基于控制单元的湖北省小南海湖流域生态修复措施体系及布局分析
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摘要
针对湖北省松滋市小南海湖流域水环境恶化、水生态系统破坏等现状,为了有效改善湖泊水质与生态环境,本研究首先依据行政区划和汇水分区对流域进行控制单元划分,再通过由土壤和水体评价模型和MIKE 21模型耦合而成的流域水环境系统模型统计并计算出了流域的污染源与污染负荷,并核算了其水环境容量。为了有效应对各类污染并落实责任主体,研究提出了基于控制单元的水生态修复体系,包括三级人工湿地工程、自然型湿地工程、清水廊道工程、湖岸缓冲带工程与浅水水生植物带工程。最后使用由污染物浓度控制与总量控制体系构成的"双控"体系对水生态修复效果进行评估。评估结果表明,以上5项生态修复措施可有效削减化学需氧量、总氮、总磷和氨氮等水质指标的总量,使小南海湖水质达到地表水Ⅲ类水质标准。
To deal with the water environmental degradation and ecological damage of the Xiaonanhai Lake watershed in Songzi City of Hubei Province,China,this study first divided the watershed into 32 control units according to the administrative division and catchment zones,then analyzed the pollution source and load and calculated the water environmental capacity of the watershed with the water environment system model coupled by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model and the MIKE 21 model.To better deal with different pollutants and divide the responsibility more efficiently,the study proposed a control-unit-based system of five ecological restoration measures including the three-stage constructed wetland,the natural wetland,the clean water corridor,the lakeshore buffer zone,and the emerged and floating plant belt.Finally,the performance evaluation of these measures was conducted under the "Dual Control" system of concentration control and total load control of pollutants.The result proved that the five measures could effectively reduce the total amount of COD,TN, TP,and NH,-N to improve the water quality,meeting the Surface Water Class Ⅲ Standard.
To deal with the water environmental degradation and ecological damage of the Xiaonanhai Lake watershed in Songzi City of Hubei Province,China,this study first divided the watershed into 32 control units according to the administrative division and catchment zones,then analyzed the pollution source and load and calculated the water environmental capacity of the watershed with the water environment system model coupled by the Soil and Water Assessment Tool model and the MIKE 21 model.To better deal with different pollutants and divide the responsibility more efficiently,the study proposed a control-unit-based system of five ecological restoration measures including the three-stage constructed wetland,the natural wetland,the clean water corridor,the lakeshore buffer zone,and the emerged and floating plant belt.Finally,the performance evaluation of these measures was conducted under the "Dual Control" system of concentration control and total load control of pollutants.The result proved that the five measures could effectively reduce the total amount of COD,TN, TP,and NH,-N to improve the water quality,meeting the Surface Water Class Ⅲ Standard.
引文
[1]Peng,W.(2018).Research on river and lake health assessment indicators,standards and methods.Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,16(5), 76-86,98.doi:10.13244/j.cnki.jiwhr.2018.05.008
[2]Deng,F., Jin,T.,Ma, L., Lin,T.,Li,Z.,&Yuan,Y.(2016).Dividing method of control units for watershed environmental management in the 13th national five-year plan.Advances in Water Science,27(6),909-917.doi:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.06.014
[3]United States Environmental Protection Agency.(2005).Handbook for developing watershed plans to restore and protect our waters.Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/nps/handbook-developingwatershed-plans-restore-and-protect-our-waters
[4]Fang,Y.,Wan,J.,Luo,D.,Sun,S.,&Chen,C.(2015).Study on Control Unit Division Technology for Total Amount Control in Gangjiang Basin.Research of Environmental Sciences,28(4),540-549.doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2015.04.08
[5]Chen,S.(2016).Study on present situation analysis and prediction of water quality based on Control Unit in the Mao Zhou River Basin[Master's thesis,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China).Available from CNKI database.
[6]O'Hogain,S.,&McCarton,L.(2018).Nature-based solutions.In A Technology Portfolio of Nature Based Solutions:Innovations in Water Management(pp.1-9).Dublin,Ireland:Springer International Publishing,doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73281-7
[7]Wang,J.(2012).Research on the Rainstorm Runoff Effect of Mountainous City and Measures of Ecological Reconstruction Based on SWMM(Master's thesis,Chongqing University,Chongqing,China).Available from CNKI database.
[8]Chang,J.(2017).Evaluation for the effectiveness of best management practices(BMPs)based on SWAT model-A case study of West Tiaoxi Watershed(Master's thesis,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China).Available from CNKI database.
[9]Geng,R.,Liang,X.,Yin,P., Wang,M.,&Zhou,L.(2019).A review:Multi-objective collaborative optimization of best management practices for non-point sources pollution control.Acta Eco logica Sinica,39(8),2667-2675.doi:10.5846/stxb201804140860
[10]Yan,J.,Feng,J.,&Zhang,S.(2019).Effect Analysis of Water Supplement Scheme for Xiaonanhai Lake Based on MIKE 21.Pearl River,40(7),90-96.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2019.07.016
[11]Wang, D., Wang,Y.,Xie, Y., Zhao,Y., Liang,T.,&Zhao,K.(2012).Methodology and Its Application of Control-unit Division Served for Watershed Environment Management.Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,20(Supplement),30-37.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2012.s1.003
[12]Xiao,Y.,Dong,F.,Zhang,X.,Huo,F.,&Peng,W.(2013).River Ecological Base Flow Based on Distributed Hydrological Model of SWAT.Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition).45(1),85-90.doi:10.15961/j.jsuese.2013.01.010
[13]Cheng,Y.,Ao, T., Li,X.,&Wu, B.(2016).Runoff simulation by SWAT model based on parameter transfer method in ungauged catchments of middle reaches of Jialing River.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,32(13),81-86.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.13.012
(1)参数移植法即选择与研究流域相似的有资料流域作为参证流域,将其相关参数移用到缺乏资料的流域,作为其模型参数。(1)The parameter use method is to use parameters of a referenced watershed that has similar characteristics with the studied watershed with insufficient materials
[2]Deng,F., Jin,T.,Ma, L., Lin,T.,Li,Z.,&Yuan,Y.(2016).Dividing method of control units for watershed environmental management in the 13th national five-year plan.Advances in Water Science,27(6),909-917.doi:10.14042/j.cnki.32.1309.2016.06.014
[3]United States Environmental Protection Agency.(2005).Handbook for developing watershed plans to restore and protect our waters.Retrieved from https://www.epa.gov/nps/handbook-developingwatershed-plans-restore-and-protect-our-waters
[4]Fang,Y.,Wan,J.,Luo,D.,Sun,S.,&Chen,C.(2015).Study on Control Unit Division Technology for Total Amount Control in Gangjiang Basin.Research of Environmental Sciences,28(4),540-549.doi:10.13198/j.issn.1001-6929.2015.04.08
[5]Chen,S.(2016).Study on present situation analysis and prediction of water quality based on Control Unit in the Mao Zhou River Basin[Master's thesis,Shenzhen University,Shenzhen,China).Available from CNKI database.
[6]O'Hogain,S.,&McCarton,L.(2018).Nature-based solutions.In A Technology Portfolio of Nature Based Solutions:Innovations in Water Management(pp.1-9).Dublin,Ireland:Springer International Publishing,doi:10.1007/978-3-319-73281-7
[7]Wang,J.(2012).Research on the Rainstorm Runoff Effect of Mountainous City and Measures of Ecological Reconstruction Based on SWMM(Master's thesis,Chongqing University,Chongqing,China).Available from CNKI database.
[8]Chang,J.(2017).Evaluation for the effectiveness of best management practices(BMPs)based on SWAT model-A case study of West Tiaoxi Watershed(Master's thesis,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,China).Available from CNKI database.
[9]Geng,R.,Liang,X.,Yin,P., Wang,M.,&Zhou,L.(2019).A review:Multi-objective collaborative optimization of best management practices for non-point sources pollution control.Acta Eco logica Sinica,39(8),2667-2675.doi:10.5846/stxb201804140860
[10]Yan,J.,Feng,J.,&Zhang,S.(2019).Effect Analysis of Water Supplement Scheme for Xiaonanhai Lake Based on MIKE 21.Pearl River,40(7),90-96.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-9235.2019.07.016
[11]Wang, D., Wang,Y.,Xie, Y., Zhao,Y., Liang,T.,&Zhao,K.(2012).Methodology and Its Application of Control-unit Division Served for Watershed Environment Management.Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,20(Supplement),30-37.doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-0930.2012.s1.003
[12]Xiao,Y.,Dong,F.,Zhang,X.,Huo,F.,&Peng,W.(2013).River Ecological Base Flow Based on Distributed Hydrological Model of SWAT.Journal of Sichuan University(Engineering Science Edition).45(1),85-90.doi:10.15961/j.jsuese.2013.01.010
[13]Cheng,Y.,Ao, T., Li,X.,&Wu, B.(2016).Runoff simulation by SWAT model based on parameter transfer method in ungauged catchments of middle reaches of Jialing River.Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering,32(13),81-86.doi:10.11975/j.issn.1002-6819.2016.13.012
(1)参数移植法即选择与研究流域相似的有资料流域作为参证流域,将其相关参数移用到缺乏资料的流域,作为其模型参数。(1)The parameter use method is to use parameters of a referenced watershed that has similar characteristics with the studied watershed with insufficient materials
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