湖南省阳明山山顶苔藓矮林优势种空间分布格局
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摘要
山顶苔藓矮林是亚热带山地常绿阔叶林区在极端气候与环境条件下发育的一种群落变型,通过研究优势植物的分布格局与规模,可以有效地指导植被保护与管理活动。在湖南阳明山国家级自然保护区的山顶苔藓矮林区设置3个样地,应用相邻格子法对优势种云锦杜鹃(Rhododendron fortunei)进行每木调查,在不同取样尺度(面积)上采用方差/均值比率法(v/m)、负二项参数(k)、丛生指数(I)、平均拥挤度(m~*)、聚块性指数(m~*/m)、聚集指数(C_a)和格林指数(GI)等聚集强度指数对云锦杜鹃种群分布格局进行分析。结果表明:阳明山山顶苔藓矮林优势种云锦杜鹃种群在北、南、东三个方位上的空间分布格局总体上为聚集分布,随着取样尺度的增大,聚集格局强度和规模依次减弱;而山顶苔藓矮林优势种群不同年龄阶段的空间分布特征为随着种群年龄的增大,其空间分布格局呈聚集强向聚集弱、以至于向随机分布发展;阳明山山顶苔藓矮林优势种群及其分布格局形成的主要原因是云锦杜鹃种群本身的种子繁殖及传播方式和类营养繁殖等生物学特性及方位、坡向等环境因子影响所致。
The mountaintop mossy dwarf forest is a community of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical mountains facing extreme climatic and environmental conditions. Understanding the distribution pattern and scale of the dominant tree species in this forest can provide insights for effective management measures and an understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly in subtropical forests. In this study, we established 3 plots to explore the distribution patterns of dominant species in a mountaintop mossy dwarf forest in three directions in the Yangming Mountains in Hunan Province, China. An adjacent lattice method was used to survey dominant species(i.e., Rhododendron fortunei). At seven spatial scales, aggregation intensity indexes such as variance/mean ratio(v/m), negative binomial parameter(k), clumping index(I), mean crowding index(m~*), patchiness index(m~*/m), aggregation index(C_a), and Green index(GI) were used to analyze distribution patterns of populations. The results showed that the dominant species in the northern, southern, and eastern plots presented a clumped distribution. However, with increasing surveying scales, the distribution patterns changed from clustered to uniform, and the intensity and size of the aggregation pattern decreased. The spatial distribution characteristics at different developmental stages showed that population aggregation intensities developed from strong via weak to random. Population dominance and resultant distribution patterns were mainly caused by biological characteristics such as seed propagation and vegetative reproduction, and the influence of environmental factors, such as plot orientation and slope direction.
The mountaintop mossy dwarf forest is a community of evergreen broad-leaved forests in subtropical mountains facing extreme climatic and environmental conditions. Understanding the distribution pattern and scale of the dominant tree species in this forest can provide insights for effective management measures and an understanding of the mechanisms of community assembly in subtropical forests. In this study, we established 3 plots to explore the distribution patterns of dominant species in a mountaintop mossy dwarf forest in three directions in the Yangming Mountains in Hunan Province, China. An adjacent lattice method was used to survey dominant species(i.e., Rhododendron fortunei). At seven spatial scales, aggregation intensity indexes such as variance/mean ratio(v/m), negative binomial parameter(k), clumping index(I), mean crowding index(m~*), patchiness index(m~*/m), aggregation index(C_a), and Green index(GI) were used to analyze distribution patterns of populations. The results showed that the dominant species in the northern, southern, and eastern plots presented a clumped distribution. However, with increasing surveying scales, the distribution patterns changed from clustered to uniform, and the intensity and size of the aggregation pattern decreased. The spatial distribution characteristics at different developmental stages showed that population aggregation intensities developed from strong via weak to random. Population dominance and resultant distribution patterns were mainly caused by biological characteristics such as seed propagation and vegetative reproduction, and the influence of environmental factors, such as plot orientation and slope direction.
引文
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[34] 张维,李海燕,赖晓辉,杨允菲.新疆天山峡谷不同坡向野核桃种群分布格局.应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3105- 3113.
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[38] 金则新,周荣满,叶立新.猴头杜鹃种群结构和分布格局研究.安徽农业科学,2006,34(22):5860- 5862,5953- 5953.
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[43] 兰国玉,雷瑞德,安锋,赵永华,陈伟.秦岭华山松种群格局规模与林窗特征,生态学杂志,2006,25(6):652- 656.
[2] 王本洋,余世孝.种群分布格局的多尺度分析.植物生态学报,2005,29(2):235- 241.
[3] 李先琨,黄玉清,苏宗明.元宝山南方红豆杉种群分布格局及动态.应用生态学报,2000,11(2):169- 172.
[4] Wiegand T,Moloney K A.Rings,circles,and null-models for point pattern analysis in ecology.Oikos,2004,104(2):209- 229.
[5] 张金屯.数量生态学.北京:科学出版社,2004.
[6] 陈志阳,杨宁,姚先铭,田小梅,杨满元.贵州雷公山秃杉种群生活史特征与空间分布格局.生态学报,2012,32(7):2158- 2165.
[7] 周纪纶,郑师章,杨恃.植物种群生态学.北京:高等教育出版社,1992:96- 123.
[8] 王峥峰,安树青,朱学雷,Campell D G,杨小波.热带森林乔木种群分布格局及其研究方法的比较.应用生态学报,1998,9(6):575- 580.
[9] 蔡飞,宋永昌.武夷山木荷种群结构和动态的研究.植物生态学报,1997,21(2):138- 148.
[10] 祝燕,白帆,刘海丰,李文超,李亮,李广起,王顺忠,桑卫国.北京暖温带次生林种群分布格局与种间空间关联性.生物多样性,2011,19(2):252- 259.
[11] 杨慧,娄安如,高益军,宋宏涛.北京东灵山地区白桦种群生活史特征与空间分布格局.植物生态学报,2007,31(2):272- 282.
[12] 林玥,任坚毅,岳明.太白山红桦种群结构与空间分析.植物生态学报,2008,32(6):1335- 1345.
[13] 白聪,闫明,毕润成,何艳华.山西太岳山兴唐寺红柄白鹃梅群落优势种的空间格局分析.植物生态学报,2014,38(12):1283- 1295.
[14] 张峰,上官铁梁.山西翅果油树群落优势种群分布格局研究.植物生态学报,2000,24(5):590- 594.
[15] 高福元,赵成章,卓马兰草.高寒退化草地不同海拔梯度狼毒种群分布格局及空间关联性.生态学报,2014,34(3):605- 612.
[16] 吴征镒.中国植被.北京:科学出版社,1995.
[17] 肖扬,郭晋平,田双宝,薛俊杰.气候变化对森林生态系统的影响及研究对策.中国农业气象,1998,19(1):20- 25.
[18] 彭华,杨世雄,孔冬瑞.无量山山顶苔藓矮林植物区系特征研究.云南大学学报:自然科学版,2001,23(植物学特辑):5- 10.
[19] 叶居新.中国的猴头杜鹃矮林.武汉植物学研究,1994,12(2):170- 174.
[20] Levine J M.A patch modeling approach to the community-level consequences of directional dispersal.Ecology,2003,84(5):1215- 1224.
[21] Holder C D.Rainfall interception and fog precipitation in a tropical montane cloud forest of Guatemala.Forest Ecology and Management,2004,190(2/3):373- 384.
[22] 徐捷,王希华.中国山顶苔藓矮曲林的分布及其特征.华东师范大学学报:自然科学版,2010,(4):44- 57.
[23] 龙文兴,臧润国,丁易.海南岛霸王岭热带山地常绿林和热带山顶矮林群落特征.生物多样性,2011,19(5):558- 566.
[24] 解丹丹,苏志尧.广东石门台亚热带典型常绿阔叶林和亚热带山顶矮林群落特征.植物科学学报,2014,32(4):355- 361.
[25] 邓贤兰,曹裕松,梁琴,龙婉婉.井冈山山顶矮林乔木层优势种的生态位研究.植物资源与环境学报,2016,25(1):88- 93.
[26] 施济普.云南山顶苔藓矮林群落生态学与生物地理学研究[D].西双版纳:中国科学院研究生院(西双版纳热带植物园),2007:6.
[27] 尹爱国,贾小容,苏志尧,李彩红.广东石门台自然保护区山顶矮林植物区系的研究.华南农业大学学报,2005,26(2):86- 90.
[28] 李泽西,刘文耀,陈林,宋亮.哀牢山山顶苔藓矮林林冠腐殖土的养分含量和微生物生物量特征.山地学报,2011,29(1):26- 32.
[29] 尹爱国,李彩红,卢东.广东英德石门台自然保护区山顶矮林物种多样性分析.茂名学院学报,2004,14(1):25- 29.
[30] 陈艳华,龙岳林,彭重华.湖南省阳明山山顶苔藓矮林物种组成与多样性的十年动态.应用生态学报,2018,29(7):2111- 2120.
[31] 方精云,王襄平,沈泽昊,唐志尧,贺金生,于丹,江源,王志恒,郑成洋,朱江玲,郭兆迪.植物群落清查的主要内容、方法和技术规范.生物多样性,2009,17(16):533- 548.
[32] Frost I,Rydin H.Spatial pattern and size distribution of the animal-dispersed tree Quercus robur in two spruce-dominated forests.écoscience,2000,7(1):38- 44.
[33] 曲仲湘,文振旺,朱克贵.南京灵谷寺森林现况的分析.植物学报,1952,1(1):18- 49.
[34] 张维,李海燕,赖晓辉,杨允菲.新疆天山峡谷不同坡向野核桃种群分布格局.应用生态学报,2016,27(10):3105- 3113.
[35] 赵正帅,郑亚琼,梁继业,韩占江,李志军.塔里木河流域胡杨和灰叶胡杨克隆分株空间分布格局.应用生态学报,2016,27(2):403- 411.
[36] 刘万德,苏建荣,王梦君,王家炳,李少文,杨立静,罗发兰,杨柏.滇西北云南红豆杉种群空间分布格局.西北林学院学报,2012,27(6):131- 138.
[37] 郑元润.大青沟森林植物群落主要木本植物种群分布格局及动态的研究.植物学通报,1998,15(6):52- 58.
[38] 金则新,周荣满,叶立新.猴头杜鹃种群结构和分布格局研究.安徽农业科学,2006,34(22):5860- 5862,5953- 5953.
[39] 刘贵峰,丁易,臧润国,郭仲军,张新平,成克武,白志强,巴哈尔古丽·阿尤甫.天山云杉种群分布格局.应用生态学报,2011,22(1):9- 13.
[40] 刘贵峰,刘玉平,程伟燕,白日吐,安立伟,张志威.大青沟自然保护区主要森林群落优势种的种群分布格局.生态学杂志,2016,35(8):2082- 2087.
[41] Gavrikov V,Stoyan D.The use of marked point processes in ecological and environmental forest studies.Environmental and Ecological Statistics,1995,2(4):331- 344.
[42] Greig-Smith P.Quantitative Plant Ecology.3rd ed.Oxford:Blackwell Scientific Publications,1983.
[43] 兰国玉,雷瑞德,安锋,赵永华,陈伟.秦岭华山松种群格局规模与林窗特征,生态学杂志,2006,25(6):652- 656.