镉胁迫下不同改良剂对水稻种子萌发和镉吸收积累的影响
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摘要
采用种子萌发试验和溶液培养试验方法,比较4种不同改良剂对Cd胁迫下水稻种子萌发和Cd吸收积累的影响。结果表明:添加硼酸、褪黑素、钼酸钠和硅酸钠均可以促进Cd胁迫下水稻种子萌发和水稻幼苗的生长发育。在浓度为5μmol·L~(-1)的Cd胁迫下,添加1 mg·L~(-1)硼酸、10μmol·L~(-1)褪黑素、0.5 mg·L~(-1)钼酸钠和1 mmol·L~(-1)硅酸钠使水稻种子发芽率比CK处理分别提高11.1%、10.0%、11.1%和10.0%,发芽势分别提高17.8%、17.8%、17.8%和22.2%;添加这4种改良剂可以不同程度地降低水稻种子萌发和水培实验中水稻植株Cd含量。5μmol·L~(-1)的Cd胁迫下,添加硼酸、褪黑素、钼酸钠和硅酸钠均显著降低种子萌发试验中水稻幼根和幼芽Cd含量,其中幼根Cd含量降低38.6%～51.3%,幼芽Cd含量降低36.9%～41.1%。水培实验中,当Cd浓度为1μmol·L~(-1)时,添加硼酸、褪黑素、钼酸钠和硅酸钠使水稻根系Cd含量比对照处理分别降低32.6%、38.3%、47.0%和72.5%(8 d)。硅酸钠降低水稻Cd含量的效果最明显,其次是钼酸钠和褪黑素,硼酸的效果稍差。
The effects of four amendments on seed germination and Cd uptake and accumulation in rice under Cd stress were compared by seed germination and solution culture tests. The results showed that the addition of boric acid, melatonin, sodium molybdate, and sodium silicate promoted the germination of rice seeds and growth of rice seedlings under Cd stress. In the 5 μmol·L~(-1) Cd concentration treatment group, the addition of 1 mg·L~(-1) boric acid, 10 μmol·L~(-1) melatonin, 0.5 mg·L~(-1) sodium molybdate, and 1 mmol·L~(-1) sodium silicate increased rice seed germination rate by 11.1%, 10%, 11.1%, and 10%, respectively, and the germination potential by 17.8%, 17.8%, 17.8%,and 22.2%, respectively, compared with those of the CK. Simultaneously, the addition of these four kinds of amendments reduced Cd concentration in rice in both the seed germination and solution culture tests. When subjected to 5 μmol·L~(-1) Cd stress, the addition of boric acid, melatonin, sodium molybdate, and silicic acid significantly decreased Cd concentration in rice roots and shoots. The concentration of Cd in rice roots and shoots decreased by 38.6%～51.3% and 36.9%～41.1% during seed germination, respectively. In the solution culture experiment, under 1 μmol·L~(-1) Cd concentration stress, the addition of boric acid, melatonin, molybdate, and sodium silicate reduced the Cd concentration in rice roots by 32.6%, 38.3%, 47%, and 72.5%(8 d), respectively, compared with that of the control treatment. Moreover, under5 μmol·L~(-1) Cd stress, the addition of sodium silicate significantly decreased the Cd translocation from rice root to leaf. The effect of sodium silicate on Cd concentration in rice was the most obvious, followed by sodium molybdate, melatonin, and boric acid.
The effects of four amendments on seed germination and Cd uptake and accumulation in rice under Cd stress were compared by seed germination and solution culture tests. The results showed that the addition of boric acid, melatonin, sodium molybdate, and sodium silicate promoted the germination of rice seeds and growth of rice seedlings under Cd stress. In the 5 μmol·L~(-1) Cd concentration treatment group, the addition of 1 mg·L~(-1) boric acid, 10 μmol·L~(-1) melatonin, 0.5 mg·L~(-1) sodium molybdate, and 1 mmol·L~(-1) sodium silicate increased rice seed germination rate by 11.1%, 10%, 11.1%, and 10%, respectively, and the germination potential by 17.8%, 17.8%, 17.8%,and 22.2%, respectively, compared with those of the CK. Simultaneously, the addition of these four kinds of amendments reduced Cd concentration in rice in both the seed germination and solution culture tests. When subjected to 5 μmol·L~(-1) Cd stress, the addition of boric acid, melatonin, sodium molybdate, and silicic acid significantly decreased Cd concentration in rice roots and shoots. The concentration of Cd in rice roots and shoots decreased by 38.6%～51.3% and 36.9%～41.1% during seed germination, respectively. In the solution culture experiment, under 1 μmol·L~(-1) Cd concentration stress, the addition of boric acid, melatonin, molybdate, and sodium silicate reduced the Cd concentration in rice roots by 32.6%, 38.3%, 47%, and 72.5%(8 d), respectively, compared with that of the control treatment. Moreover, under5 μmol·L~(-1) Cd stress, the addition of sodium silicate significantly decreased the Cd translocation from rice root to leaf. The effect of sodium silicate on Cd concentration in rice was the most obvious, followed by sodium molybdate, melatonin, and boric acid.
引文
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[3]肖清铁,王经源,郑新宇,等.水稻根系响应镉胁迫的蛋白质差异表达[J].生态学报, 2015, 35(24):8276-8283.XIAO Qing-tie, WANG Jing-yuan, ZHENG Xin-yu, et al. Analysis of the differently expressed proteins in rice roots in response to cadmium stress[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2015, 35(24):8276-8283.
[4]黄益宗,郝晓伟,雷鸣,等.重金属污染土壤修复技术及其修复实践[J].农业环境科学学报, 2013, 32(3):409-417.HUANG Yi-zong, HAO Xiao-wei, LEI Ming, et al. The remediation technology and remediation practice of heavy metals-contaminated soil[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2013, 32(3):409-417.
[5] O′Neill M A, Ishii T, Albersheim P, et al. Rhamnogal acturonanⅡ:Structure and function of a borate cross-linked cell wall pectic polysaccharide[J]. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2004, 55(1):109-139.
[6]刘仕翔,黄益宗,罗泽娇,等.外源褪黑素处理对镉胁迫下水稻种子萌发的影响[J].农业环境科学学报, 2016, 35(6):1034-1041.LIU Shi-xiang, HUANG Yi-zong, LUO Ze-jiao, et al. Effects of exogenous melatonin on germination of rice seeds under Cd stresses[J]. Journal of Agro-Environment Science, 2016, 35(6):1034-1041.
[7]黄佳璟,林立金,陈发波,等.喷施褪黑素对萝卜生长及镉积累的影响[J].四川农业大学学报, 2017, 35(3):375-380.HUANG Jia-jing, LIN Li-jin, CHEN Fa-bo, et al. Effects of spraying melatonin on growth and cadmium accumulation of radish[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 2017, 35(3):375-380.
[8] Mendel R R. Metabolism of molybdenum[J]. Metal Ions in Life Sciences,2013, 12:503-528.
[9]武松伟,胡承孝,谭启玲,等.钼与植物抗寒性研究进展[J].湖北农业科学, 2016, 55(1):13-16.WU Song-wei, HU Cheng-xiao, TAN Qi-ling, et al. Advances in molybdenum nutrition and cold resistance in plant[J]. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2016, 55(1):13-16.
[10] Wu S, Hu C, Tan Q, et al. Effects of molybdenum on water utilization,antioxidative defense system and osmotic-adjustment ability in winter wheat(Triticum aestivum)under drought stress[J]. Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, 2014, 83:365-374.
[11] Zhang M, Hu C X, Zhao X H, et al. Molybdenum improves antioxidant and osmotic-adjustment ability against salt stress in Chinese cabbage(Brassica campestris L. ssp. Pekinensis)[J]. Plant and Soil, 2012, 355(1/2):375-383.
[12]袁彪,黄益宗,蔡立群,等.外源Mo降低As(Ⅲ)和As(Ⅴ)对水稻的毒性及As的积累[J].生态毒理学报, 2017, 12(1):219-227.YUAN Biao, HUANG Yi-zong, CAI Li-qun, et al. Molybdenum reduced the toxicity and accumulation of As(Ⅲ)and As(Ⅴ)in rice seedling[J]. Asian Journal of Ecotoxicology, 2017, 12(1):219-227.
[13]孙岩,韩颖,李军,等.硅对镉胁迫下水稻生物量及镉的化学形态的影响[J].西南农业学报, 2013, 26(3):1240-1244.SUN Yan, HAN Ying, LI Jun, et al. Effect of Si on rice biomass and chemical species of Cd under Cd stress[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 26(3):1240-1244.
[14]王怡璇,刘杰,唐云舒,等.硅对水稻镉转运的抑制效应研究[J].生态环境学报, 2016, 25(11):1822-1827.WANG Yi-xuan, LIU Jie, TANG Yun-shu, et al. Inhibitory effect of silicon on cadmium accumulation and transportation in rice[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2016, 25(11):1822-1827.
[15]向猛,黄益宗,蔡立群,等.硼锑交互作用对水稻吸收积累锑和硼的影响[J].环境科学, 2015, 36(4):1474-1480.XIANG Meng, HUANG Yi-zong, CAI Li-qun, et al. Effect of boronantimony interaction on the uptake and accumulation of antimony and boron by rice seedling[J]. Environmental Science, 2015, 36(4):1474-1480.
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