南堡地区碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构特征及对物性的影响
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摘要
利用数字图像分析法对南堡地区碳酸盐岩储层的孔隙结构参数进行定量求取,明确了不同类型孔隙的孔隙结构参数特征,分析了孔隙结构特征对储层物性的影响,并应用优选出的孔隙结构参数建立碳酸盐岩储层物性预测模型。结果表明:研究区内碳酸盐岩储层的储集空间以次生孔隙为主,为一套典型的孔隙型储层。应用孔隙结构参数可以较好的区分铸模孔、粒间孔、粒内孔和晶间孔等孔隙类型,其中铸模孔呈较低的平均等效直径与高的宽纵比,粒间孔以高等效直径25%为特征,粒内孔对应最低的比表面、最高的等效直径标准差,晶间孔比表面较高且宽纵比分布范围局限。等效直径、形状因子、球度和宽纵比等参数对储层物性的影响显著。分别针对孔隙度和渗透率,在提取的28项孔隙结构参数中优选出6种相关性高的参数,并应用多元线性回归方法分别进行拟合。验证结果显示拟合公式具有较高的可信度,且渗透率(R~2=0.916)优于孔隙度(R~2=0.778)。该方法可为研究区及其他地区的孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层评价研究提供参考。
The pore structure parameters of carbonate rocks is quantified by digital image analysis(DIA) to determine the characteristics of the pores in this complex structure and their influence on its physical properties. A model for predicting the physical properties of the carbonate reservoir is established after selecting appropriate parameters. The carbonate reservoir is a typical porous reservoir dominated by secondary pores. Application of pore-structure parameters in this way enables the various pore types in the carbonate reservoirs in the Nanpu area to be distinguished. Pore types included: moldic pores with low perimeter-over-area(PoA) and high aspect ratio; intergranular pores with low PoA and high equivalent diameter(the latter having a large standard deviation); and matrix pores, typically of high PoA and high average equivalent diameter. Of all the pore parameters, the equivalent diameter, form factor, roundness and compactness are found to have the greatest effect on porosity and permeability. Further, 28 parameters are optimized by means of correlation matrix. The best-fit relationship between pore structure parameters and porosity and permeability is established by multivariate linear regression, giving the very reasonable R~2 values of 0.778 for porosity and 0.916 for permeability. These results provide an ideal reference for evaluating the properties of porous carbonate reservoirs in Nanpu and in other areas.
The pore structure parameters of carbonate rocks is quantified by digital image analysis(DIA) to determine the characteristics of the pores in this complex structure and their influence on its physical properties. A model for predicting the physical properties of the carbonate reservoir is established after selecting appropriate parameters. The carbonate reservoir is a typical porous reservoir dominated by secondary pores. Application of pore-structure parameters in this way enables the various pore types in the carbonate reservoirs in the Nanpu area to be distinguished. Pore types included: moldic pores with low perimeter-over-area(PoA) and high aspect ratio; intergranular pores with low PoA and high equivalent diameter(the latter having a large standard deviation); and matrix pores, typically of high PoA and high average equivalent diameter. Of all the pore parameters, the equivalent diameter, form factor, roundness and compactness are found to have the greatest effect on porosity and permeability. Further, 28 parameters are optimized by means of correlation matrix. The best-fit relationship between pore structure parameters and porosity and permeability is established by multivariate linear regression, giving the very reasonable R~2 values of 0.778 for porosity and 0.916 for permeability. These results provide an ideal reference for evaluating the properties of porous carbonate reservoirs in Nanpu and in other areas.
引文
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[10] 李兵,凌其聪,鲍征宇,等. 用数字化图像分析法确定岩石物性[J]. 新疆石油地质,2008,29(2):253-255. [Li Bing, Ling Qicong, Bao Zhengyu, et al. Application of digital image processing to determination of petrophysical property[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008, 29(2): 253-255.]
[11] 师政,邱隆伟,张阳,等. 基于地震属性聚类的岩相分析方法及应用:以南堡凹陷奥陶系潜山储层为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(4):688-695. [Shi Zheng, Qiu Longwei, Zhang Yang, et al. Petrographic analysis method and application based on seismic attributes cluster: Taking Ordovician buried hill reservoir in Nanpu Sag for example[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2015, 44(4): 688-695.]
[12] 曹中宏,张红臣,刘国勇,等. 南堡凹陷碳酸盐岩优质储层发育主控因素与分布预测[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):103-110. [Cao Zhonghong, Zhang Hongchen, Liu Guoyong, et al. Main control factors and distribution prediction of high-quality carbonate reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(1): 103-110.]
[13] 师政,邱隆伟,田琨,等. 南堡凹陷下古生界表生岩溶特征及识别[J]. 东北石油大学学报,2015,39(3):32-40. [Shi Zheng, Qiu Longwei, Tian Kun, et al. Carbonate supergene karstification features and identification of the Lower Paleozoic in Nanpu Sag[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2015, 39(3): 32-40.]
[14] 王拥军,张宝民,董月霞,等. 南堡凹陷奥陶系潜山岩溶塌陷体识别、储层特征及油气勘探前景[J]. 石油学报,2012,33(4):570-580. [Wang Yongjun, Zhang Baomin, Dong Yuexia, et al. Identification, reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration prospect of karstic collapsed systems of Ordovician buried hills in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(4): 570-580.]
[15] 范宜仁,徐拥军,范卓颖,等. 铸体薄片孔隙参数提取及其对饱和度指数的影响[J]. 测井技术,2014,38(3):257-261. [Fan Yiren, Xu Yongjun, Fan Zhuoying, et al. On pore structure parameters extraction from thin section and their influence on saturation index[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2014, 38(3): 257-261.]
[16] 张学丰,蔡忠贤,胡文瑄,等. 应用Adobe Photoshop定量分析岩石结构[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(4):667-673. [Zhang Xuefeng, Cai Zhongxian, Hu Wenxuan, et al. Using adobe photoshop to quantify rock textures[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(4): 667-673.]
[17] Norbisrath J H, Eberli E G, Laurich B, et al. Electrical and fluid flow properties of carbonate microporosity types from multiscale digital image analysis and mercury injection[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2015, 99(11): 2077-2098.
[18] L?n?y A. Making sense of carbonate pore systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(9): 1381-1405.
[19] Hollis C, Vahrenkamp V, Tull S, et al. Pore system characterisation in heterogeneous carbonates: an alternative approach to widely-used rock-typing methodologies[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2010, 27(4): 772-793.
[20] Sun Y F. A two-parameter model of elastic wave velocities in rocks and numerical avo modeling[J]. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 2004, 12(4): 619-630.
[21] 黄述旺,蔡毅,魏萍,等. 储层微观孔隙结构特征空间展布研究方法[J]. 石油学报,1994,15(增刊1):76-81. [Huang Shuwang, Cai Yi, Wei Ping, et al. An approach to study the spatial distribution of properties of reservoir's micropore structure[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1994, 15(Suppl.1): 76-81.]
[22] 周彦,谭秀成,刘宏,等. 四川盆地磨溪构造嘉二段孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的评价[J]. 石油学报,2009,30(3):372-378. [Zhou Yan, Tan Xiucheng, Liu Hong, et al. Evaluation of porous carbonate reservoir of Jia 2 Member in Moxi structure of Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(3): 372-378.]
[2] 姜均伟,朱宇清,徐星,等. 伊拉克H油田碳酸盐岩储层的孔隙结构特征及其对电阻的影响[J]. 地球物理学进展,2015,30(1):203-209. [Jiang Junwei, Zhu Yuqing, Xu Xing, et al. Pore structure characteristics of the carbonate reservoir and their influence on electric properties in H oilfield, Iraq[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2015, 30(1): 203-209.]
[3] 赵良孝,陈明江. 论储层评价中的五性关系[J]. 天然气工业,2015,35(1):53-60. [Zhao Liangxiao, Chen Mingjiang. A discussion on the relationships between five properties in reservoir evaluation[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2015, 35(1): 53-60.]
[4] 郭振华,李光辉,吴蕾,等. 碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构评价方法:以土库曼斯坦阿姆河右岸气田为例[J]. 石油学报,2011,32(3):459-465. [Guo Zhenhua, Li Guanghui, Wu Lei, et al. Pore texture evaluation of carbonate reservoirs in Gasfield A, Turkmenistan[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(3): 459-465.]
[5] 王小敏,樊太亮. 碳酸盐岩储层渗透率研究现状与前瞻[J]. 地学前缘,2013,20(5):166-174. [Wang Xiaomin, Fan Tailiang. Progress of research on permeability of carbonate rocks[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2013, 20(5): 166-174.]
[6] 秦瑞宝,李雄炎,刘春成,等. 碳酸盐岩储层孔隙结构的影响因素与储层参数的定量评价[J]. 地学前缘,2015,22(1):251-259. [Qin Ruibao, Li Xiongyan, Liu Chuncheng, et al. Influential factors of pore structure and quantitative evaluation of reservoir parameters in carbonate reservoirs[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2015, 22(1): 251-259.]
[7] Weger R J, Eberli G P, Baechle G T, et al. Quantification of pore structure and its effect on sonic velocity and permeability in carbonates[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2009, 93(10): 1297-1317.
[8] Verwer K, Eberli G P, Weger R J. Effect of pore structure on electrical resistivity in carbonates[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2011, 95(2): 175-190.
[9] 赵永刚,赵明华,赵永鹏,等. 一种分析碳酸盐岩孔隙系统数字图像的新方法[J]. 天然气工业,2006,26(12):75-78. [Zhao Yonggang, Zhao Minghua, Zhao Yongpeng, et al. A new approach of analyzing digital image of pore system of carbonate rocks[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2006, 26(12): 75-78.]
[10] 李兵,凌其聪,鲍征宇,等. 用数字化图像分析法确定岩石物性[J]. 新疆石油地质,2008,29(2):253-255. [Li Bing, Ling Qicong, Bao Zhengyu, et al. Application of digital image processing to determination of petrophysical property[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2008, 29(2): 253-255.]
[11] 师政,邱隆伟,张阳,等. 基于地震属性聚类的岩相分析方法及应用:以南堡凹陷奥陶系潜山储层为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报,2015,44(4):688-695. [Shi Zheng, Qiu Longwei, Zhang Yang, et al. Petrographic analysis method and application based on seismic attributes cluster: Taking Ordovician buried hill reservoir in Nanpu Sag for example[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2015, 44(4): 688-695.]
[12] 曹中宏,张红臣,刘国勇,等. 南堡凹陷碳酸盐岩优质储层发育主控因素与分布预测[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2015,36(1):103-110. [Cao Zhonghong, Zhang Hongchen, Liu Guoyong, et al. Main control factors and distribution prediction of high-quality carbonate reservoirs in the Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(1): 103-110.]
[13] 师政,邱隆伟,田琨,等. 南堡凹陷下古生界表生岩溶特征及识别[J]. 东北石油大学学报,2015,39(3):32-40. [Shi Zheng, Qiu Longwei, Tian Kun, et al. Carbonate supergene karstification features and identification of the Lower Paleozoic in Nanpu Sag[J]. Journal of Northeast Petroleum University, 2015, 39(3): 32-40.]
[14] 王拥军,张宝民,董月霞,等. 南堡凹陷奥陶系潜山岩溶塌陷体识别、储层特征及油气勘探前景[J]. 石油学报,2012,33(4):570-580. [Wang Yongjun, Zhang Baomin, Dong Yuexia, et al. Identification, reservoir characteristics and hydrocarbon exploration prospect of karstic collapsed systems of Ordovician buried hills in Nanpu Sag, Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2012, 33(4): 570-580.]
[15] 范宜仁,徐拥军,范卓颖,等. 铸体薄片孔隙参数提取及其对饱和度指数的影响[J]. 测井技术,2014,38(3):257-261. [Fan Yiren, Xu Yongjun, Fan Zhuoying, et al. On pore structure parameters extraction from thin section and their influence on saturation index[J]. Well Logging Technology, 2014, 38(3): 257-261.]
[16] 张学丰,蔡忠贤,胡文瑄,等. 应用Adobe Photoshop定量分析岩石结构[J]. 沉积学报,2009,27(4):667-673. [Zhang Xuefeng, Cai Zhongxian, Hu Wenxuan, et al. Using adobe photoshop to quantify rock textures[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2009, 27(4): 667-673.]
[17] Norbisrath J H, Eberli E G, Laurich B, et al. Electrical and fluid flow properties of carbonate microporosity types from multiscale digital image analysis and mercury injection[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2015, 99(11): 2077-2098.
[18] L?n?y A. Making sense of carbonate pore systems[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(9): 1381-1405.
[19] Hollis C, Vahrenkamp V, Tull S, et al. Pore system characterisation in heterogeneous carbonates: an alternative approach to widely-used rock-typing methodologies[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2010, 27(4): 772-793.
[20] Sun Y F. A two-parameter model of elastic wave velocities in rocks and numerical avo modeling[J]. Journal of Computational Acoustics, 2004, 12(4): 619-630.
[21] 黄述旺,蔡毅,魏萍,等. 储层微观孔隙结构特征空间展布研究方法[J]. 石油学报,1994,15(增刊1):76-81. [Huang Shuwang, Cai Yi, Wei Ping, et al. An approach to study the spatial distribution of properties of reservoir's micropore structure[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1994, 15(Suppl.1): 76-81.]
[22] 周彦,谭秀成,刘宏,等. 四川盆地磨溪构造嘉二段孔隙型碳酸盐岩储层的评价[J]. 石油学报,2009,30(3):372-378. [Zhou Yan, Tan Xiucheng, Liu Hong, et al. Evaluation of porous carbonate reservoir of Jia 2 Member in Moxi structure of Sichuan Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2009, 30(3): 372-378.]