基于采动岩层控制的煤炭科学开采
|
摘要
煤炭科学开采是煤炭行业追求的目标,采动应力与岩层控制研究可以促进煤炭安全开采、提升自动化与智能化开采效率、保护地下水与地面环境、实现煤炭及共伴生资源协调共采,是实现煤炭科学开采的基础。采动应力可数倍于原岩应力,偏应力和采动卸压是促使围岩破坏的主要因素,在一些长工作面顶板会发生分区破断现象,要充分重视采场围岩控制的系统刚度原理,对一些特厚煤层和薄基岩煤层开采的顶板运动及载荷边界尚不清楚。随着开采理念和技术进步,岩层控制研究也遇到了一些新问题,今后需更多地关注覆岩运动、底板破坏与突水、裂隙岩体、地质构造等问题。由于煤炭开采更多研究的是岩层破坏后的力学行为,破坏后的岩层是以块体组合、非连续体为主,其宏观运动以接触面位移、大变形为主要特征,需要提出针对性的研究方法,开发专用的仪器设备,完善煤炭开采岩层控制研究体系。
Sustainable coal mining is the goal of coal industry. Researches on mining-induced stress and ground control are the basis to develop the sustainable coal mining,which will promote safe coal mining environment,improve automation technology and intelligent mining efficiency,protect groundwater and ground environment,and achieve coordinated co-extraction of coal and other associated resources. Mining-induced stress can be much larger than in-situ rock stress,meanwhile,the deviatoric stress and the mining pressure relief are the main factors to promote surrounding rock failure. Sub-regional fracturing mainly occurs at the roof of longwall faces,and it is necessary to focus on the principle of system stiffness of ground control. The potential roof movement and load boundaries of some extremely thick coal seam and thin bedrock coal seam are remained uncleared. With the development of mining concepts and technology,the research on ground control has encountered new challenges such as overburden movement,floor failure and water inrush,fractured rock mass,geological structure and etc. Since coal mining is more concerned with the mechanical behavior after rock failure,the damaged rock is dominated by block combination and discontinuous body. Its macroscopic motion is characterized by contacting surface displacement with large deformation. Therefore,it is necessary to propose targeted research methods,develop specialized instruments and equipment,and also improve the research system for coal mining ground control.
Sustainable coal mining is the goal of coal industry. Researches on mining-induced stress and ground control are the basis to develop the sustainable coal mining,which will promote safe coal mining environment,improve automation technology and intelligent mining efficiency,protect groundwater and ground environment,and achieve coordinated co-extraction of coal and other associated resources. Mining-induced stress can be much larger than in-situ rock stress,meanwhile,the deviatoric stress and the mining pressure relief are the main factors to promote surrounding rock failure. Sub-regional fracturing mainly occurs at the roof of longwall faces,and it is necessary to focus on the principle of system stiffness of ground control. The potential roof movement and load boundaries of some extremely thick coal seam and thin bedrock coal seam are remained uncleared. With the development of mining concepts and technology,the research on ground control has encountered new challenges such as overburden movement,floor failure and water inrush,fractured rock mass,geological structure and etc. Since coal mining is more concerned with the mechanical behavior after rock failure,the damaged rock is dominated by block combination and discontinuous body. Its macroscopic motion is characterized by contacting surface displacement with large deformation. Therefore,it is necessary to propose targeted research methods,develop specialized instruments and equipment,and also improve the research system for coal mining ground control.
引文
[1]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.论科学采矿[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,25(1):1-10.QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin,et al. On scientized mining[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2008,25(1):1-10.
[2]王家臣,张锦旺,王兆会.放顶煤开采基础理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.
[3]康红普.我国煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术发展60年及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(6):1071-1081.KANG Hongpu. Sixty years development and prospects of rock bolting technology for underground coal mine roadways in China[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(6):1071-1081.
[4]王家臣,王兆会.综放开采顶煤在加卸载复合作用下的破坏机理[J].同煤科技,2017(3):1-7.WANG Jiachen,WANG Zhaohui. Failure mechanism of fully mechanized top-coal caving mining under the composite effect of loading and unloading[J]. Science and Technology of Datong Coal Mining Administration,2017(3):1-7.
[5]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[6]王家臣,杨胜利,杨宝贵,等.深井超长工作面基本顶分区破断模型与支架阻力分布特征[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(1):54-63.WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli,YANG Baogui,et al. Roof sub-regional fracturing and support resistance distribution in deep longwall face with ultra-large length[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):54-63.
[7]王家臣,张剑,姬刘亭,等.“两硬”条件大采高综采老顶初次垮落力学模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S1):5037-5042.WANG Jiachen,ZHANG Jian,JI Liuting,et al. Study on mechanics model of the first cave in main roof for the large cutting height fully mechanized mining under the two hard conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):5037-5042.
[8]王家臣.极软厚煤层煤壁片帮与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):785-788.WANG Jiachen. Mechanism of the rib spalling and the controlling in the very soft coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):785-788.
[9] WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli,LI Yang,et al. A dynamic method to determine the supports capacity in longwall coal mining[J]. International Journal of Mining,Reclamation and Environment,2015,29(4):277-288.
[10]刘洋,任凤玉,何荣兴,等.基于放矿下临界散体柱理论的地表塌陷范围预测[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(3):416-420.LIU Yang,REN Fengyu,HE Rongxing,et al. Prediction of surface subsidence range based on the critical medium column’s theory under ore drawing[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2018,39(3):416-420.
[11]黎良杰,钱鸣高,李树刚.断层突水机理分析[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(2):119-123.LI Liangjie,QIAN Minggao,LI Shugang. Mechanism of water-inrush through fault[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(2):119-123.
[12]武强,王金华,刘东海,等.煤层底板突水评价的新型实用方法IV:基于GIS的AHP型脆弱性指数法应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(2):233-238.WU Qiang,WANG Jinhua,LIU Donghai,et al. A new practical methodology of the coal floor water bursting evaluating IV:The application of AHP vulnerable index method based on GIS[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(2):233-238.
[13]许延春,戴华阳.沉陷控制与特殊开采[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2017.
[14]李白英.预防矿井底板突水的“下三带”理论及其发展与应用[J].山东矿业学院学报,1999,18(4):11-18.LI Baiying.“Down three zone” in the prediction of the water inrush from coalbed floor aquifer-theory,development and application[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Mining and Technology(Natural Science),1999,18(4):11-18.
[15]董书宁,李泉新,石智军,等.一种煤层底板注浆加固水平定向钻孔的施工方法[P].陕西:CN102134967A,2011-07-27.DONG Shuning,LI Quanxin,SHI Zhijun,et al. Construction method of consolidating horizontal directional drilling hole by grouting coal seam baseboard[P]. Shaanxi:CN102134967A,2011-07-27.
[16]许家林.岩层控制与煤炭科学开采—记钱鸣高院士的学术思想和科研成就[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2019,36(1):1-6.XU Jialin. Strata control and scientific coal mining—A celebration of the academic thoughts and achievements of academician Minggao QIAN[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2019,36(1):1-6.
[17]王家臣,刘峰,王蕾.煤炭科学开采与开采科学[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(11):2652-2660.WANG Jiachen,LIU Feng,WANG Lei. Sustainable coal mining and mining sciences[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2652-2660.
[2]王家臣,张锦旺,王兆会.放顶煤开采基础理论与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2018.
[3]康红普.我国煤矿巷道锚杆支护技术发展60年及展望[J].中国矿业大学学报,2016,45(6):1071-1081.KANG Hongpu. Sixty years development and prospects of rock bolting technology for underground coal mine roadways in China[J]. Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2016,45(6):1071-1081.
[4]王家臣,王兆会.综放开采顶煤在加卸载复合作用下的破坏机理[J].同煤科技,2017(3):1-7.WANG Jiachen,WANG Zhaohui. Failure mechanism of fully mechanized top-coal caving mining under the composite effect of loading and unloading[J]. Science and Technology of Datong Coal Mining Administration,2017(3):1-7.
[5]钱鸣高,石平五,许家林.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2010.
[6]王家臣,杨胜利,杨宝贵,等.深井超长工作面基本顶分区破断模型与支架阻力分布特征[J].煤炭学报,2019,44(1):54-63.WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli,YANG Baogui,et al. Roof sub-regional fracturing and support resistance distribution in deep longwall face with ultra-large length[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2019,44(1):54-63.
[7]王家臣,张剑,姬刘亭,等.“两硬”条件大采高综采老顶初次垮落力学模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(S1):5037-5042.WANG Jiachen,ZHANG Jian,JI Liuting,et al. Study on mechanics model of the first cave in main roof for the large cutting height fully mechanized mining under the two hard conditions[J]. Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):5037-5042.
[8]王家臣.极软厚煤层煤壁片帮与防治机理[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(8):785-788.WANG Jiachen. Mechanism of the rib spalling and the controlling in the very soft coal seam[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(8):785-788.
[9] WANG Jiachen,YANG Shengli,LI Yang,et al. A dynamic method to determine the supports capacity in longwall coal mining[J]. International Journal of Mining,Reclamation and Environment,2015,29(4):277-288.
[10]刘洋,任凤玉,何荣兴,等.基于放矿下临界散体柱理论的地表塌陷范围预测[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),2018,39(3):416-420.LIU Yang,REN Fengyu,HE Rongxing,et al. Prediction of surface subsidence range based on the critical medium column’s theory under ore drawing[J]. Journal of Northeastern University(Natural Science),2018,39(3):416-420.
[11]黎良杰,钱鸣高,李树刚.断层突水机理分析[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(2):119-123.LI Liangjie,QIAN Minggao,LI Shugang. Mechanism of water-inrush through fault[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(2):119-123.
[12]武强,王金华,刘东海,等.煤层底板突水评价的新型实用方法IV:基于GIS的AHP型脆弱性指数法应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(2):233-238.WU Qiang,WANG Jinhua,LIU Donghai,et al. A new practical methodology of the coal floor water bursting evaluating IV:The application of AHP vulnerable index method based on GIS[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34(2):233-238.
[13]许延春,戴华阳.沉陷控制与特殊开采[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2017.
[14]李白英.预防矿井底板突水的“下三带”理论及其发展与应用[J].山东矿业学院学报,1999,18(4):11-18.LI Baiying.“Down three zone” in the prediction of the water inrush from coalbed floor aquifer-theory,development and application[J].Journal of Shandong Institute of Mining and Technology(Natural Science),1999,18(4):11-18.
[15]董书宁,李泉新,石智军,等.一种煤层底板注浆加固水平定向钻孔的施工方法[P].陕西:CN102134967A,2011-07-27.DONG Shuning,LI Quanxin,SHI Zhijun,et al. Construction method of consolidating horizontal directional drilling hole by grouting coal seam baseboard[P]. Shaanxi:CN102134967A,2011-07-27.
[16]许家林.岩层控制与煤炭科学开采—记钱鸣高院士的学术思想和科研成就[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2019,36(1):1-6.XU Jialin. Strata control and scientific coal mining—A celebration of the academic thoughts and achievements of academician Minggao QIAN[J]. Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2019,36(1):1-6.
[17]王家臣,刘峰,王蕾.煤炭科学开采与开采科学[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(11):2652-2660.WANG Jiachen,LIU Feng,WANG Lei. Sustainable coal mining and mining sciences[J]. Journal of China Coal Society,2016,41(11):2652-2660.