黔中喀斯特坡地浅层裂隙土壤机械组成对降雨的响应
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摘要
运用野外取样调查结合室内吸管法,分析黔中喀斯特坡地不同土地利用类型浅层裂隙土壤机械组成随降雨的变化特征,以期为该区地下土壤漏失研究提供理论依据和技术支撑.结果表明:黔中喀斯特坡地浅层裂隙土壤粒径含量总体以粉粒为主,约占57%.在不同降雨量的作用下,坡耕地裂隙土壤颗粒含量变化整体表现为细砂粒含量的减少和粉粒、黏粒含量的增大.草地裂隙土壤颗粒的变化主要是细砂粒含量的减少和黏粒含量的增加.乔木林地和灌木林地裂隙土壤颗粒的变化不规律.降雨量与土壤砂粒含量变化之间存在正相关关系.随着土层深度的增加,各土地利用类型的裂隙对粉粒和极粗砂粒含量的变化有一定影响,其中,粉粒含量随土层深度的增加而减少.
Field sampling and indoor pipette method was used to analyze the variation of soil mechanical composition of shallow Karst fissures in response to rainfall under different land uses in Karst rocky desertification region in central Guizhou. Results would supply important scientific basis and direction for further research of soil leakage in the Karst areas. The results showed that silt was the dominant component in soil mechanical composition of shallow Karst fissures,with a content of57%. In response to rainfall,the contents of silt and clay were increased and that of fine sand was reduced in slope cropland,while the content of fine sand was reduced and that of silt was increased in grassland. The changes of mechanical composition of shallow Karst fissures in forest and shrub land were irregular. Moreover,there was a positive correlation between rainfall and the sand content of shallow Karst fissures. The fissures of land use types had effects on the changes of silt and extremely coarse sand contents with the increase of soil depth,with a decreasing trend of silt.
Field sampling and indoor pipette method was used to analyze the variation of soil mechanical composition of shallow Karst fissures in response to rainfall under different land uses in Karst rocky desertification region in central Guizhou. Results would supply important scientific basis and direction for further research of soil leakage in the Karst areas. The results showed that silt was the dominant component in soil mechanical composition of shallow Karst fissures,with a content of57%. In response to rainfall,the contents of silt and clay were increased and that of fine sand was reduced in slope cropland,while the content of fine sand was reduced and that of silt was increased in grassland. The changes of mechanical composition of shallow Karst fissures in forest and shrub land were irregular. Moreover,there was a positive correlation between rainfall and the sand content of shallow Karst fissures. The fissures of land use types had effects on the changes of silt and extremely coarse sand contents with the increase of soil depth,with a decreasing trend of silt.
引文
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[25] He X(贺祥),Xiong K-N(熊康宁),Chen H-Y(陈洪云),et al. Study on the factor effecting erosionresistance of calcareous soil in karst mountainous area:A case in the Shiqiao catchment of Bijie City,Guizhou Province. Sarsologica Sinica(中国岩溶),2007,26(4):297-303(in Chinese)
[26] Liu W-J(刘文景),Tu C-L(涂成龙),Lang Y-C(郎赟超),et al. Major and trace element compositions of yellow and limestone soils in the Karst Area of Southwest China:Implications for weathering and soil-formation processes. Earth and Environment(地球与环境),2010,38(3):271-279(in Chinese)
[27] Li X(李璇),Yang F(杨帆),Li D-C(李德成),et al. Mode of profile distribution of soil sand content and its affecting factors in the Qilian Mountains.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2017,54(3):854-863(in Chinese)
[28] Wang D(王德),Fu B-J(傅伯杰),Chen L-X(陈利顶),et al. Fractal analysis on soil particle size distributions under different land-use types:A case study in the loess hilly areas of the Loess Plateau,China. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(7):3081-3089(in Chinese)
[29] Hu H-X(胡宏祥),Hong T-Q(洪天求),Ma Y-H(马友华),et al. Study on soil and sediment particle size distribution and nutrient loss. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2007,21(1):26-29(in Chinese)
[30] Wang X-Y(王晓燕),Yin J(尹洁). Variation on soil size and impacting factors during erosion at plot scale. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2010,24(4):113-118(in Chinese)
[31] Wang X-Y(王晓燕),Wang S-J(王世杰),He X-B(贺秀斌),et al. Soil reeping in weathering crusts of carbonate rocks and underground soil losses on karst slopes. Earth and Environment(地球与环境),2007,35(3):202-206(in Chinese)
[32] Guo H-Y(郭红艳),Zhou J-X(周金星). Underground soil and water leakage in Karst rocky desertification areas. Science of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2012,10(5):71-76(in Chinese)
[33] Panagos P,Borrelli P,Meusburger K,et al. Estimating the soil erosion cover-management factor at the European scale. Land Use Policy,2015,48:38-50
[34] Chen X-B(陈雪彬),Yang P-H(杨平恒),Lan J-C(蓝家程),et al. Variation characteristics and environmental significance of trace elements under rainfall condition in karst groundwater. Environmental Science(环境科学),2014,35(1):123-130(in Chinese)
[2] Wei L,Zhang B,Wang M. Effects of antecedent soil moisture on runoff and soil erosion in alley cropping systems. Agricultural Water Management,2007,94:54-62
[3] Yan YJ,Dai QH,Yuan YF,et al. Effects of rainfall intensity on runoff and sediment yields on bare slopes in a karst area,SW China. Geoderma,2018,330:30-40
[4] Zhang X-B(张信宝),Wang S-J(王世杰),Cao J-H(曹建华). Mass balance of silicate minerals in soils and soil losses in the karst mountainous regions of Southwest China. Earth and Environment(地球与环境),2009,37(2):97-102(in Chinese)
[5] Li J(李晋),Xiong K-N(熊康宁),Wang X-P(王仙攀). Observation of subterranean soil and water loss of Karst Area. Soil and Water Conservation in China(中国水土保持),2012(6):38-40(in Chinese)
[6] Luo W-Q(罗为群),Jiang Z-C(蒋忠诚),Han Q-Y(韩清延),et al. Characteristics of soil distribution and erosion at different locations of low-lying area of karst mountain peaks. Soil and Water Conservation in China(中国水土保持),2008(12):46-49(in Chinese)
[7] Luo M,Zhou Y,Wang K. Soil erosion characteristics according to tree-rings in a Karst Area. Journal of Resources and Ecology,2015,6:257-262
[8] Wei X-P(魏兴萍),Xie D-T(谢德体),Ni J-P(倪九派),et al. Soil erosion and loss on slope in karst valley area,Chongqing with137Cs. Journal of Basic Science and Engineering(应用基础与工程科学学报),2015(3):462-473(in Chinese)
[9] Gan Y-X(甘艺贤),Dai Q-H(戴全厚),Fu W-B(伏文兵),et al. Characteristics of soil erosion on Karst slopes under artificial rainfall experiment conditions.Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应生用态学报),2016,27(9):2754-2760(in Chinese)
[10] Feng T,Chen HS,Polyakov VO,et al. Soil erosion rates in two karst peak-cluster depression basins of northwest Guangxi,China:Comparison of the RUSLE model with137Cs measurements. Geomorphology,2016,253:217-224
[11] Bai X. Assessment of sediment and erosion rates by using the caesium-137 technique in a Chinese polygonal karst depression. Environmental Earth Sciences,2011,64:2151-2158
[12] Sun W,Yang H,Zhao QG,et al. Response of~(210)Pb_(ex)inventory to changes in soil erosion rates on uncultivated land. Science Bulletin,2013,58:1725-1730
[13] Cai X-F(蔡雄飞),Wang J(王济),Lei L(雷丽),et al. Laboratorial simulation of different rainfall intensity influence on soil erosion in Southwest Karst Area,China. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2009,23(6):5-8(in Chinese)
[14] Peng X-D(彭旭东),Dai Q-H(戴全厚),Li C-L(李昌兰),et al. Effect of simulated rainfall intensities and underground pore fissure degrees on soil nutrient loss from slope farmlands in Karst Region. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2017,33(2):131-140(in Chinese)
[15] Feng T(冯腾),Chen H-S(陈洪松),Zhang W(张伟),et al.137Cs profile distribution character and its implication for soil erosion on Karst slopes of Northwest Guangxi. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology(应用生态学报),2011,22(3):593-599(in Chinese)
[16] Fu L(付磊),Bai J(白晶). Study on underground soil and water loss based on ground penetrating radar. Soil and Water Conservation in China(中国水土保持),2016(8):52-55(in Chinese)
[17] Navas A,López-Vicente M,Gaspar L,et al. Assessing soil redistribution in a complex karst catchment using fallout137Cs and GIS. Geomorphology, 2013, 196:231-241
[18] Zhao A-H(赵爱辉),Huang M-B(黄明斌),Shi Z-Y(史竹叶). Evaluation of parameter models for estimating loess soil particle-size distribution. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering(农业工程学报),2008,24(1):1-6(in Chinese)
[19] Tang K-L(唐克丽),Zhang Z-Z(张仲子),Kong X-L(孔晓玲). A study of soil loss and soil degradation in the loess plateau. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conversition(水土保持通报),1987(6):12-18(in Chinese)
[20] Peng Q(彭谦). Soil Chemistry Analysis Method.Beijing:Higher Education Press,1959(in Chinese)
[21] Callesen I,Keck H,Andersen TJ. Particle size distribution in soils and marine sediments by laser diffraction using Malvern Mastersizer 2000:Method uncertainty including the effect of hydrogen peroxide pretreatment.Journal of Soils&Sediments,2018,18:2500-2510
[22] Ru H(茹豪),Zhang J-J(张建军),Li Y-T(李玉婷),et al. Fractal features of soil particle size distributions and its effect on soil erosion of Loess Plateau.Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery(农业机械学报),2015,46(4):176-182(in Chinese)
[23] Zhang Y(张燕),Peng B-Z(彭补拙),Gao X(高翔),et al. Impact on soil erosion and soil properties by human disturbance:Case of the low mountains and hills of Yixing,South Jiangsu Province. Scientia Geographica Sinica(地理科学),2002,22(3):336-341(in Chinese)
[24] Wang H-J(王洪杰),Li X-W(李宪文),Shi X-Z(史学正),et al. Distribution of soil nutrient under different land use and relationship between soil nutrient and soil granule composition. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2003,17(2):44-46(in Chinese)
[25] He X(贺祥),Xiong K-N(熊康宁),Chen H-Y(陈洪云),et al. Study on the factor effecting erosionresistance of calcareous soil in karst mountainous area:A case in the Shiqiao catchment of Bijie City,Guizhou Province. Sarsologica Sinica(中国岩溶),2007,26(4):297-303(in Chinese)
[26] Liu W-J(刘文景),Tu C-L(涂成龙),Lang Y-C(郎赟超),et al. Major and trace element compositions of yellow and limestone soils in the Karst Area of Southwest China:Implications for weathering and soil-formation processes. Earth and Environment(地球与环境),2010,38(3):271-279(in Chinese)
[27] Li X(李璇),Yang F(杨帆),Li D-C(李德成),et al. Mode of profile distribution of soil sand content and its affecting factors in the Qilian Mountains.Acta Pedologica Sinica(土壤学报),2017,54(3):854-863(in Chinese)
[28] Wang D(王德),Fu B-J(傅伯杰),Chen L-X(陈利顶),et al. Fractal analysis on soil particle size distributions under different land-use types:A case study in the loess hilly areas of the Loess Plateau,China. Acta Ecologica Sinica(生态学报),2007,27(7):3081-3089(in Chinese)
[29] Hu H-X(胡宏祥),Hong T-Q(洪天求),Ma Y-H(马友华),et al. Study on soil and sediment particle size distribution and nutrient loss. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2007,21(1):26-29(in Chinese)
[30] Wang X-Y(王晓燕),Yin J(尹洁). Variation on soil size and impacting factors during erosion at plot scale. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2010,24(4):113-118(in Chinese)
[31] Wang X-Y(王晓燕),Wang S-J(王世杰),He X-B(贺秀斌),et al. Soil reeping in weathering crusts of carbonate rocks and underground soil losses on karst slopes. Earth and Environment(地球与环境),2007,35(3):202-206(in Chinese)
[32] Guo H-Y(郭红艳),Zhou J-X(周金星). Underground soil and water leakage in Karst rocky desertification areas. Science of Soil and Water Conservation(水土保持学报),2012,10(5):71-76(in Chinese)
[33] Panagos P,Borrelli P,Meusburger K,et al. Estimating the soil erosion cover-management factor at the European scale. Land Use Policy,2015,48:38-50
[34] Chen X-B(陈雪彬),Yang P-H(杨平恒),Lan J-C(蓝家程),et al. Variation characteristics and environmental significance of trace elements under rainfall condition in karst groundwater. Environmental Science(环境科学),2014,35(1):123-130(in Chinese)