碧玉杨叶形态结构与生理特性对干旱的响应
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摘要
【目的】以群众杨为对照,探讨干旱胁迫下碧玉杨的叶形态、结构和光合、水分生理特性的关系及其影响植株生物量积累的内在成因,进一步揭示碧玉杨和群众杨的抗旱机制,为区域造林绿化杨树的抗旱生理研究和品种推广提供参考。【方法】以碧玉杨与和群众杨1年生扦插苗为研究对象,应用盆栽控水法模拟干旱条件,对比分析不同干旱胁迫程度下2个品种的叶面积、叶脉密度、叶氮素利用效率、光合特性及叶水分输导能力的响应,及其对植株生物量和抗旱能力的影响。【结果】干旱胁迫程度加剧,2个杨树品种的叶脉密度(LVD)和单位干质量叶氮含量(N_(mass))上升,碧玉杨的LVD增幅大、N_(mass)增幅小;净光合速率(P_n)、植株总光合速率(PTL)、最大净光合速率(P_(nmax))、光合日累积量、蒸腾日累积量、叶导水率(K_(leaf))、水分利用效率(WUE)、光合氮利用效率(PNUE)、叶面积(LA)以及植株生物量(TB)均下降,碧玉杨的降幅均小。相较群众杨而言,碧玉杨的LA、LVD、PNUE、TB和日均耗水量在干旱胁迫前后均高,P_n、K_(leaf)、WUE和N_(mass)在干旱胁迫前后均低,PTL和Tr日累积在中度和重度干旱胁迫下高,P_(nmax)、P_n日累积和Tr在重度干旱胁迫下高。PTL较Pn与TB相关关系更紧密,PNUE较N_(mass)与TB相关关系更紧密。【结论】干旱胁迫下碧玉杨的叶形态结构与生理特性呈现出低效水分利用、高效叶形态结构调整、高效氮素利用和高效光合固碳的平衡制约关系。2个品种的抗旱机制不同,抗旱能力强的碧玉杨其叶结构调整更高效,抗旱能力弱的群众杨其光合特性对干旱更敏感,叶结构与抗旱性关联最大,其次是光合特性。
【Objective】This study aimed to explorethe relationships between leaf morphological structure,photosynthetic characteristics and water physiological characteristics,and the internal causes affecting plant biomass accumulation of Populus euramericana cv. ‘BYu'in comparison with P. popularis '35-44' and further reveal the drought-resistant of P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'and P. popularis ‘35-44',which could lay foundations for the drought physiology research and the promotion of poplar varieties in regional afforestation.【Method 】A pot experiment with one-year-old cuttings of P.popularis‘35-44' and P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'was conducted to investigate the effect of different drought stress on leaf area(LA),leaf vein density(LVD),leaf nitrogen use efficiency,photosynthetic characteristics and leaf hydraulic conductance(LHC),and their influence on plant biomass accumulation and drought-resistant ability.【Result】With the increase of drought stress,LVD and leaf nitrogen content per mass(N_(mass)) of two poplar varieties increased,and LVD increased more and Nmasincreased less for P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'.Net photosynthetic rate(P_n),photosynthetic rateper plant(PTL),maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(nmax)),daily accumulation of P_n and Tr,K_(leaf),water use efficiency(WUE),photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE),LA and plant total biomass(TB) all decreased,with decreased less for P. euramericana cv.‘BYu'. Compared with P. popularis ‘35-44',P. euramericana cv.‘BYu'had higher LA,LVD,PNUE,TB,and daily water consumption,lower P_n,K_(leaf),WUE,N_(mass)before and after drought stress,higher PTL,P_(nmax),and daily accumulation of Tr under moderate and severe drought stress,and higher P_(nmax),daily accumulation of P_n,and Tr under severe drought stress. PTL was more closely related to TB than P_n,and,PNUE was more closely related to than N_(mass).【Conclusion 】Under drought stress,the leaf morphological structure and physiological characteristics of P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'presented a balanced constraint relation between inefficient water utilization,efficient adjustment of leaf morphological structure,efficient nitrogen utilization,efficient assimilation of carbon.Drought resistance mechanism of these two varieties wasdifferent,P. euramericana cv.‘BYu ' with strong drought-resistancehad more efficient leaf structure adjustment,P.popularis ‘35-44'with weak drought-resistancehad more sensitive photosynthetic characteristics to drought. Leaf structure was most associated with drought resistance,followed by photosynthetic characteristics.
【Objective】This study aimed to explorethe relationships between leaf morphological structure,photosynthetic characteristics and water physiological characteristics,and the internal causes affecting plant biomass accumulation of Populus euramericana cv. ‘BYu'in comparison with P. popularis '35-44' and further reveal the drought-resistant of P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'and P. popularis ‘35-44',which could lay foundations for the drought physiology research and the promotion of poplar varieties in regional afforestation.【Method 】A pot experiment with one-year-old cuttings of P.popularis‘35-44' and P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'was conducted to investigate the effect of different drought stress on leaf area(LA),leaf vein density(LVD),leaf nitrogen use efficiency,photosynthetic characteristics and leaf hydraulic conductance(LHC),and their influence on plant biomass accumulation and drought-resistant ability.【Result】With the increase of drought stress,LVD and leaf nitrogen content per mass(N_(mass)) of two poplar varieties increased,and LVD increased more and Nmasincreased less for P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'.Net photosynthetic rate(P_n),photosynthetic rateper plant(PTL),maximum net photosynthetic rate(P_(nmax)),daily accumulation of P_n and Tr,K_(leaf),water use efficiency(WUE),photosynthetic nitrogen use efficiency(PNUE),LA and plant total biomass(TB) all decreased,with decreased less for P. euramericana cv.‘BYu'. Compared with P. popularis ‘35-44',P. euramericana cv.‘BYu'had higher LA,LVD,PNUE,TB,and daily water consumption,lower P_n,K_(leaf),WUE,N_(mass)before and after drought stress,higher PTL,P_(nmax),and daily accumulation of Tr under moderate and severe drought stress,and higher P_(nmax),daily accumulation of P_n,and Tr under severe drought stress. PTL was more closely related to TB than P_n,and,PNUE was more closely related to than N_(mass).【Conclusion 】Under drought stress,the leaf morphological structure and physiological characteristics of P.euramericana cv.‘BYu'presented a balanced constraint relation between inefficient water utilization,efficient adjustment of leaf morphological structure,efficient nitrogen utilization,efficient assimilation of carbon.Drought resistance mechanism of these two varieties wasdifferent,P. euramericana cv.‘BYu ' with strong drought-resistancehad more efficient leaf structure adjustment,P.popularis ‘35-44'with weak drought-resistancehad more sensitive photosynthetic characteristics to drought. Leaf structure was most associated with drought resistance,followed by photosynthetic characteristics.
引文
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杜明凤,丁贵杰,赵熙州.2017.不同家系马尾松对持续干旱的响应及抗旱性.林业科学,53(6):21-29.(Du M F,Ding G J,Zhao X Z.2017.Responses to continuous drought stress and drought resistance of different Masson Pine families.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,53(6):21-29.[in Chinese])
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黄承玲,陈训,高贵龙.2011.3种高山杜鹃对持续干旱的生理响应及抗旱性评价.林业科学,47(6):48-55.(Huang C L,Chen X,Gao G L.2011.Physiological response of seedlings of three Azalea species of drought stress and evaluation of drought resistance.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,47(6):48-55.[in Chinese])
黄绢,李丹,王宁宁,等.2016.不同配置方式杨树超短轮伐人工林光合特性及生长差异.林业科学,52(8):131-137.(Huang J,L D,Wang N N,et al.2016.Differences in photosynthetic characteristics and growth in short-rotation poplar of different spacing configurations.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,52(8):131-137.[in Chinese])
李爱平,苏晓华,王晓江,等.2015.欧美杨新品种在内蒙古中西部的引种试验.东北林业大学学报,43(1):5-8.(Li A P,Su X H,Wang X J,et al.2015.Introduction Trial of New Varieties of Populus×euramericana cn in Inner Mongolian.Journal of Northeast Forestry University,43(1):5-8.[in Chinese])
李乐,曾辉,郭大立.2013.叶脉网络功能性状及其生态学意义.植物生态学报,37(7):691-698.(Li L,Zeng H,Guo D L.2013.Leaf venation functional traits and their ecological significance.Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology,37(7):691-698.[in Chinese])
刘建伟,刘雅荣,王世绩.1994.不同杨树无性系光合作用与其抗旱能力的初步研究.林业科学,30(1):83-87.(Liu J W,Liu Y R,Wang S J.1994.Relations between the net photosynthesis and their drought tolerance in six poplar clones.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,30(1):83-87.[in Chinese])
刘忠霞,刘建朝,胡景江.2013.干旱胁迫对苹果树苗活性氧代谢及渗透调节的影响.西北林学院学报,28(2):15-19.(Liu Z X,Liu J C,Hu J J.2013.Effects of drought stress on active oxygen metabolism and contents of osmotic adjustment substances in the leaves of apple seedling.Journal of Northwest Forestry University,28(2):15-19.[in Chinese])
王林,代永欣,郭晋平,等.2016.刺槐苗木干旱胁迫过程中水力学失败和碳饥饿的交互作用.林业科学,52(6):1-9.(Wang L,Dai Y X,Guo J P,et al.2016.Interaction of hydraulic failure and carbon starvation on Robinia pseudoacacia seedlings during drought.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,52(6):1-9.[in Chinese])
徐颖,张瑞雪,曹辉,等.2016.干旱复水对海棠叶片光合蒸腾及水分利用效率的影响.植物生理学报(4):514-524.(Xu Y,Zhang R X,Cao H,et al.2016.Effect of drought and rehydration on photosynthetic transpiration and water use efficiency of crabapple.Plant Physiology Journal,(4):514-524.[in Chinese])
展小云,于贵瑞,盛文萍,等.2012.中国东部南北样带森林优势植物叶片的水分利用效率和氮素利用效率.应用生态学报,23(3):587-594.(Zhan X Y,Yu G R,Sheng W P,et al.2012.Foliar water use efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of dominant plant species in main forests along the North-South Transect of East China.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,23(3):587.[in Chinese])
张江涛,晏增,杨淑红,等.2017.干旱胁迫对杨树品种2025及其2个芽变品种叶片光合生理特征的影响.中南林业科技大学学报,37(3):17-23.(Zhang J,Yan Z,Yang S,et al.2017.Effects of leaf photosynthetic characteristics of poplar 2025 and its two bud mutation varieties under drought stress.Journal of Central South University of Forestry&Technology,37(3):17-23.[in Chinese])
张永平,张英华,王志敏.2011.不同供水条件下冬小麦叶与非叶绿色器官光合日变化特征.生态学报,31(5):1312-1322.(Zhang Y P,Zhang Y H,Wang Z M.2011.Photosynthetic diurnal variation characteristics of leaf and non-leaf organs in winter wheat under different irrigation regimes.Acta Ecologica Sinica,31(5):1312-1322.[in Chinese])
赵燕,董雯怡,张志毅,等.2010.施肥对毛白杨杂种无性系幼苗生长和光合的影响.林业科学,46(4):70-77.(Zhao Y,Dong W Y,Zhang Z Y,et al.2010.Effects of fertilization oseedling growth and photosynthesis of hybrid clone seedlings of Populus tomentosa.Scientia Silvae Sinicae,46(4):70-77.[in Chinese])
Blonder B,Violle C,Bentley L P,et al.2011.Venation networks and the origin of the leaf economics spectrum.Ecology Letters,14(2):91-100.
Brodribb T J,Feild T S,Jordan G J.2007.Leaf maximum photosynthetic rate and venation are linked by hydraulics.Plant Physiology,144(4):1890-1898.
Brodribb T J,Feild T S.2010.Leaf hydraulic evolution led a surge in leaf photosynthetic capacity during early angiosperm diversification.Ecology Letters,13(2):175-83.
Cao X,Jia J,Zhang C,et al.2014.Anatomical,physiological and transcriptional responses of two contrasting poplar genotypes to drought and re-watering.Physiologia Plantarum,151(4):480-494.
Caringella M A,Bongers F J,Sack L.2016.Leaf hydraulic conductance varies with vein anatomy across Arabidopsis thaliana wild-type and leaf vein mutants.Plant Cell&Environment,38(12):2735-2746.
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