重金属铜、锌、镉复合胁迫对麻疯树幼苗生理生化的影响
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摘要
该研究以Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)单一胁迫为对照,探讨不同浓度的Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)复合胁迫对麻疯树幼苗生理生化指标的影响。结果表明:随着Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)浓度的增加,麻疯树幼苗叶片中的蛋白质(Pro)、丙二醛(MDA)含量均逐渐增加,其叶片叶绿素含量随着Zn~(2+)胁迫浓度的增加呈现出先降后升的趋势,在中等浓度(100 mg·L-1)的Zn~(2+)胁迫时含量最低、随着Cu~(2+)胁迫浓度的增加叶绿素含量先升高后降低,在Cu~(2+)浓度为200 mg·L-1时含量最高,达到1 200 mg·g-1FW; Cd~(2+)胁迫对叶绿素含量和根系活力无明显影响。根系活力在Zn~(2+)浓度为100 mg·L~(-1)时最强,随着Cu~(2+)浓度的增加而减弱。低浓度的Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)对过氧化物酶活性和可溶性糖含量都具有促进作用。Cu~(2+)、Zn~(2+)、Cd~(2+)复合胁迫时对可溶性蛋白、叶绿素和丙二醛含量均无明显影响,随着复合胁迫时浓度的增加,可溶性糖含量和根系活力先增后减。这表明麻疯树对三种重金属的胁迫具有一定的抗性,过高浓度的胁迫会影响麻疯树幼苗生理生化的一些指标,但是麻疯树可以通过自身的防御系统使伤害降到最小。此外,重金属复合胁迫可以在一定程度上减轻单一胁迫对麻疯树幼苗造成的毒害作用。
Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)single stress were used as controls to study the effects of different concentrations of Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)on physiological and biochemical indexes of Jatropha curcas seedlings. The results showed that the contents of protein( Pro) and malondialdehyde( MDA) in leaves of J. curcas seedlings increased gradually with the increase of Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)concentrations,and the chlorophyll content of leaves increased with the increase of Zn~(2+)stress concentration. The post-reduction trend was the lowest at the medium concentration( 100 mg·L~(-1)) Zn~(2+)stress,and the chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased with the increase of Cu~(2+)stress concentration. The highest content was obtained when Cu~(2+)concentration was 200 mg·L~(-1),reaching 1 200 mg· g~(-1); Cd~(2+)stress had no significant effects on chlorophyll content and root activity. The root activity was the strongest when Zn~(2+)concentration was 100 mg·L-1,and it decreased with the increase of Cu~(2+)concentration. Low concentrations of Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)promoted both peroxidase activity and soluble sugar content. The contents of soluble protein,chlorophyll and malondialdehyde were not significantly affected by Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)stresses. The soluble sugar content and root activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of concentration during complex stress. The results showed that J. curcas had certain resistance to stress of the heavy metals. Excessive concentration of stress could affect some physiological and biochemical indexes of J. curcas seedlings,but J. curcas could reduce damage through its own defense system. In addition,heavy metal complex stress could alleviate the toxic effects of single stress on J. curcas seedlings to some extent.
Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)single stress were used as controls to study the effects of different concentrations of Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)on physiological and biochemical indexes of Jatropha curcas seedlings. The results showed that the contents of protein( Pro) and malondialdehyde( MDA) in leaves of J. curcas seedlings increased gradually with the increase of Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)concentrations,and the chlorophyll content of leaves increased with the increase of Zn~(2+)stress concentration. The post-reduction trend was the lowest at the medium concentration( 100 mg·L~(-1)) Zn~(2+)stress,and the chlorophyll content increased first and then decreased with the increase of Cu~(2+)stress concentration. The highest content was obtained when Cu~(2+)concentration was 200 mg·L~(-1),reaching 1 200 mg· g~(-1); Cd~(2+)stress had no significant effects on chlorophyll content and root activity. The root activity was the strongest when Zn~(2+)concentration was 100 mg·L-1,and it decreased with the increase of Cu~(2+)concentration. Low concentrations of Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)promoted both peroxidase activity and soluble sugar content. The contents of soluble protein,chlorophyll and malondialdehyde were not significantly affected by Cu~(2+),Zn~(2+)and Cd~(2+)stresses. The soluble sugar content and root activity increased first and then decreased with the increase of concentration during complex stress. The results showed that J. curcas had certain resistance to stress of the heavy metals. Excessive concentration of stress could affect some physiological and biochemical indexes of J. curcas seedlings,but J. curcas could reduce damage through its own defense system. In addition,heavy metal complex stress could alleviate the toxic effects of single stress on J. curcas seedlings to some extent.
引文
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GODBOLD DL,POLLE A,2001.Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative systems,hydrogen peroxide content,and differentiation in scots pine roots[J].Plant Physiol,127(3):887-898.
GONG Q,KANG Q,WANG L,et al.,2018.Toxicity mechanism of heavy metal copper to plants:A review[J].J Southern Agric,49(3):469-475.[公勤,康群,王玲,等,2018.重金属铜对植物毒害机理的研究现状及展望[J].南方农业学报,49(3):469-475.]
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SHAH K,KUMAR RG,VERMA S,et al.,2001.Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation,superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings[J].Plant Sci,161(6):1135-1144.
SHI LX,YAN H,2013.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.[石连旋,颜宏,2013.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社.]
SIEDLECKA A,TADEUSZ B,1993.Inhibition of electron flow around photosystem I in chloroplasts of Cd-treated maize plants is due to Cd-induced iron deficiency[J].Physiol Plant,87(2):199-202.
SUN B,ZHOU SL,ZHAO QG,2003.Study on compound pollution of heavy metals in soil based on spatial variability analysis[J].Agro-Environ Sci,22(2):248-251.[孙波,周生路,赵其国,2003.基于空间变异分析的土壤重金属复合污染研究[J].农业环境科学学报,22(2):248-251.]
TANG ZC,1999.Modern plant physiology experiment guide[M].Beijing:Science Press.[汤章城,1999.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科学出版社.]
WANG JY,ZHU SG,XU CF,2002.Biochemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:465-466.[王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法,2002.生物化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社:465-466.]
WEI SH,ZHOU QX,LIU R,2005.Utilization of weed resources in heavy metal contaminated soil remediation[J].Nat Resour,20(3):432-440.[魏树和,周启星,刘睿,2005.重金属污染土壤修复中杂草资源的利用[J].自然资源学报,20(3):432-440.]
WEN XH,2012.The toxic effects of heavy metal stress on plants[J].Agric Disaster Res,2(11):20-21.[文晓慧,2012.重金属胁迫对植物的毒害作用[J].农业灾害研究,2(11):20-21.]
YANG SL,FAN YQ,SHA YC,et al.,2006.Jatropha carcas resources distribution and prospects of comprehensive development and utilization[J].SW Chin J Agric Sci,19:447-452.[杨顺林,范月清,沙毓沧,等,2006.麻疯树资源的分布及综合开发利用前景[J].西南农业学报,19:447-452.]
YIN GL,SHI SL,KOU JT,et al.,2013.Cd stress on the alfalfa seed germination and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the seedlings[J].Acta Bot BorealOccident Sin,22(8):1638-1644.[尹国丽,师尚礼,寇江涛,等,2013.Cd胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子发芽及幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,22(8):1638-1644.]
YIN HX,LI X,MI Q,et al.,2009.Effects of stress of Cadmium,Zinc,and Copper on the growth of early seedlings of sunflower[J].Plant Genet Resour,10(2):290-294.[殷恒霞,李霞,米琴,等,2009.镉、锌、铜胁迫对向日葵早期幼苗生长的影响[J].植物遗传资源学报,10(2):290-294.]
YU SM,SUN JC,CHEN BT,2006.Study on the Jatropha curcas resources in Guizhou and its development and utilization[J].J W For Sci,35(3):14-17.[于曙明,孙建昌,陈波涛,2006.贵州的麻疯树资源及其开发利用研究[J].西部林业科学,35(3):14-17.]
ZHANG ZL,ZHAI WJ,LI XF,2009.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.[张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方,2009.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社.]
ZHAO FG,LIU YL,ZHANG WH,2002.Relationship between leaf proline metabolism and salt tolerance in barley seedlings[J].J Nanjing Agric Univ,25(2):6-10.[赵福庚,刘友良,章文华,2002.大麦幼苗叶片脯氨酸代谢及其与耐盐性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,25(2):6-10.]
ZHOU GH,HUANG HZ,HE HL,2002.Phytoremediation and progress of heavy metal polluted soil[J].Acta Sci Circumst,3(6):33-39.[周国华,黄怀曾,何红蓼,2002.重金属污染土壤植物修复及进展[J].环境工程学报,3(6):33-39.]
COBBETT C,GOLDSBROUGH P,2002.Phytochelatins and metallothioneins:Roles in heavy metal detoxification and homeostasis.[J].Ann Rev Plant Biol,53(1):159.
GODBOLD DL,POLLE A,2001.Cadmium-induced changes in antioxidative systems,hydrogen peroxide content,and differentiation in scots pine roots[J].Plant Physiol,127(3):887-898.
GONG Q,KANG Q,WANG L,et al.,2018.Toxicity mechanism of heavy metal copper to plants:A review[J].J Southern Agric,49(3):469-475.[公勤,康群,王玲,等,2018.重金属铜对植物毒害机理的研究现状及展望[J].南方农业学报,49(3):469-475.]
GOU Y,HUA J,2007.Development and prospect of Jatropha resources[J].Resour Dev Market,23(6):519-522.[苟圆,华坚,2007.麻疯树资源的开发利用现状及前景[J].资源开发与市场,23(6):519-522.]
LI DX,GUO YX,YUAN HY,et al.,2005.Corn chlorophyll content determination method[J].Chin Agric Sci Bull,21(6):153-155.[李得孝,郭月霞,员海燕,等,2005.玉米叶绿素含量测定方法研究[J].中国农学通报,21(6):153-155.]
LU SY,CHEN SP,CHEN SM,2003.Changes of proline content and antioxidant enzyme activity in three warm season turfgrass under drought condition[J].Hortic J,30(3):303-306.[卢少云,陈斯平,陈斯曼,等,2003.三种暖季型草坪草在干旱条件下脯氨酸含量和抗氧化酶活性的变化[J].园艺学报,30(3):303-306.]
LXW,2004.Absorption effect of plants on heavy metals in soil[D].Nanjing:Nanjing University of Science and Technology.[吕小王,2004.植物对土壤中重金属的吸收效应研究[D].南京:南京理工大学.]
QU CX,SHEN SD,WANG XF,20006.Determination of soluble protein content in crude extracts of plants using Coomassie brilliant blue[J].J Suzhou Univ(Nat Sci Ed),22(2):82-85.[曲春香,沈颂东,王雪峰,等,2006.用考马斯亮蓝测定植物粗提液中可溶性蛋白质含量方法的研究[J].苏州大学学报(自然科学版),22(2):82-85.]
SANDALIO LM,DALURZO HC,GMEZ M,et al.,2001.Cadmium-induced changes in the growth and oxidative metabolism of pea plants[J].J Exp Bot,52(364):2115.
SHAH K,KUMAR RG,VERMA S,et al.,2001.Effect of cadmium on lipid peroxidation,superoxide anion generation and activities of antioxidant enzymes in growing rice seedlings[J].Plant Sci,161(6):1135-1144.
SHI LX,YAN H,2013.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.[石连旋,颜宏,2013.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社.]
SIEDLECKA A,TADEUSZ B,1993.Inhibition of electron flow around photosystem I in chloroplasts of Cd-treated maize plants is due to Cd-induced iron deficiency[J].Physiol Plant,87(2):199-202.
SUN B,ZHOU SL,ZHAO QG,2003.Study on compound pollution of heavy metals in soil based on spatial variability analysis[J].Agro-Environ Sci,22(2):248-251.[孙波,周生路,赵其国,2003.基于空间变异分析的土壤重金属复合污染研究[J].农业环境科学学报,22(2):248-251.]
TANG ZC,1999.Modern plant physiology experiment guide[M].Beijing:Science Press.[汤章城,1999.现代植物生理学实验指南[M].北京:科学出版社.]
WANG JY,ZHU SG,XU CF,2002.Biochemistry[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press:465-466.[王镜岩,朱圣庚,徐长法,2002.生物化学[M].北京:高等教育出版社:465-466.]
WEI SH,ZHOU QX,LIU R,2005.Utilization of weed resources in heavy metal contaminated soil remediation[J].Nat Resour,20(3):432-440.[魏树和,周启星,刘睿,2005.重金属污染土壤修复中杂草资源的利用[J].自然资源学报,20(3):432-440.]
WEN XH,2012.The toxic effects of heavy metal stress on plants[J].Agric Disaster Res,2(11):20-21.[文晓慧,2012.重金属胁迫对植物的毒害作用[J].农业灾害研究,2(11):20-21.]
YANG SL,FAN YQ,SHA YC,et al.,2006.Jatropha carcas resources distribution and prospects of comprehensive development and utilization[J].SW Chin J Agric Sci,19:447-452.[杨顺林,范月清,沙毓沧,等,2006.麻疯树资源的分布及综合开发利用前景[J].西南农业学报,19:447-452.]
YIN GL,SHI SL,KOU JT,et al.,2013.Cd stress on the alfalfa seed germination and physiological and biochemical characteristics of the seedlings[J].Acta Bot BorealOccident Sin,22(8):1638-1644.[尹国丽,师尚礼,寇江涛,等,2013.Cd胁迫对紫花苜蓿种子发芽及幼苗生理生化特性的影响[J].西北植物学报,22(8):1638-1644.]
YIN HX,LI X,MI Q,et al.,2009.Effects of stress of Cadmium,Zinc,and Copper on the growth of early seedlings of sunflower[J].Plant Genet Resour,10(2):290-294.[殷恒霞,李霞,米琴,等,2009.镉、锌、铜胁迫对向日葵早期幼苗生长的影响[J].植物遗传资源学报,10(2):290-294.]
YU SM,SUN JC,CHEN BT,2006.Study on the Jatropha curcas resources in Guizhou and its development and utilization[J].J W For Sci,35(3):14-17.[于曙明,孙建昌,陈波涛,2006.贵州的麻疯树资源及其开发利用研究[J].西部林业科学,35(3):14-17.]
ZHANG ZL,ZHAI WJ,LI XF,2009.Plant physiology experimental guidance[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press.[张志良,瞿伟菁,李小方,2009.植物生理学实验指导[M].北京:高等教育出版社.]
ZHAO FG,LIU YL,ZHANG WH,2002.Relationship between leaf proline metabolism and salt tolerance in barley seedlings[J].J Nanjing Agric Univ,25(2):6-10.[赵福庚,刘友良,章文华,2002.大麦幼苗叶片脯氨酸代谢及其与耐盐性的关系[J].南京农业大学学报,25(2):6-10.]
ZHOU GH,HUANG HZ,HE HL,2002.Phytoremediation and progress of heavy metal polluted soil[J].Acta Sci Circumst,3(6):33-39.[周国华,黄怀曾,何红蓼,2002.重金属污染土壤植物修复及进展[J].环境工程学报,3(6):33-39.]