天然与改性沸石对土壤Cd污染赋存形态的影响研究
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摘要
试验采用室内培养的方法,研究了不同剂量天然沸石、改性沸石(氯化铵和氯化钙改性)对土壤中重金属Cd赋存形态的影响。结果表明,同一剂量天然沸石与氯化钙改性沸石处理中随时间推移土壤p H先升高后降低,最后趋于稳定,氯化铵改性沸石处理则呈现持续下降的趋势。在整个培养时期,氯化铵改性沸石处理组中土壤交换态Cd含量呈先降低后升高的趋势,在30 d时达到最低值;氯化钙改性沸石与天然沸石处理土壤交换态Cd呈现持续降低的趋势,三者土壤交换态Cd分别降低了18.74～30.82 mg kg~(-1)、18.5～30.12 mg kg-1、13.71～28.28 mg kg~(-1)。三种处理对土壤中残渣态镉的转化率为氯化铵改性沸石>氯化钙改性沸石>天然沸石,50 d时三者残渣态镉含量分别增加了21.48%、18.23%、14.08%。根据土壤pH与土壤交换态Cd含量相关性分析表明,二者呈显著负相关,土壤p H值与改良剂修复土壤重金属污染的修复效率密切相关。
The effects of different amounts of natural or modified zeolites with ammonium chloride(NH4 Cl) and calcium chloride(CaCl_2) on cadmium(Cd) speciation were investigated by the incubation experiment. After the application of natural zeolite and modified zeolites with NH4 Cl at the same level, the soil pH values were firstly increased and then declined, and finally tended to be stable. The CaCl_2-modified zeolite showed a continuously decreased trend. During the whole incubation period, the contents of soil exchangeable Cd after the addition of zeolite treated with NH4 Cl decreased to be the lowest value at 30 d and then increased with incubation time. The contents of soil exchangeable Cd after the addition of natural or modified zeolites with CaCl_2 showed a persistently descend trend. The contents of soil exchangeable Cd were decreased by 18.74-30.82 mg kg~(-1), 18.5-30.12 mg kg~(-1), and 13.71-28.28 mg kg~(-1),respectively. Conversion percentages of soil residual Cd were in the order: NH4 Cl-modified zeolite > CaCl_2-modified zeolite > natural zeolite. At 50 d, the contents of residual Cd increased by 21.48%, 18.23% and 14.08%, respectively.There was a significant negative correlation between soil p H value and the content of soil exchangeable Cd. Soil pH was closely related with the remediation efficiency with the amendments for soil heavy metal pollution.
The effects of different amounts of natural or modified zeolites with ammonium chloride(NH4 Cl) and calcium chloride(CaCl_2) on cadmium(Cd) speciation were investigated by the incubation experiment. After the application of natural zeolite and modified zeolites with NH4 Cl at the same level, the soil pH values were firstly increased and then declined, and finally tended to be stable. The CaCl_2-modified zeolite showed a continuously decreased trend. During the whole incubation period, the contents of soil exchangeable Cd after the addition of zeolite treated with NH4 Cl decreased to be the lowest value at 30 d and then increased with incubation time. The contents of soil exchangeable Cd after the addition of natural or modified zeolites with CaCl_2 showed a persistently descend trend. The contents of soil exchangeable Cd were decreased by 18.74-30.82 mg kg~(-1), 18.5-30.12 mg kg~(-1), and 13.71-28.28 mg kg~(-1),respectively. Conversion percentages of soil residual Cd were in the order: NH4 Cl-modified zeolite > CaCl_2-modified zeolite > natural zeolite. At 50 d, the contents of residual Cd increased by 21.48%, 18.23% and 14.08%, respectively.There was a significant negative correlation between soil p H value and the content of soil exchangeable Cd. Soil pH was closely related with the remediation efficiency with the amendments for soil heavy metal pollution.
引文
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[3]程华丽.土壤镉污染机器修复技术研究进展[J].生物学教学,2011,36(8):8-10.
[4]胡振琪,杨秀红,张迎春.重金属污染土壤的粘土矿物与菌根稳定化修复技术[M].北京:地质出版社,2006:15
[5] JORDAO C P, FIALHO L L, NEVES J C L, et al. Reduction of heavy metal contents in liquid effluents by vermicomposts and the use of the metal-enriched vermicomposts in lettuce cultivation[J].Bioresource Technology, 2007, 98(15):2800-2813.
[6]张莉,赵保卫,李瑞瑞.沸石改良土壤的研究进展[J].环境科学与管理,2012,37(1):39-43.
[7]蒙柳东,宋波.沸石在重金属污染土壤修复中的应用进展[J].吉林农业,2011,3:200
[8] GARAU G, CASTALDI P, SANTONA L,et al.Influence of red mud,zeolite and lime on heavy metal immobilization,cultural heterotrophic microbial populations and enzyme activities in acontaminated soil[J].Geoderma,2007,142(1-2):47-57.
[9] SHI W Y, SHAO H B, LI H, et al. Progress in the remediation of hazardous heavy metal-polluted soils by natural zeolite[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2009,170(1):1-6.
[10]王秀丽,梁成华,马子惠,等.施用磷酸盐和沸石对土壤Cd形态转化的影响[J].环境科学,2015,36(4):1437-1444.
[11] FARD N E,GIVI J, HOUSHMAND S.The effect of zeolite, bentonite andsepiolite minerals on heavy metal uptake by sunflower[J].Journal of Scienceand Technology of Greenhouse Culture,2015,6(21):55-64.
[12]吴岩,杜立宇,梁成华,等.生物炭与沸石混施对不同污染土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].水土保持学报,2018,32(1):286-290.
[13]陈春霞,卢瑛,尹伟,等.骨粉与沸石对污染土壤中铅和镉生物有效性的影响[J].广东农业科学,2011, 14:60-62.
[14]谢飞,梁成华,孟庆欢,等.添加天然沸石和石灰对土壤镉形态转化的影响[J].环境工程学报,2014, 8(8):3505-3510.
[15]王萌，房春生,颜昌宙,等.沸石的改性及其对氨氮与重金属的吸附研究[D].吉林:吉林大学,2013.
[16]熊仕娟.纳米沸石对Cd污染土壤的修复效应及机理研究[D].重庆:西南大学,2016.
[17] SAYED Y K, POURYA B, ELHAM A.Cerastodermalamarcki shell as a natural, low and new adsorbent to removal of dye pollutant from aqueous solutions:Equilibrium and kinetic studies[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2016, 88:82-89.
[18]刘清,王子健,汤鸿霄.重金属形态与生物毒性及生物有效性关系的研究进展[J].环境科学, 1996, 17(1):89-92.