education at various levels, to establish a long-term nuclear science popularization education mechanism, to adjust the benefit distribution of nuclear projects reasonably and strengthen the capacity building of information dissemination platform.
Nuclear power is safe, clean and efficient. While social magnification of the risk of nuclear projects occurs due to the specialty and lack of knowledge about nuclear energy by public. The phenomenon of "stigmatization" is aggravated by the "not in my back yard".After analysis of basic data of nuclear safety and radiation protection and comparison of risks between nuclear energy with others, suggestions are given, such as to expand the field and improve the forms of nuclear science popularization education at various levels, to establish a long-term nuclear science popularization education mechanism, to adjust the benefit distribution of nuclear projects reasonably and strengthen the capacity building of information dissemination platform.
引文
[1] 刘岩.风险社会新探[M].北京:中国社会科学出版社,2008.
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[3] 刘进,胥柏波,李婷婷.江门“核争议”的台前幕后[N].南方日报,2013-07-12(12).
[4] 曾鼎.“邻避”之道[EB/OL].[2018-09-30].https://www.xzbu.com/1/view-7376592.htm.
[5] 潘自强,刘森林.中国辐射水平[M].北京:原子能出版社,2010.
[6] 潘自强,马忠海,李旭彤,等.我国煤电链和核电链对健康、环境和气候影响的比较 [J].辐射防护, 2001,21(3):129-145.PAN Ziqiang, MA Zhonghai, LI Xutong, et al. Comparative study of impacts of coal chain and nuclear power chain in china on health, environment and climate[J].Radiation Protection, 2001,21(3):129-145.
[7] 潘自强,陈竹舟,肖雪夫,等.核与辐射事故(事件)中的社会响应问题[J].中国应急管理,2011,(6):23.
[8] 赵仁凯.发展核电对减排二氧化碳的贡献[J].核科学与工程,2003,23(1):1-8.
[9] Manfred Lenzen. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions of nuclear energy: A review[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2008,49:2 178-2 199.
[10] 朱继洲,奚树人,单建强,张斌.核反应堆安全分析[M].西安交通大学出版社,2004:186-187.
[11] 潘自强,陈竹舟,肖雪夫,等.由核事故看核与辐射安全[J].中国核工业,2011,20(3):26-31.
[12] 花明,陈润羊.我国核安全法律体系研究[J].核安全,2009,(1):39-45.
[13] 方芗.社会信任重塑与环境生态风险治理研究[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2014,42(5):67-73.
[2] 李培乐.新闻媒体的“污名化”探析[J].青年记者,2016,(8):11-12.
[3] 刘进,胥柏波,李婷婷.江门“核争议”的台前幕后[N].南方日报,2013-07-12(12).
[4] 曾鼎.“邻避”之道[EB/OL].[2018-09-30].https://www.xzbu.com/1/view-7376592.htm.
[5] 潘自强,刘森林.中国辐射水平[M].北京:原子能出版社,2010.
[6] 潘自强,马忠海,李旭彤,等.我国煤电链和核电链对健康、环境和气候影响的比较 [J].辐射防护, 2001,21(3):129-145.PAN Ziqiang, MA Zhonghai, LI Xutong, et al. Comparative study of impacts of coal chain and nuclear power chain in china on health, environment and climate[J].Radiation Protection, 2001,21(3):129-145.
[7] 潘自强,陈竹舟,肖雪夫,等.核与辐射事故(事件)中的社会响应问题[J].中国应急管理,2011,(6):23.
[8] 赵仁凯.发展核电对减排二氧化碳的贡献[J].核科学与工程,2003,23(1):1-8.
[9] Manfred Lenzen. Life cycle energy and greenhouse gas emissions of nuclear energy: A review[J].Energy Conversion and Management,2008,49:2 178-2 199.
[10] 朱继洲,奚树人,单建强,张斌.核反应堆安全分析[M].西安交通大学出版社,2004:186-187.
[11] 潘自强,陈竹舟,肖雪夫,等.由核事故看核与辐射安全[J].中国核工业,2011,20(3):26-31.
[12] 花明,陈润羊.我国核安全法律体系研究[J].核安全,2009,(1):39-45.
[13] 方芗.社会信任重塑与环境生态风险治理研究[J].兰州大学学报(社会科学版),2014,42(5):67-73.