科技孵化产业协同发展对区域创新的溢出效应
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摘要
文章基于二象对偶理论,将科技孵化创新系统划分成资源子系统、孵化器创新绩效子系统和创客创新绩效子系统三部分;基于协同度模型,对全国31个省、市及自治区2009-2016年科技孵化产业协同发展程度进行测度,揭示其时空分异特征;建立动态空间杜宾模型,探究区域创新影响因素及其空间溢出效应;以政府支持为门限变量,建立门限回归模型,对"众创"背景下科技孵化产业发展过程中的政府支持作用进行非线性检验。结果表明:(1)孵化产业协同度与政府支持对区域创新产生显著正向促进作用,区域创新受自身上一期绩效正向影响,受上一期邻近地区绩效的负向影响;(2)本地区孵化产业的协同发展程度与政府支持对区域创新存在直接效应以及空间溢出效应;(3)产业协同度的长期效应小于短期效应。从短期看,溢出效应大于直接效应;从长期看,直接效应大于溢出效应;(4)政府支持负向调节科技孵化产业协同度与区域创新之间关系;(5)在孵化产业协同发展作用的过程中,政府支持存在非线性作用,其强度增加会削弱负向调节作用。根据上述结论提出若干产业政策与发展建议。
Firstly,based on the two image duality theory,the technology hatching innovation system is divided into three parts: resource subsystem,incubator innovation performance subsystem and innovation customer performance subsystem. Then,based on the coordinated coupling degree model,the degree of synergistic development of the 31 provincial technology incubators in 2009-2016 years was measured,and the spatial and temporal characteristics were revealed. Thirdly,the Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model is established to explore the influence factors of regional innovation performance and its spatial spillover effect. At last,taking government support as threshold variable,establishing threshold regression model,and conduct a nonlinear test on the role of government support in the process of developing technology on regional innovation. The results showed that:( 1) Synergy degree of technology incubating industry and government support have a significant positive effect on regional innovation,regional innovation was affected positively by itself and was affected negatively by the performance of adjacent areas.( 2) There are the"direct effects"and"spillover effects"of Synergistic development of technology incubating industry on regional innovation.( 3) As for the Synergy degree of technology incubating industry,its long-term effect is less than the short-term effect. In the short term,the spillover effect is greater than the direct effect;in the long term,the direct effect is greater than the spillover effect.( 4) Government support negatively regulate the relationship between technology incubating industry cooperation and regional innovation.( 5) In the process of collaborative development of technology incubating industry,government support has non-linear effects,and the negative regulation will be weaken. Some industrial policies and suggestions are put forward according to the above conclusions.
Firstly,based on the two image duality theory,the technology hatching innovation system is divided into three parts: resource subsystem,incubator innovation performance subsystem and innovation customer performance subsystem. Then,based on the coordinated coupling degree model,the degree of synergistic development of the 31 provincial technology incubators in 2009-2016 years was measured,and the spatial and temporal characteristics were revealed. Thirdly,the Dynamic Spatial Durbin Model is established to explore the influence factors of regional innovation performance and its spatial spillover effect. At last,taking government support as threshold variable,establishing threshold regression model,and conduct a nonlinear test on the role of government support in the process of developing technology on regional innovation. The results showed that:( 1) Synergy degree of technology incubating industry and government support have a significant positive effect on regional innovation,regional innovation was affected positively by itself and was affected negatively by the performance of adjacent areas.( 2) There are the"direct effects"and"spillover effects"of Synergistic development of technology incubating industry on regional innovation.( 3) As for the Synergy degree of technology incubating industry,its long-term effect is less than the short-term effect. In the short term,the spillover effect is greater than the direct effect;in the long term,the direct effect is greater than the spillover effect.( 4) Government support negatively regulate the relationship between technology incubating industry cooperation and regional innovation.( 5) In the process of collaborative development of technology incubating industry,government support has non-linear effects,and the negative regulation will be weaken. Some industrial policies and suggestions are put forward according to the above conclusions.
引文
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[16]贾军,张卓,张伟.中国高技术产业技术创新系统协同发展实证分析——以航空航天器制造业为例[J].科研管理,2013,34(4):10-15.
[17]靳巧花,严太华.自主研发与区域创新能力关系研究——基于知识产权保护的动态门限效应[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(2):148-157.
[18]余泳泽.政府支持、制度环境、FDI与我国区域创新体系建设[J].产业经济研究,2011,1(1):47-55.
[19]鲁钊阳,廖彬彬. FDI技术溢出与区域创新能力差异的双门槛效应[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,5(5):73-81.
[20]严太华,刘焕鹏.自主研发与知识积累:基于金融发展视角的门限模型研究[J].中国管理科学,2015,5(5):75-88.
[21]卓乘风,邓峰.创新要素流动与区域创新绩效——空间视下政府调节作用的非线性检验[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(7):15-25.
[22] Elhorst J P. Spatial Econometrics from Cross-sectional data to Spatial Panels[M]. New York:Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London,2014.
[23]吕勇斌,周先平,易盈盈.基于金融许可证信息的中国商业银行机构空间布局及其对区域经济的影响分析[J].国际金融研究,2017,6(6):55-64.
[24]刘满凤,谢晗进.我国工业化与城镇化的环境经济集聚双门槛效应分析[J].管理评论,2017,29(10):22-33.
[25]苏屹,安晓丽,王心焕,等.人力资本投入对区域创新绩效的影响研究——基于知识产权保护制度的门限回归[J].科学学研究,2017,35(5):722-781.
[2] Chesbrough H. Open Innovation:The New Imperative for Creating and Profiting from Technology[M]. Boston:Harvard Business School Press,2003.
[3] Happer-anderaon E,David A L. What makes business incubation work? Measuring the influence of incubator quality and regional capacity on incubator outcomes[J].Research and Practice,2017,(1):1-15.
[4]张力,周勇涛,戚汝庆.基于在孵企业面板数据的孵化器绩效分析[J].软科学,2016,30(11):5-9.
[5] Albort-morant G,Ribeiro-soriano D. A bibliometric analysis of international impact of business incubators[J]. Journal of Business Research,2016,69(5):1775-1779.
[6]张宝建,裴梦丹,孙国强,等.基于创业过程的资源匹配孵化研究[J].运筹与管理,2017,26(8):146-155.
[7]李振华,赵寒,吴文清.在孵企业关系社会资本对创新绩效影响——以资源获取为中介变量[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,28(6):144-156.
[8]张宝建,孙国强,裴梦丹,等.网络能力、网络结构与创业绩效——基于中国孵化产业的实证研究[J].南开管理评论,2015,18(2):39-50.
[9]毕可佳,胡海青,张道宏.孵化器编配能力对孵化网络创新绩效影响研究——网络协同效应的中介作用[J].管理评论,2017,29(4):36-45.
[10]李振华,封新宇,吴文清,等.多中心治理模式下区域科技孵化网络协同创新机制研究[J].中国科技论坛,2016,1(1):44-50.
[11]王是业,武常岐.孵化支持会促进创业企业增加研发投入吗?——在孵企业研发人力资源的调节作用[J].研究与发展管理,2017,29(2):20-29.
[12] Johnson W. Integrative taxonomy of intellectual capital:Measuring the stock and flow of intellectual capital components in the firm[J]. International Journal of Technology Management,1999,18(5):562-575.
[13] Yitmen I. Intellectual capital:A competitive asset for driving innovation in engineering design firms[J]. Engineering Management Journal,2014,23(2):23-27.
[14] Hsu L C W H. Clarifying the effect of intellectual capital on performance:The mediating role of dynamic capability[J]. British Journal of Management,2012,23(1):179-205.
[15]高隆昌,徐飞.系统学二象论初探:一个理论框架[J].系统工程理论与实践,2007,5(5):95-100.
[16]贾军,张卓,张伟.中国高技术产业技术创新系统协同发展实证分析——以航空航天器制造业为例[J].科研管理,2013,34(4):10-15.
[17]靳巧花,严太华.自主研发与区域创新能力关系研究——基于知识产权保护的动态门限效应[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(2):148-157.
[18]余泳泽.政府支持、制度环境、FDI与我国区域创新体系建设[J].产业经济研究,2011,1(1):47-55.
[19]鲁钊阳,廖彬彬. FDI技术溢出与区域创新能力差异的双门槛效应[J].数量经济技术经济研究,2012,5(5):73-81.
[20]严太华,刘焕鹏.自主研发与知识积累:基于金融发展视角的门限模型研究[J].中国管理科学,2015,5(5):75-88.
[21]卓乘风,邓峰.创新要素流动与区域创新绩效——空间视下政府调节作用的非线性检验[J].科学学与科学技术管理,2017,38(7):15-25.
[22] Elhorst J P. Spatial Econometrics from Cross-sectional data to Spatial Panels[M]. New York:Springer Heidelberg New York Dordrecht London,2014.
[23]吕勇斌,周先平,易盈盈.基于金融许可证信息的中国商业银行机构空间布局及其对区域经济的影响分析[J].国际金融研究,2017,6(6):55-64.
[24]刘满凤,谢晗进.我国工业化与城镇化的环境经济集聚双门槛效应分析[J].管理评论,2017,29(10):22-33.
[25]苏屹,安晓丽,王心焕,等.人力资本投入对区域创新绩效的影响研究——基于知识产权保护制度的门限回归[J].科学学研究,2017,35(5):722-781.