基于景观指数法的乌江流域生态评价
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摘要
乌江流域位于长江上游,境内生态环境状况好坏直接影响着下游生态质量。为加强流域境内生态保护,改善流域生态质量,针对贵州省内乌江流域进行生态评价,了解2000—2015年贵州省内乌江流域生态变化动态。研究从景观层次上选取生态风险(ERI)、生态服务价值、景观格局、景观脆弱性这几个指标构成评价体系对贵州省乌江流域的生态环境进行评价分析。结果表明,流域内景观破碎度程度先减小后增大且景观形状也先由复杂趋于简单再变复杂,景观异质性一直呈下降趋势;流域内脆弱性指数、敏感度指数一直在减小,适应度指数一直在增大,生态风险指数在逐步减小;除耕地外,其余地类生态服务价值均呈现上升趋势;总体生态环境得以很好的改善。
Wujiang River Basin is located in the upper reach of the Yangtze River.The quality of the ecological environment in the area directly affects the ecological quality downstream.In order to promote ecological protection in the area and improve its ecological quality,we carried out ecological assessment of the Wujiang River Basin to understand the dynamic changes of the ecological environment in the area from 2000 to 2015.We selected ERI,ecological service value,landscape pattern,and landscape vulnerability as ecological indicators to form an evaluation system to evaluate the ecological environment of the Wujiang River Basin.The results showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation in the basin decreased first and then increased,and the landscape shape changed from complex to simple and then to complex.The heterogeneity of landscape had been decreasing.The vulnerability index,the sensitivity index and the ecological risk index in the basin had been decreasing,while the fitness index had been increasing.Except for cultivated land,the ecological service value of all the land use types had shown an upward trend.The overall ecological environment had been improved.
Wujiang River Basin is located in the upper reach of the Yangtze River.The quality of the ecological environment in the area directly affects the ecological quality downstream.In order to promote ecological protection in the area and improve its ecological quality,we carried out ecological assessment of the Wujiang River Basin to understand the dynamic changes of the ecological environment in the area from 2000 to 2015.We selected ERI,ecological service value,landscape pattern,and landscape vulnerability as ecological indicators to form an evaluation system to evaluate the ecological environment of the Wujiang River Basin.The results showed that the degree of landscape fragmentation in the basin decreased first and then increased,and the landscape shape changed from complex to simple and then to complex.The heterogeneity of landscape had been decreasing.The vulnerability index,the sensitivity index and the ecological risk index in the basin had been decreasing,while the fitness index had been increasing.Except for cultivated land,the ecological service value of all the land use types had shown an upward trend.The overall ecological environment had been improved.
引文
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[22]王玲.基于土地利用变化的上海市生态风险评价[J/OL].农业科学研究[2018-04-17].https://doi.org/10.13907/j.cnki.nykxyi.20171020.002.
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[24]李正,王军,白中科,等,贵州省土地利用及其生态系统服务价值与灰色预测[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):577-583.
[25]徐燕,孙小银,张大智,等.1980-2015年南四湖流域景观格局及其脆弱性[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):635-642.
[2]白雪.1990-2015年天津市生态足迹和承载力变化[J].城市建设理论研究(电子版),2018(2):193.
[3]杨斌,李茂娇,程璐,等.多时相遥感数据在四川省茂县景观生态安全格局评价中的应用[J].测绘工程,2018,27(4):41-48.
[4]谢华.广西区域生态安全问题及其对策探讨[J].南方农业,2018,12(1):115-119.
[5]赵建琪.西宁地区湿地生态保护与修复探讨[J].现代农业科技,2018(3):227-229.
[6]吴楠,张永福,李瑞.基于景观指数的干旱区河谷县域土地利用生态风险分析及预测[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):207-212.WU N,ZHANG Y F,LI R.Ecological risk analysis and prediction of land use in arid valley based on landscape index[J].Research of Soil and Water Conservation,2018,25(2):207-212.
[7]杨阳,黄义雄,李潇,等.海坛岛土地利用变化模拟与景观生态风险评价[J].水土保持通报,2017,37(6):146-151.YANG Y,HUANG Y X,LI X,et al.Land use change simulation and landscape ecological risk assessment of Haitan Island[J].Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,37(6):146-151.
[8]欧阳雪敏,艾彬,贾晓韡.基于景观格局变化的海岸带生态风险评价---以辽宁省瓦房店市为例[J].海洋开发与管理,2018,35(1):105-113.
[9]李强,高楠.长江经济带生态效率时空格局演化及影响因素研究[J].重庆大学学报(社会科学版),2018,24(3):29-37.
[10]潘润秋,易子豪,张琴.基于DEA模型和Malmquist生产效率指数的我国省际土地利用生态效率时空演变[J/OL].江苏农业科学[2018-04-17].https://doi.org/10.15889/j.issn.1002-1302.2018.05.064.
[11]李敏.基于Meta分析的沿海地区生态价值评估[J].内蒙古煤炭经济,2018(3):51-52.
[12]张娅莉.中国西北生态脆弱区生态价值量与生态补偿研究---以宁夏中部干旱带8县区为例[J].陇东学院学报,2017,28(3):135-140.ZHANG Y L.The ecological value quantity and eco-compensation of in fragile region of northwest China:a case study of the 8counties in the middle part of Ningxia[J].Journal of Longdong University,2017,28(3):135-140.
[13]熊侣英,师学义.黄土山丘区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响---以长河流域为例[J].水土保持研究,2018,25(2):335-340.
[14]张妍,尚金城.规划层次上的环境影响评价[J].上海环境科学,2002(3):153-156.ZHANG Y,SHANG J C.Environmental impact assessment on planning level[J].Shanghai Environmental Sciences,2002(3):153-156.
[15]潘嫦英,刘卫东.浅谈土地利用规划的环境影响评价[J].中国人口·资源与环境,2004(2):135-138.
[16]魏媛,吴长勇,徐筑燕.贵阳市土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2015,43(2):185-188.WEI Y,WU C Y,XU Z Y.Effects of land use variations on ecosystem services value of Guiyang City[J].Guizhou Agricultural Sciences,2015,43(2):185-188.
[17]黄羽,王磊,孙权,等.内蒙古腰坝绿洲区土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响[J].贵州农业科学,2013,41(2):65-69.
[18]苏维词.岩溶地区生态环境敏感度评价研究---以乌江流域为例[J].中国岩溶,1997(1):58-66.
[19]刘宇,陈学华,罗勇.土地利用变化对生态系统服务价值的影响---以贵州省为例[J].西北林学院学报,2008(1):219-213.LIU Y,CHEN X H,LUO Y.Effects of land use variations on ecosystem services value:a case study in Guizhou Province[J].Journal of Northwest Forestry University,2008(1):219-213.
[20]俞斌传,刘平辉,程飞,等.2005-2015年临川区土地利用/覆盖与景观格局变化分析[J].浙江农业科学,2018,59(3):466-471.
[21]谭洁,赵赛男,谭雪兰,等.1996-2016年洞庭湖区土地利用及景观格局演变特征[J].生态科学,2017,36(6):89-97.TAN J,ZHAO S N,TAN X L,et al.Change characteristics of land use and landscape pattern in Dongting Lake during 1996-2016[J].Ecological Science,2017,36(6):89-97.
[22]王玲.基于土地利用变化的上海市生态风险评价[J/OL].农业科学研究[2018-04-17].https://doi.org/10.13907/j.cnki.nykxyi.20171020.002.
[23]COSTANZA R,D'ARGE R,DE GROOT R,et al.The value of the world’s ecosystem services and natural capital[J].Nature,1997,387(6630):253-260.
[24]李正,王军,白中科,等,贵州省土地利用及其生态系统服务价值与灰色预测[J].地理科学进展,2012,31(5):577-583.
[25]徐燕,孙小银,张大智,等.1980-2015年南四湖流域景观格局及其脆弱性[J].应用生态学报,2018,29(2):635-642.