广东省不同区域农田土壤酸化时空变化及其影响因素
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摘要
基于广东省1980s、2010年以及2015年3期土壤数据,对全省不同区域农田耕作层土壤pH值的时空变异特征进行分析,并初步探讨了可能导致土壤pH变化的因素.结果表明:不同时期广东全省土壤pH值空间分布格局变化显著.全省农田土壤在1980s—2010年间,pH整体下降了0.3,呈酸化趋势,2010—2015年,土壤pH上升了0.09,但不均匀势态有所增强,酸碱分化趋势较明显.从各区域看,1980s—2010年,各区域土壤均呈现酸化趋势; 2010—2015年,珠三角地区农田土壤pH均值上升了0.27,而东、西两翼土壤pH均值分别下降了0.05、0.15,山区土壤pH变化不明显.分析表明:广东省各地区土壤酸化除受土壤自身及降水等自然因素影响外,酸雨、不合理施肥以及高产作物高复种的种植结构等人为因素也是导致土壤酸化的主要原因;工业化、城市化、矿山开发和测土配方施肥的推广导致局部地区土壤pH值有所上升.研究结果可为不同区域控制缓解土壤酸化、提高耕地质量提供理论指导.
Based on the three datasets from 1980 s,2010 and 2015 in Guangdong Province,we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of soil pH in farmlands in different regions of Guangdong Province and analyzed the driving factors for such variations. The results showed that the spatial distribution of soil pH in Guangdong Province changed significantly in different periods. During1980 s to 2010,soil pH showed an acidification trend with a decline of 0.3,and increased by 0.09 from 2010 to 2015,with more uneven trend and more obvious acid base differentiation. From the perspective of each region,there was generally a trend of acidification from the 1980 s to 2010. From2010 to 2015,the average pH value of farmland soil in the Pearl River Delta increased by 0.27,while that on the east wing and west wing decreased by 0.05 and 0.15 respectively,showing a unapparent change of soil pH in the mountainous area. Our results showed that soil acidification in different areas of Guangdong Province was affected by natural factors such as soil itself and precipitation.In addition,anthropogenic factors such as acid rain,unreasonable fertilization and the planting structure of high-yielding crops were also the main causes of soil acidification. Industrialization,urbanization,mining development,and the spread of soil testing formula fertilization increased soil pH in local areas. Our results could provide theoretical guidance for controlling and alleviating soil acidification and improving the quality of cultivated land in different areas.
Based on the three datasets from 1980 s,2010 and 2015 in Guangdong Province,we analyzed the spatial and temporal variations of soil pH in farmlands in different regions of Guangdong Province and analyzed the driving factors for such variations. The results showed that the spatial distribution of soil pH in Guangdong Province changed significantly in different periods. During1980 s to 2010,soil pH showed an acidification trend with a decline of 0.3,and increased by 0.09 from 2010 to 2015,with more uneven trend and more obvious acid base differentiation. From the perspective of each region,there was generally a trend of acidification from the 1980 s to 2010. From2010 to 2015,the average pH value of farmland soil in the Pearl River Delta increased by 0.27,while that on the east wing and west wing decreased by 0.05 and 0.15 respectively,showing a unapparent change of soil pH in the mountainous area. Our results showed that soil acidification in different areas of Guangdong Province was affected by natural factors such as soil itself and precipitation.In addition,anthropogenic factors such as acid rain,unreasonable fertilization and the planting structure of high-yielding crops were also the main causes of soil acidification. Industrialization,urbanization,mining development,and the spread of soil testing formula fertilization increased soil pH in local areas. Our results could provide theoretical guidance for controlling and alleviating soil acidification and improving the quality of cultivated land in different areas.
引文
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[22] Xue L-F(薛丽芳). Fine Regionalization of Typical Economic Crops in Guangdong Province. Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Engineering,2011(in Chinese)
[23] Guangdong Statistics Bureau(广东省统计局). Guangdong Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016(in Chinese)
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[25] Editorial Commission of Guangdong Yearbook on Land and Resources(《广东国土资源年鉴》编纂委员会).Guangdong Yearbook on Land and Resources. Guangzhou:Department of Land and Resources of Guangdong Province,2016(in Chinese)
[26] Huang B,Shi X,Yu DS,et al. Environmental assessment of small-scale vegetable farming systems in periurban areas of the Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Agriculture, Ecosystems&Environment, 2006, 112:391-402
[27] Liao B-H(廖柏寒),Jiang Q(蒋青). The importance of salt ions in acid rain in China. Agro-Environmental Protection(农业环境保护),2001,20(4):254-256(in Chinese)
[28] Peng J(彭靖). Analysis of energy structure and air pollution in Guangdong Province. Guangdong Science and Technology(广东科技),2003(7):58-59(in Chinese)
[29] Qin P(秦鹏),Du Y-D(杜尧东),Liu J-L(刘锦銮),et al. Distribution characteristics of acid rain in Guangdong Province and its influencing factors. Journal of Tropical Meteorology(热带气象学报),2006,22(3):297-300(in Chinese)
[30] Wang J-D(汪吉东),Xu X-J(许仙菊),Ning Y-W(宁运旺),et al. Research progress on main agricultural driving factors of soil accelerated acidification. Soils(土壤),2015,47(4):627-633(in Chinese)
[31] Wang M-X(王明新),Min H(闵慧),Xia X-F(夏训峰),et al. Life cycle environmental benefit analysis of soil testing and formulated fertilization project for winter wheat in Liaocheng City. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2012,32(02):506-512(in Chinese)
[32] Luo X-J(罗小娟),Feng S-Y(冯淑怡),Shi X-P(石晓平),et al. Farm households’adoption behavior of environment friendly technology and the evaluation of their environmental and economic effects in Taihu basin:Taking formula fertilization by soil testing technology as an example. Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2013,28(11):1891-1902(in Chinese)
[33] Guangdong Soil Census Office(广东省土壤普查办公室). Guangdong Soil. Beijing:Science Press,1993(in Chinese)
[34] Hu M(胡敏),Xiang Y-S(向永生),Zhang Z(张智),et al. Variation characteristics of farmland soil p H in the past 30 years of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,Hubei,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(4):1289-1297(in Chinese)
[35] Gao Y-M(高艳梅). The Effect of Industrialization and Urbanization on the Farmland Quality. PhD Thesis. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2006(in Chinese)
[36] Guangdong Statistics Bureau(广东省统计局). Guangdong Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2000(in Chinese)
[2] Blamey FPC,Nishizawa NK,Yoshimura E. Timing,magnitude,and location of initial soluble aluminum injuries to mung bean roots. Journal of Nutrition and Soil Science,2004,50:67-76
[3] Stass A,Horst WJ. Chemistry,Biochemistry,and Biology of 1-3 Beta Glucans and Related Polysaccharides.New York:Academic Press,2009
[4] Weng J-H(翁建华),Huang L-F(黄连芬),Liu X-R(刘晓茹),et al. Acidification of soils and aluminum species in natural soil solution. China Environmental Science(中国环境科学),2000,20(6):501-505(in Chinese)
[5] Bolan NS,Adriano DC,Curtin D. Soil acidification and liming interactions with nutrient and heavy metal transformation and bioavailability. Advances in Agronomy,2003,78:215-272
[6] Spurgeon DJ,Lofts S,Hankard PK,et al. Effect of p H on metal speciation and resulting metal uptake and toxicity for earthworms. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry,2006,25:788-796
[7] TichR,Ndl V,Ku6el S,et al. Increased cadmium availability to crops on a sewage-sludge emended soil.Water,Air and Soil Pollution,1997,94:361-372
[8] Sun H(孙慧),Bi R-T(毕如田),Yuan Y-Z(袁宇志),et al. Influence factors analysis and evaluation of soil Cd in Guangdong Province. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2016,36(11):4173-4183(in Chinese)
[9] Rensburg LV,Kruger GHJ,Krüger H. Assessing the drought-resistance adaptive advantage of some anatomical and physiological features in Nicotiana tabacum.Canadian Journal of Botany,1994,72:1445-1454
[10] Ulrich B,Mayer R,Khanna PK. Chemical changes due to acid precipitation in a loess-derived soil in central Europe. Soil Science,1980,130:193-199
[11] Zhang F-S(张福锁). Environmental Stress and Plant Rhizosphere Nutrition. Beijing:China Agriculture Press,1998(in Chinese)
[12] Brown KA. Chemical effects of p H 3 sulphuric acid on a soil profile. Water,Air&Soil Pollution,1987,32:201-218
[13] Wu D-M(吴道铭),Fu Y-Q(傅友强),Yu Z-W(于智卫),et al. Status and control of acidification and aluminum toxicity in red soil in south China. Soils(土壤),2013,45(4):577-584(in Chinese)
[14] Song W-E(宋文恩),Guo X-Y(郭雪雁),Chen S-B(陈世宝),et al. Effects of acidification on the morphology and bioavailability of copper in soil. Journal of Agricultural Environmental Science(农业环境科学学报),2014,33(12):2343-2349(in Chinese)
[15] Guo JH,Liu XJ,Zhang Y,et al. Significant acidification in major Chinese croplands. Science,2010,327:1008-1010
[16] Guo Z-X(郭治兴),Wang J(王静),Chai M(柴敏),et al. Spatiotemporal variation of soil p H in Guangdong Province of China in past 30 years. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(2):425-430(in Chinese)
[17] Xu R-K(徐仁扣),Coventry DR. Soil acidification as influenced by some agricultural practices. Agro-environmental Protection(农业环境保护),2002,21(5):385-388(in Chinese)
[18] Zhao Q-G(赵其国),Luo Y-M(骆永明),Teng Y(滕应),et al. Strategic thinking on soil protection in China. Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2009,46(6):1140-1145(in Chinese)
[19] Xu J-P(徐金鹏),Zhao D-H(赵东辉),Ye Q(叶前). Guangdong:New journey to the new development of new play. Guangzhou Daily(广州日报),2017-09-11(A01)(in Chinese)
[20] Liu Z-Y(刘昭云). Evaluation and coordinated development countermeasures of Guangdong regional economic development. Economic Geography(经济地理),2010,30(5):723-727(in Chinese)
[21] Shi M-K(石明奎),Peng Y(彭昱),Qiu X-M(邱晓敏),et al. On accumulated environmental effect and ecological security during economic activities of ethnic regions of upper reaches of Pearl River:Taking Sandu Autonomous County of the Shuis as an example. China Population,Resources and Environment(中国人口·资源与环境),2006,16(1):88-91(in Chinese)
[22] Xue L-F(薛丽芳). Fine Regionalization of Typical Economic Crops in Guangdong Province. Master Thesis.Nanjing:Nanjing University of Information Engineering,2011(in Chinese)
[23] Guangdong Statistics Bureau(广东省统计局). Guangdong Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016(in Chinese)
[24] Editorial Commission of Guangdong Statistical Yearbook on Agriculture(《广东农村统计年鉴》编纂委员会).Guangdong Statistical Yearbook on Agriculture. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2016(in Chinese)
[25] Editorial Commission of Guangdong Yearbook on Land and Resources(《广东国土资源年鉴》编纂委员会).Guangdong Yearbook on Land and Resources. Guangzhou:Department of Land and Resources of Guangdong Province,2016(in Chinese)
[26] Huang B,Shi X,Yu DS,et al. Environmental assessment of small-scale vegetable farming systems in periurban areas of the Yangtze River Delta Region,China.Agriculture, Ecosystems&Environment, 2006, 112:391-402
[27] Liao B-H(廖柏寒),Jiang Q(蒋青). The importance of salt ions in acid rain in China. Agro-Environmental Protection(农业环境保护),2001,20(4):254-256(in Chinese)
[28] Peng J(彭靖). Analysis of energy structure and air pollution in Guangdong Province. Guangdong Science and Technology(广东科技),2003(7):58-59(in Chinese)
[29] Qin P(秦鹏),Du Y-D(杜尧东),Liu J-L(刘锦銮),et al. Distribution characteristics of acid rain in Guangdong Province and its influencing factors. Journal of Tropical Meteorology(热带气象学报),2006,22(3):297-300(in Chinese)
[30] Wang J-D(汪吉东),Xu X-J(许仙菊),Ning Y-W(宁运旺),et al. Research progress on main agricultural driving factors of soil accelerated acidification. Soils(土壤),2015,47(4):627-633(in Chinese)
[31] Wang M-X(王明新),Min H(闵慧),Xia X-F(夏训峰),et al. Life cycle environmental benefit analysis of soil testing and formulated fertilization project for winter wheat in Liaocheng City. Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae(环境科学学报),2012,32(02):506-512(in Chinese)
[32] Luo X-J(罗小娟),Feng S-Y(冯淑怡),Shi X-P(石晓平),et al. Farm households’adoption behavior of environment friendly technology and the evaluation of their environmental and economic effects in Taihu basin:Taking formula fertilization by soil testing technology as an example. Journal of Natural Resources(自然资源学报),2013,28(11):1891-1902(in Chinese)
[33] Guangdong Soil Census Office(广东省土壤普查办公室). Guangdong Soil. Beijing:Science Press,1993(in Chinese)
[34] Hu M(胡敏),Xiang Y-S(向永生),Zhang Z(张智),et al. Variation characteristics of farmland soil p H in the past 30 years of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture,Hubei,China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2017,28(4):1289-1297(in Chinese)
[35] Gao Y-M(高艳梅). The Effect of Industrialization and Urbanization on the Farmland Quality. PhD Thesis. Nanjing:Nanjing Agricultural University,2006(in Chinese)
[36] Guangdong Statistics Bureau(广东省统计局). Guangdong Statistical Yearbook. Beijing:China Statistics Press,2000(in Chinese)