茶园土壤pH变化对土壤中铝特性的影响
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摘要
土壤中铝的毒性强弱取决于铝的形态。为了解茶园土壤中铝的特性,以江苏省7个长期定位观测茶园为研究对象,采用化学连续提取法测定不同条件下土样中不同形态的铝含量,研究茶园土壤pH升高或降低过程中铝的形态转化及其影响因素。结果表明,茶园土壤在酸化过程中活性铝溶出明显增强,不同形态的铝含量有明显差异,依次为腐殖酸铝(Alh)>铝的水合化物和氢氧化物(Aloh)>交换态铝(Alex)>有机态铝(Alo)>水溶态铝(Alw)>无机吸附态铝(Alino);土壤pH、有机质和酸容量是影响铝形态的重要因素;茶园土壤酸化过程中铝的水合化物和氢氧化物、无机吸附态铝以及水溶态铝会转化为交换态铝。土壤pH升高,交换态铝转化成羟基铝;有机结合态铝会影响其他铝形态的转化,腐殖酸铝在土壤pH升高时转化为铝的水合化物和氢氧化物。
The toxicity of aluminum(Al) in soils depends on its chemical forms. Tea(Camellia sinensis L.) is typical acidophilous and poly-Al plants. In order to understand the characters of Al in tea plantation soils, forms of active Al were studied based on the analysis of soil samples at different tea plantations in different years with sequential chemical extraction procedure, the transformation of Al forms and affecting factors for active Al in the plantation in the process of soil pH increased or decreased were discussed to understand the characteristics of Al. The results showed that digestion of active Al was enhanced during the soil acidification, the difference of Al contents in different forms were significant, decreased in the order of humic acid aluminum(Alh) > Al of hydrous oxide and hydroxide(Aloh) > exchangeable Al(Alex) > organic combined Al(Alo) > water soluble Al(Alw) > inorganic adsorption Al(Alino). Alh and Aloh constituted the dominant part of the total active Al, accounting for more than 80% of the total Al. Soil pH, organic matters and acid capacity were the important factors of Al forms. Aloh, Alino and Alw were translated into Alex during the process of soil acidification, but the situation was opposite with the increase of soil pH. Alo affected the transformation of other Al forms, the content of Alh decreased and was translated to Aloh with pH increased, on the contrary, the content of Alh increased with the process of soil acidification, meanwhile, it promoted the hydrolysis of Alino.
The toxicity of aluminum(Al) in soils depends on its chemical forms. Tea(Camellia sinensis L.) is typical acidophilous and poly-Al plants. In order to understand the characters of Al in tea plantation soils, forms of active Al were studied based on the analysis of soil samples at different tea plantations in different years with sequential chemical extraction procedure, the transformation of Al forms and affecting factors for active Al in the plantation in the process of soil pH increased or decreased were discussed to understand the characteristics of Al. The results showed that digestion of active Al was enhanced during the soil acidification, the difference of Al contents in different forms were significant, decreased in the order of humic acid aluminum(Alh) > Al of hydrous oxide and hydroxide(Aloh) > exchangeable Al(Alex) > organic combined Al(Alo) > water soluble Al(Alw) > inorganic adsorption Al(Alino). Alh and Aloh constituted the dominant part of the total active Al, accounting for more than 80% of the total Al. Soil pH, organic matters and acid capacity were the important factors of Al forms. Aloh, Alino and Alw were translated into Alex during the process of soil acidification, but the situation was opposite with the increase of soil pH. Alo affected the transformation of other Al forms, the content of Alh decreased and was translated to Aloh with pH increased, on the contrary, the content of Alh increased with the process of soil acidification, meanwhile, it promoted the hydrolysis of Alino.
引文
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[15]刘少坤,周卫军,苗霄霖,等.茶树根际土壤铝形态演变规律及其影响因素[J].土壤, 2014, 46(5):881–885
[16]谢忠雷,王胜天,董德明,等.茶园土壤中铝的化学形态及其影响因素[J].吉林大学自然科学学报, 1999, 17(3):93–98
[17]秦樊鑫,魏朝富,黄先飞,等.黔西北茶园土壤活性铝的形态分布及影响因素[J].环境科学研究, 2015, 28(6):943–950
[18] Walna B, Spychalski W, Siepak J. Assessment of potentially reactive pools of aluminium in poor forest soils using two methods of fractionation analysis[J]. Inorg.Biochem., 2005, 99:1807–1816
[19] Marion G M, Hendricks D M, Dutt G R, et al. Aluminum and silica solubility in soils[J]. Soil Sci., 1976, 121(2):76–85
[20]蔡彦彬.土地利用方式和岩性对森林土壤和铝形态影响研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学, 2013:4–7
[21] Chen B, Zhou D, Zhu L. Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42:5137–5143
[22]俞元春,丁爱芳.模拟酸雨对酸性土壤铝溶出及其形态转化的影响[J].土壤与环境, 2001, 10(2):87–90
[23]中国宜兴. 2014年度宜兴市环境状况公报[EB/OL]. 2015-01-01[2017-11-09].http://www.yixing.gov.cn/zfxxgk/show-439970.html.
[2] He G H, Zhang J F, Hu X H, et al. Effect of aluminum toxicity and phosphorus deficiency on the growth and photosynthesis of oil tea(Camellia oleifera Abel.)seedlings in acidic red soils[J]. Acta Physilolgiae Plantarum, 2011, 33(4):1285–1292
[3] Collignon C, Boudot J P, Turpault M P. Time change of aluminum toxicity in the acid bulk soil and the rhizosphere in Norway spruce(Picea abies(L.)Karst.)and beech(Fagus sylvatica L.)stands[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012,357(1/2):259–274
[4] Cristancho R J A, Hanafi M M, Syed Omar S R, et al.Aluminum speciation of amended acid tropical soil and its effects on plant root growth[J]. Journal of Plant Nutrition,2014, 37(6):811–827
[5]宋洪明,刑承华,吴坤,等. NO和H2O2对大豆幼苗铝毒害的缓解效应及其相互作用[J].环境科学研究, 2014,27(9):1061–1066
[6] Bloom P R, Erich M S, Sposito G. The quantification of aqueous aluminum[J]. The Environmental Chemistry of Aluminum, 1995:1–38
[7]罗敏,宗良纲,陆丽君,等.江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化及其对策分析[J].江苏农业科学, 2006(2):139–142
[8]张倩,宗良纲,曹丹,等.江苏省典型茶园土壤酸化趋势及其制约因素研究[J].土壤, 2011, 43(5):751–757
[9]鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M]. 3版.北京:中国农业出版社,1999:25–236
[10]黄衍初,曲长菱.土壤中铝的溶出及形态研究[J].环境科学, 1996, 17(1):57–59
[11] Wang S L, Wang P, Fan C Q. Distribution of aluminum fractionation in the acidic rhizosphere soils of masson pine(Pinus massoniana Lamb)[J]. Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis, 2015, 46:2033–2050
[12]刘晓静.茶园土壤-茶树-茶汤系统中氟和铝的迁移、转化特征及饮茶型氟中毒的防治探索[D].贵阳:中国科学院(地球化学研究所), 2006:30–33
[13]陈怀满.土壤中化学物质的行为与环境质量[M].北京:科学出版社, 2002:194
[14]江苏省土壤普查办公室.江苏土壤[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 1994:14–18
[15]刘少坤,周卫军,苗霄霖,等.茶树根际土壤铝形态演变规律及其影响因素[J].土壤, 2014, 46(5):881–885
[16]谢忠雷,王胜天,董德明,等.茶园土壤中铝的化学形态及其影响因素[J].吉林大学自然科学学报, 1999, 17(3):93–98
[17]秦樊鑫,魏朝富,黄先飞,等.黔西北茶园土壤活性铝的形态分布及影响因素[J].环境科学研究, 2015, 28(6):943–950
[18] Walna B, Spychalski W, Siepak J. Assessment of potentially reactive pools of aluminium in poor forest soils using two methods of fractionation analysis[J]. Inorg.Biochem., 2005, 99:1807–1816
[19] Marion G M, Hendricks D M, Dutt G R, et al. Aluminum and silica solubility in soils[J]. Soil Sci., 1976, 121(2):76–85
[20]蔡彦彬.土地利用方式和岩性对森林土壤和铝形态影响研究[D].杭州:浙江农林大学, 2013:4–7
[21] Chen B, Zhou D, Zhu L. Transitional adsorption and partition of nonpolar and polar aromatic contaminants by biochars of pine needles with different pyrolytic temperatures[J]. Environ. Sci. Technol., 2008, 42:5137–5143
[22]俞元春,丁爱芳.模拟酸雨对酸性土壤铝溶出及其形态转化的影响[J].土壤与环境, 2001, 10(2):87–90
[23]中国宜兴. 2014年度宜兴市环境状况公报[EB/OL]. 2015-01-01[2017-11-09].http://www.yixing.gov.cn/zfxxgk/show-439970.html.