可见光催化剂钒酸铋的可控合成及性能研究
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摘要
采用微波水热法,以BiVO_3·5H_2O和NH_4VO_3为原料,通过调控前驱液pH可控合成了不同晶体结构的可见光催化剂BiVO_4。利用X射线衍射(XRD)、紫外–可见漫反射(UV-Vis)、拉曼光谱(Raman)和场放射扫描电镜(SEM)等手段对所制备的样品进行了表征和分析,探讨了不同晶体结构BiVO_4的形成机理;同时以亚甲基蓝和一氧化氮为降解对象,考察了样品的光催化性能。结果表明,当前驱液pH为3～5时,制备的BiVO_4为四方锆石结构(z-t),形貌为微米球;前驱液pH小于2或大于7时,制备的BiVO_4为单斜白钨矿结构(s-m),形貌为多面体。这可能是由于前驱液pH的变化,致使前驱液中钒酸根离子和铋离子的存在形式发生了转变,进而影响BiVO_4的形成历程,使得BiVO_4样品的晶体结构、形貌、晶面裸露以及VO_4四面体等发生了改变。光催化试验结果表明, BiVO_4(s-m)光催化活性优于BiVO_4(s-t)。当前驱液pH为9时,制备的BiVO_4(s-m)样品由于结晶度高、(040)晶面暴露率高和VO_4四面体畸变程度大,表现出优异的光催化活性。
Visible-light-driven photocatalyst BiVO_4 was synthesized via a facile microwave-hydrothermal method using BiVO3·5 H2 O and NH4 VO3 as raw materials. Crystal structure of BiVO_4 photocatalyst could be selectively controlled to be tetragonal or monoclinic by simply adjusting the pH of the precursor solution. The prepared sa mples were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, Raman, and SEM. The mechanism of BiVO_4 formation with different crystal structures was discussed. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic performances of the prepared sample were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue and photocalytic oxidation of NO gas in air under visible light irr adiation. The results showed that BiVO_4(z-t) microsphere was obtained when the precursor pH is 3-5, but when the pH is less than 2 or greater than 7, the as-prepared powders are BiVO_4(s-m) with polyhedron morphology. This may be due to the change of pH that could form transformation of vanadate and bismuth ion in the precursor so lution, and then affect the formation process of BiVO_4, resuting in the change of crystal structure, morphology, crystal surface, and VO_4 tetrahedron of BiVO_4(s-m). The photocatalytic tests indicated that the activity of BiVO_4(s-m) was much better than that of BiVO_4(z-t). The BiVO_4(s-m) sample prepared at pH 9 exhibits excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity, because of its higher crystalline, preferentially exposed facts(040), and higher degree distortion of VO_4~(3-) tetrahedron.
Visible-light-driven photocatalyst BiVO_4 was synthesized via a facile microwave-hydrothermal method using BiVO3·5 H2 O and NH4 VO3 as raw materials. Crystal structure of BiVO_4 photocatalyst could be selectively controlled to be tetragonal or monoclinic by simply adjusting the pH of the precursor solution. The prepared sa mples were characterized by XRD, UV-Vis, Raman, and SEM. The mechanism of BiVO_4 formation with different crystal structures was discussed. Meanwhile, the photocatalytic performances of the prepared sample were evaluated by degradation of methylene blue and photocalytic oxidation of NO gas in air under visible light irr adiation. The results showed that BiVO_4(z-t) microsphere was obtained when the precursor pH is 3-5, but when the pH is less than 2 or greater than 7, the as-prepared powders are BiVO_4(s-m) with polyhedron morphology. This may be due to the change of pH that could form transformation of vanadate and bismuth ion in the precursor so lution, and then affect the formation process of BiVO_4, resuting in the change of crystal structure, morphology, crystal surface, and VO_4 tetrahedron of BiVO_4(s-m). The photocatalytic tests indicated that the activity of BiVO_4(s-m) was much better than that of BiVO_4(z-t). The BiVO_4(s-m) sample prepared at pH 9 exhibits excellent visible-light photocatalytic activity, because of its higher crystalline, preferentially exposed facts(040), and higher degree distortion of VO_4~(3-) tetrahedron.
引文
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[26]OU M,NIE H Y,ZHONG Q,et al.Controllable synthesis of 3DBiVO4 superstructure with visible-light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of NO in gas phase and mechanism analysis.Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2015,17(43):28809-28817.
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[28]DONG S Y,YU C F,LI Y K,et al.Controlled synthesis of T-shaped BiVO4 and enhanced visible light responsive photocatalytic activity.Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2014,211:176-183.
[29]CASTILLO N C,HEEL A,GRAULE T,et al.Flame-assisted synthesis of nanoscale,amorphous and crystalline,spherical BiVO4 with visible-light photocatalytic activity.Applied Catalysis B-Environmental,2010,95:335-347.
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[31]LI C J,ZHANG P,LV R,et al.Selective deposition of Ag3PO4 on monoclinic BiVO4(040)for highly efficient photocatalysis.Small,2013,9(23):3951-3956.
[2]KUDO A,OMORI K,KATO H.A novel aqueous process for preparation of crystal form-controlled and highly crystalline BiVO4powder from layered vanadates at room temperature and its photocatalytic and photophysical properties.Journal of the American Chemical Society,1999,121(49):11459-11467.
[3]PHU N D,HOANG L H,VU P K,et al.Control of crystal phase of BiVO4 nanoparticles synthesized by microwave assisted method.Journal of Materials Science:Materials in Electronics,2016,27(6):6452-6456.
[4]GAO S M,QIAO Q A,ZHAO P P,et al.Synthesis of different morphologies and structures of nano-sized BiVO4 by precipitation method.Chinese Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2007,23(7):1153-1157.
[5]KE D N,PENG T Y,MA L,et al.Effects of hydrothermal temperature on the microstructures of BiVO4 and its phtotcatalytic O2evolution activity under visible light.Inorganic Chemistry,2009,48(11):4685-4691.
[6]GUO Y N,YANG X,MA F Y,et al.Additive-free controllable fabrication of bismuth vanadates and their photocatalytic activity toward dye degradation.Applied Surface Science,2010,256:2215-2222.
[7]GE L,ZHANG X H.Synthesis of novel visible light driven BiVO4photocatalysts via microemulsion process and its photocatalytic performance.Journal of Inorganic Materials,2009,24(3):453-456.
[8]HOU L R,LIAN L,ZHANG L H,et al.Microwave-assisted interfacial hydrothermal fabrication of hydrophobic CdWO4 microspheres as a high-performance photocatalyst.RSC Advances,2014,4(5):2374-2381.
[9]BYZYNSKI G,PEREIRA A P,VOLANTI D P,et al.High-performance ultraviolet-visible driven ZnO morphologies photocatalyst obtained by microwave-assisted hydrothermal method.Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology A:Chemistry,2018,353:358-367.
[10]YU X,ZHAO Z H,SUN D H,et al.Microwave-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of Sn3O4 nanosheet/rGO planar heterostructure for efficient photocatalytic hydrogen generation.Applied Catalysis B:Environmental,2018,227(5):470-476.
[11]PINGMUGANG K,NATTESTAD A,KANGWANSUPAMONKONA,et al.Phase-controlled microwave synthesis of pure monoclinic BiVO4 nanoparticles for photocatalytic dye degradation.Applied Materials Today,2015,1:67-73.
[12]ZHANG H M,LIU J B,WANG H,et al.Rapid microwaveassisted synthesis of phase controlled BiVO4 nanocrystals and research on photocatalytic properties under visible light irradiation.Journal of Nanoparticle Research,2008,10:767-774.
[13]ZHANG A P,ZHANG J Z,CUI N Y,et al.Effects of pH on hydrothermal synthesis and characterization of visible-light-driven BiVO4 photocatalys.Journal of Molecular Catalysis A:Chemical,2009,304:28-32.
[14]TOKUNAGA S,KATO H,KUDO A.Selective preparation of monoclinic and tetragonal BiVO4 with scheelite structure and their photocatalytic properties.Chemistry of Materials,2001,13(12):4624-4628.
[15]XI G C,YE J H.Synthsis of bismuth vanadate nanoplates with exposed{001}facets and enhanced visible-light photocatalytic properties.Chemical Communication,2010,46:1893-1895.
[16]FAN W L,SONG X Y,BU Y X,et al.Selective-control hydrothermal synthesis and formation mechanism of monazite-and zircon-type LaVO4 nanocrystals.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2006,110(46):23247-23254.
[17]GUO J,ZHU Y,ZHANG Y M,et al.Hydrothermal synthesis and visible-light-photocatalytic properties of BiVO4 with different structures and morphologies.Journal of Inorganic Materials,2012,27(1):26-32.
[18]KUDO A,TSUJI I,KATO H.AgInZn7S9 solid solution photocatalyst for H2 evolution from aqueous solutions under visible light irradiation.Chemical Communications,2002,17:1958-1959.
[19]LI G S,ZHANG D Q,YU J C.Ordered mesoporous BiVO4through nanocating:a superior visible light-driven photoctotalyst.Chemistry of Materials,2008,20(12):3983-3992.
[20]JIANG H Y,MENG X,DAI H X,et al.High-performance porous spherical or octapod-like single-crystalline BiVO4 photocatalysts for the removal of phenol and methylene blue under visible-light illumination.Journal of Hazardous Materials,2017,217-218:92-99.
[21]YU J Q,KUDO A.Effects of structure variation on the photocatalytic performance of hydrothermal synthesized BiVO4.Advanced Functional Materials,2006,16:2163-2169.
[22]CHEN Y,ZHOU K C,HUANG S P,et al.Hydrothermal synthesis and photocatalytic property of BiVO4 nanosheets.The Chinese Journal of Nonferrous Metals,2011,21(7):1570-1579.
[23]NIKAM S,JOSHI S.Irreversible phase transition in BiVO4nanostructures synthesized by a polyol method and enhancement in photo degradation of methylene blue.RSC Advances,2016,6:107463-107474.
[24]ZHANG Y F,GONG H H,ZHANG Y,et al.The controllably synthesized octadecahedron-BiVO4 with exposed{111}facets.European Journal of Inorganic Chemistry,2016,6:107463-107474.
[25]SHI W D,YAN Y,YAN X.Microwave-assisted synthesis of nano-scale BiVO4 photocatalysts and their excellent visible-lightdriven photocatalytic activity for the degradation of ciprofloxacin.Chemical Engineering Journal,2013,215-216:740-746.
[26]OU M,NIE H Y,ZHONG Q,et al.Controllable synthesis of 3DBiVO4 superstructure with visible-light-induced photocatalytic oxidation of NO in gas phase and mechanism analysis.Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics,2015,17(43):28809-28817.
[27]PARK H,CHOI W.Photocatalytic reactivities of Nafion-coated TiO2 for the degradation of charged organic compounds under UVor visible light.Journal of Physical Chemistry B,2005,109(23):11667-11674.
[28]DONG S Y,YU C F,LI Y K,et al.Controlled synthesis of T-shaped BiVO4 and enhanced visible light responsive photocatalytic activity.Journal of Solid State Chemistry,2014,211:176-183.
[29]CASTILLO N C,HEEL A,GRAULE T,et al.Flame-assisted synthesis of nanoscale,amorphous and crystalline,spherical BiVO4 with visible-light photocatalytic activity.Applied Catalysis B-Environmental,2010,95:335-347.
[30]THALLURI S M,HUSSAIN M,RUSSO N,et al.Greensynthesized BiVO4 oriented along{040}facets for visible-lightdriven ethylene degradation.Industrial&Engineering Chemistry Research,2014,53:2640-2646.
[31]LI C J,ZHANG P,LV R,et al.Selective deposition of Ag3PO4 on monoclinic BiVO4(040)for highly efficient photocatalysis.Small,2013,9(23):3951-3956.
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