蚯蚓粪生物炭配施对铅污染土壤养分和生菜生长的影响
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摘要
为了研究蚯蚓粪生物炭配施对铅污染土壤及生菜生长的影响,本试验利用盆栽方法以不同水平蚯蚓粪(4%E、8%E、12%E)与生物炭(2.4%B、4.8%B、7.2%B)配施处理Pb污染土壤,以不施蚯蚓粪和生物炭为对照(CK),分别测定了土壤的基本化学性质、重金属铅含量,以及生菜生物量和地上部重金属铅含量。结果显示:与对照相比较,蚯蚓粪生物炭配施显著提高了铅污染土壤中有机质、全氮、碱解氮、有效磷、速效钾含量及生菜生物量(P<0.05);随着蚯蚓粪和生物炭施用量的增加,铅污染土壤有机质、全氮、碱解氮、速效钾含量均呈增加趋势,生菜中铅含量呈降低趋势,说明二者对上述指标的影响存在加和效应,而对铅污染土壤全磷、全钾、有效磷、铅含量及生菜生物量的影响存在互作效应,分别以4%E+7.2%B,12%E+7.2%B,12%E+4.8%B,12%E+7.2%B,8%E+7.2%B最高。综合而言,适宜的蚯蚓粪生物炭配施有助于改善土壤理化性质,提高铅污染土壤铅的固定,降低生菜铅含量并提高生菜产量,本试验以蚯蚓粪8%～12%处理配施生物炭7.2%效果较好。
In order to study the effects of biochar with earthworm manure application on Pb contaminated soil and the growth of lettuce, the experiment was conducted with combining application of earthworm manure(4%E, 8%E, 12%E) and biochar(2.4%B, 4.8%B, 7.2%B) to treat Pb contaminated soil through pots experiment, no earthworm manure and biochar was as control(CK), the soil basic chemical properties, soil Pb content, lettuce biomass and plant Pb content were determined. The results showed that compared with the control, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and lettuce biomass in the Pb-contaminated soil were significantly increased by the combined application of earthworm manure and biochar(P<0.05). With the increasing of earthworm manure and biochar application amount, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in Pb contaminated soil increased while the lettuce Pb content decreased, indicating that the combined application of earthworm manure and biochar had an additive effect on the above indices. However, the combined application of earthworm manure and biochar had an interaction effects on the total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, Pb content and lettuce biomass in Pb contaminated soil, of which the maximum value were occurred at 4%E+7.2%B,12%E+7.2%B,12%E+4.8%B,12%E+7.2%B,8%E+7.2%B,respectively. In summary, proper combined application of earthworm manure and biochar was helpful to improve the physical and chemical properties and even the Pb fixation of Pb contaminated soil, reduce the lettuce Pb content and increase the lettuce yield. In this experiment, the comprehensive effects were optimal when the earthworm manure application amounts were between 8% and 12%.and the biochar application amount was 7.2%.
In order to study the effects of biochar with earthworm manure application on Pb contaminated soil and the growth of lettuce, the experiment was conducted with combining application of earthworm manure(4%E, 8%E, 12%E) and biochar(2.4%B, 4.8%B, 7.2%B) to treat Pb contaminated soil through pots experiment, no earthworm manure and biochar was as control(CK), the soil basic chemical properties, soil Pb content, lettuce biomass and plant Pb content were determined. The results showed that compared with the control, the contents of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and lettuce biomass in the Pb-contaminated soil were significantly increased by the combined application of earthworm manure and biochar(P<0.05). With the increasing of earthworm manure and biochar application amount, the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen and available potassium in Pb contaminated soil increased while the lettuce Pb content decreased, indicating that the combined application of earthworm manure and biochar had an additive effect on the above indices. However, the combined application of earthworm manure and biochar had an interaction effects on the total phosphorus, total potassium, available phosphorus, Pb content and lettuce biomass in Pb contaminated soil, of which the maximum value were occurred at 4%E+7.2%B,12%E+7.2%B,12%E+4.8%B,12%E+7.2%B,8%E+7.2%B,respectively. In summary, proper combined application of earthworm manure and biochar was helpful to improve the physical and chemical properties and even the Pb fixation of Pb contaminated soil, reduce the lettuce Pb content and increase the lettuce yield. In this experiment, the comprehensive effects were optimal when the earthworm manure application amounts were between 8% and 12%.and the biochar application amount was 7.2%.
引文
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[19]TOPOLIANTZ S,PONGE J F,BALLOF S.Manioc peel and charcoal:A potential organic amendment for sustainable soil fertility in the tropics[J].Biology and fertility of soils,2005,41(1):15-21.
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[21]张聪俐,戴军,周波,等.不同比例蚓粪对玉米生长以及土壤肥力特性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(2):137-143.
[2]刘维涛,周启星.不同土壤改良剂及其组合对降低大白菜镉和铅含量的作用[J].环境科学学报,2010,30(9):1846-1853.
[3]NICHOLSON F A,SMITH S R,ALLOWAY B J,et al.An inventory of heavy metals inputs to agricultural soils in England and Wales[J].The science of the total environment,2003,311:205-219.
[4]温瑀,穆立蔷.土壤铅、镉胁迫对4种绿化植物生长、生理及积累特性的影响[J].水土保持学报,2013,27(5):234-239.
[5]贾德新,李士平,王风丹,等.蚯蚓粪对豇豆根际土壤生物学特征及微生物活性的影响[J].浙江农业学报,2016,28(2):318-323.
[6]冯腾腾,黄怀成,陈飞,等.不同蚯蚓粪施用量对连作黄瓜农艺性状、产量和品质的影响[J].南方农业学报,2018,49(8):1575-1580.
[7]周建军,周桔,冯仁国.我国土壤重金属污染现状及治理战略[J].中国科学院院刊,2014,29(3):315-320,350,封二.
[8]王光飞,马艳,郭德杰,等.不同用量秸秆生物炭对辣椒疫病防控效果及土壤性状的影响[J].土壤学报,2017,54(1):204-215.
[9]JWFFERFY S,VERHEIJEN F G A,VELDE M V D,et al.A quantitative review of the effects of biochar application to soils on crop productivity using meta-analysis[J].Agriculture,ecosystems&environment,2011,144(1):175-187.
[10]谢亚萍,张琳琳,郅惠博,等.稻壳生物炭与肥料配施对稻田镉铅铬砷的钝化与肥效的影响[J].复旦学报(自然科学版),2017,56(2):228-232,240.
[11]LIANG B Q,LEHMANN J,SOHI S P.Black carbon affects the cycling of non-black carbon in soil[J].Organic geochemistry,2010,41:206-213.
[12]GROSSMAN J M,O'NEILL B E,TSAI S M.Amazonian anthrosols support similar microbial communities that differ distinctly from those extant in adjacent,unmodified soils of the same mineralogy[J].Microbial ecology,2010,60(1):192-205.
[13]张敏.生物炭对污染农田土壤理化性质及重金属有效性的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2016.
[14]宋蕺苞.浙江省秸秆资源及其品质调查研究[J].土壤肥料,1995(2):23-26.
[15]曹雪娜.生物炭对设施土壤养分及作物生长的影响初探[D].沈阳:沈阳农业大学,2017.
[16]王明友,井大炜,张红,等.蚯蚓粪对豇豆土壤活性有机碳及微生物活性的影响[J].核农学报,2016,30(7):1404-1410.
[17]GUPTA R,GARG V K.Stabilization of primary sewage sludge during vermicomposting[J].Journal of hazardous materials,2008,153(3):1023-1030.
[18]于跃跃,王胜涛,金强,等.施用蚯蚓粪对草莓生长和土壤肥力的影响[J].中国农学通报,2014,30(7):219-223.
[19]TOPOLIANTZ S,PONGE J F,BALLOF S.Manioc peel and charcoal:A potential organic amendment for sustainable soil fertility in the tropics[J].Biology and fertility of soils,2005,41(1):15-21.
[20]萨拉姆.生物炭对自然污染水稻田中铅和铜的钝化:迁移率和生物有效性[D].武汉:华中农业大学,2018.
[21]张聪俐,戴军,周波,等.不同比例蚓粪对玉米生长以及土壤肥力特性的影响[J].华南农业大学学报,2013,34(2):137-143.