2018年上海市金山区农田土壤重金属检测结果
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摘要
目的了解上海市金山区农田土壤重金属污染状况,为政府和相关部门制定农田土壤环境质量监测方案、采取干预措施提供参考依据和支持。方法按照分层简单随机抽样方法,在上海市金山区内选择5个具有代表性的乡镇、20个行政村(每个乡镇选择4个行政村)作为监测点。通过现场采样、实验室检测及土壤污染评价等方法调查农田土壤重金属污染状况。结果 20个监测点土壤中重金属铅(Pb)、镉(Cd)、铬(Cr)、汞(Hg)、砷(As)含量分别为(30.2±4.03)、(0.15±0.04)、(81±5.71)、(0.142±0.081)和(8.23±0.91)mg/kg,土壤pH平均值为7.16±0.88;5种重金属在20个监测点的单因子污染指数值均<1,表示未被污染;污染指数相对较高的重金属为Cd;土壤的综合污染指数均值为0.399,属清洁级。结论监测点农田土壤未被重金属Pb、Cd、Cr、Hg、As污染,土壤环境质量较好。今后开展农田土壤环境质量监测时可拓宽监测范围,加深土壤采集深度。
[Objective]To ascertain the heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in Jinshan District of Shanghai,provide references and support for the government and relevant departments to formulate monitoring programs for farmland soil environmental quality and take intervention measures.[Methods]A stratified simple random sampling method was used to choose five representative townships and 20 administrative villages( four administrative villages for each township) in Jinshan District of Shanghai as monitoring points. The heavy metal of farmland soil was investigated by field sampling,laboratory testing and soil pollution assessment.[Results]The content of heavy metal lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),mercury(Hg) and arsenic(As) in soil at 20 monitoring sites was(30.2±4.03),(0.15±0.04),(81±5.71),(0.142±0.081) and(8.23±0.91) mg/kg,respectively,and the average value of soil pH was 7.16±0.88. Single factor pollution index values of the five heavy metals at 20 monitoring sites were all less than 1,indicating that there was no pollution. Cadmium was the heavy metal with relatively high pollution index. The average comprehensive pollution index of soil was 0.399,which belonged to clean grade.[Conclusion]The soil of the monitoring sites is not contaminated by the heavy metal Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As,indicating the soil environmental quality is good. In the future,monitoring of soil environmental quality in farmland can broaden the scope of monitoring and deepen the depth of soil collection.
[Objective]To ascertain the heavy metal pollution in farmland soil in Jinshan District of Shanghai,provide references and support for the government and relevant departments to formulate monitoring programs for farmland soil environmental quality and take intervention measures.[Methods]A stratified simple random sampling method was used to choose five representative townships and 20 administrative villages( four administrative villages for each township) in Jinshan District of Shanghai as monitoring points. The heavy metal of farmland soil was investigated by field sampling,laboratory testing and soil pollution assessment.[Results]The content of heavy metal lead(Pb),cadmium(Cd),chromium(Cr),mercury(Hg) and arsenic(As) in soil at 20 monitoring sites was(30.2±4.03),(0.15±0.04),(81±5.71),(0.142±0.081) and(8.23±0.91) mg/kg,respectively,and the average value of soil pH was 7.16±0.88. Single factor pollution index values of the five heavy metals at 20 monitoring sites were all less than 1,indicating that there was no pollution. Cadmium was the heavy metal with relatively high pollution index. The average comprehensive pollution index of soil was 0.399,which belonged to clean grade.[Conclusion]The soil of the monitoring sites is not contaminated by the heavy metal Pb,Cd,Cr,Hg and As,indicating the soil environmental quality is good. In the future,monitoring of soil environmental quality in farmland can broaden the scope of monitoring and deepen the depth of soil collection.
引文
[1]蒋馥阳,张毅,韩雪榕.2013年大连市农村环境土壤卫生监测结果分析[J].中国卫生工程学,2014,13(6):468-470.
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[5]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.土壤质量总汞、总砷、总铅的测定原子荧光法第1部分土壤中总汞的测定:GB/T22105.1-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
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[10]张云,张宇峰,胡忻.南京不同功能区街道路面积尘重金属污染评价与源分析[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(11):1376-1381.
[11]宋志廷,赵玉杰,周其文,等.基于地质统计及随机模拟技术的天津武清区土壤重金属源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2756-2762.
[12]郭晓东,孙岐发,赵勇胜,等.珲春盆地农田重金属分布特征及源解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(9):1875-1883.
[13]郭海彦.浅谈土壤环境质量评价[J].科协论坛(下半月),2009(3):116-117.
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[16]邵金秋,阎秀兰,刘楚琛.河北省典型污灌区农田镉污染特征及环境风险评价[C].中国土壤学会土壤环境专业委员会第二十次会议暨农田土壤污染与修复研讨会,安徽:合肥,2018:2.
[17]刘琼峰,李明德,段建南,等.农田土壤铅、镉含量影响因素地理加权回归模型分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):225-234,300.
[18]STREETS DG,HAO J,WU Y,et al. Anthropogenic mercury emissions in China[J].Atmos Environ,2005,39(40):7789-7806.
[19]李媛珍,周怀平,解文艳,等.长期施肥对褐土及玉米籽粒中Hg含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(3):234-238.
[20]JENNINGS AA.Analysis of worldwide regulatory guidance values for the most commonly regulated elemental surface soil contamination[J/OL].J Environ Manage,2013,118:72-95.[2018-11-28].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23835520.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.062.
[21]宋恒飞,吴克宁,刘霈珈.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):11-14.
[2]朱莉,顾信君,季海峰,等.上海市金山区农村土壤重金属检测结果分析[J].上海预防医学,2014,26(9):491-492.
[3]国家环保局,国家技术监督局.土壤质量铅、镉的测定石墨炉原子吸收分光光度法:GB/T 17141-1997[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,1997.
[4]环境保护部.土壤总铬的测定火焰原子吸收分光光度法:HJ 491-2009[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2009.
[5]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.土壤质量总汞、总砷、总铅的测定原子荧光法第1部分土壤中总汞的测定:GB/T22105.1-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[6]中华人民共和国国家质量监督检验检疫总局.土壤质量总汞、总砷、总铅的测定原子荧光法第2部分土壤中总砷的测定:GB/T22105.2-2008[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2008.
[7]中华人民共和国农业部.土壤p H的测定:NY/T 1377-2007[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2007.
[8]生态环境部,国家市场监督管理总局.土壤环境质量农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行):GB 15618-2018[S].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2018.
[9]夏家淇,骆永明.关于土壤污染的概念和3类评价指标的探讨[J].生态与农村环境学报,2006,22(1):87-90.
[10]张云,张宇峰,胡忻.南京不同功能区街道路面积尘重金属污染评价与源分析[J].环境科学研究,2010,23(11):1376-1381.
[11]宋志廷,赵玉杰,周其文,等.基于地质统计及随机模拟技术的天津武清区土壤重金属源解析[J].环境科学,2016,37(7):2756-2762.
[12]郭晓东,孙岐发,赵勇胜,等.珲春盆地农田重金属分布特征及源解析[J].农业环境科学学报,2018,37(9):1875-1883.
[13]郭海彦.浅谈土壤环境质量评价[J].科协论坛(下半月),2009(3):116-117.
[14]环境保护部,国土资源部.全国土壤污染状况调查公报[N]中国国土资源报,2014-04-18(002).
[15]《金山年鉴》编纂委员会.金山年鉴[M].上海:上海书店出版社,2017.
[16]邵金秋,阎秀兰,刘楚琛.河北省典型污灌区农田镉污染特征及环境风险评价[C].中国土壤学会土壤环境专业委员会第二十次会议暨农田土壤污染与修复研讨会,安徽:合肥,2018:2.
[17]刘琼峰,李明德,段建南,等.农田土壤铅、镉含量影响因素地理加权回归模型分析[J].农业工程学报,2013,29(3):225-234,300.
[18]STREETS DG,HAO J,WU Y,et al. Anthropogenic mercury emissions in China[J].Atmos Environ,2005,39(40):7789-7806.
[19]李媛珍,周怀平,解文艳,等.长期施肥对褐土及玉米籽粒中Hg含量的影响[J].华北农学报,2015,30(3):234-238.
[20]JENNINGS AA.Analysis of worldwide regulatory guidance values for the most commonly regulated elemental surface soil contamination[J/OL].J Environ Manage,2013,118:72-95.[2018-11-28].https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23835520.DOI:10.1016/j.jenvman.2013.05.062.
[21]宋恒飞,吴克宁,刘霈珈.土壤重金属污染评价方法研究进展[J].江苏农业科学,2017,45(15):11-14.