海洋硅藻细胞表面物理化学特性对镉累积的影响
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摘要
硅藻是海洋生态系统中主要的初级生产者,在全球碳循环中扮演重要角色。硅藻在镉(Cd)的生物地球化学循环中同样发挥了关键的作用。营养盐、盐度、pH、光照、温度等因子可改变Cd在硅藻中的累积,但其关键过程尚未清楚。借助多功能原子力显微镜(AFM)、X射线光电子能谱(XPS)、非损伤微测(NMT)等先进表征手段,可定量研究硅藻细胞的表面物理化学特性。本综述讨论环境因子对细胞表面粗糙度的影响,探索粗糙度-表面功能基团-电势之间的联系,从微观层次揭示硅藻细胞与Cd之间的相互作用,诠释硅藻吸附金属Cd的过程。
Diatoms contribute over 40% of marine primary productivity, and their accumulation of cadmium(Cd)is closely related to the biogeochemical cycle of carbon. Environmental factors such as light, temperature, and nutrients can affect the diatom Cd, but how these factors influence the Cd uptake by changing the surface properties of diatoms are not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the effects of environmental factors on surface roughness and potential of the diatoms, and tries to illustrate how these properties influence the Cd uptake. The major purpose of this review is to elucidate the relationship among the environmental factors, surface physicochemical properties, and Cd adsorption in diatoms.
Diatoms contribute over 40% of marine primary productivity, and their accumulation of cadmium(Cd)is closely related to the biogeochemical cycle of carbon. Environmental factors such as light, temperature, and nutrients can affect the diatom Cd, but how these factors influence the Cd uptake by changing the surface properties of diatoms are not fully understood. This review aims to discuss the effects of environmental factors on surface roughness and potential of the diatoms, and tries to illustrate how these properties influence the Cd uptake. The major purpose of this review is to elucidate the relationship among the environmental factors, surface physicochemical properties, and Cd adsorption in diatoms.
引文
[1]高亚辉,梁君荣,陈长平,等.海洋硅藻多样性与生态作用研究[J].厦门大学学报:自然科学版,2011,50(2):455-464Gao Y H,Liang J R,Chen C P,et al.Studies on biodiversity and ecological importance of marine diatoms[J].Journal of Xiamen University:Natural Science,2011,50(2):455-464(in Chinese)
[2]Strzepek R F,Harrison P J.Photosynthetic architecture differs in coastal and oceanic diatoms[J].Nature,2004,431:689-692
[3]Benitez-Nelson C R,Bidigare R R,Dickey T D,et al.Mesoscale eddies drive increased silica export in the subtropical Pacific Ocean[J].Science,2007,316:1017-1021
[4]Sunda W.Feedback interactions between trace metal nutrients and phytoplankton in the ocean[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2012,3:204
[5]Campbell P G.Cadmium-A priority pollutant[J].Environmental Chemistry,2007,3:387-388
[6]Lane T W,Morel F M M.A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2000,97:4627-4631
[7]Xu Y,Feng L,Jeffrey P D,et al.Structure and metal exchange in the cadmium carbonic anhydrase of marine diatoms[J].Nature,2008,452:56-61
[8]Tessier A,Turner D R.(Eds.).Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems(Vol.3)[M].Chichester:Wiley,1995:47
[9]Fisher N S,Frood D.Heavy metals and marine diatoms:Influence of dissolved organic compounds on toxicity and selection for metal tolerance among four species[J].Marine Biology,1980,59(2):85-93
[10]Pickhardt P C,Fisher N S.Accumulation of inorganic and methylmercury by freshwater phytoplankton in two contrasting water bodies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(1):125-131
[11]Duong T T,Morin S,Coste M,et al.Experimental toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium in freshwater periphytic diatoms in relation with biofilm maturity[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(3):552-562
[12]Crist R H,Oberholser K,Schwartz D,et al.Interactions of metals and protons with algae[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1988,22(7):755-760
[13]Fan J,Okyay T O,Rodrigues D F.The synergism of temperature,p H and growth phases on heavy metal biosorption by two environmental isolates[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,279:236-243
[14]Klimmek S,Stan H J,Wilke A,et al.Comparative analysis of the biosorption of cadmium,lead,nickel,and zinc by algae[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(21):4283-4288
[15]Verslycke T,Vangheluwe M,Heijerick D,et al.The toxicity of metal mixtures to the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer(Crustacea:Mysidacea)under changing salinity[J].A-quatic Toxicology,2003,64(3):307-315
[16]Sunda W,Huntsman S.Effect of p H,light,and temperature on Fe-EDTA chelation and Fe hydrolysis in seawater[J].Marine Chemistry,2003,84:35-47
[17]Harrison P J,Thompson P A,Calderwood G S.Effects of nutrient and light limitation on the biochemical composition of phytoplankton[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1990,2:45-56
[18]Boyd P W,Strzepek R,Fu F,et al.Environmental control of open-ocean phytoplankton groups:Now and in the future[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2010,55:1353
[19]Wang W X,Dei R C.Metal uptake in a coastal diatom influenced by major nutrients(N,P,and Si)[J].Water Research,2001,35:315-321
[20]Luoma S N,Van Geen A,Lee B G,et al.Metal uptake by phytoplankton during a bloom in South San Francisco Bay:Implications for metal cycling in estuaries[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1998,43:1007-1016
[21]Cullen J T,Lane T W,Morel F M,et al.Modulation of cadmium uptake in phytoplankton by seawater CO2concentration[J].Nature,1999,402:165-167
[22]Liao W H,Yang S C,Ho T Y.Trace metal composition of size-fractionated particles in the Western Philippine Sea:The importance of adsorption[C].Sapporo,Japan:AOGS Annual Meeting,2014
[23]Miao A J,Wang W X.Relationships between cell-specific growth rate,and uptake rate of cadmium and zinc by a coastal diatom[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2004,275:103-113
[24]梁君荣,陈丹丹,高亚辉,等.海洋硅藻硅质细胞壁结构的形成机理研究概述[J].海洋学报,2010,5:1-8Liang J R,Chen D D,Gao Y H,et al.A review on the process and mechanism of marine diatom silica structure formation[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,5:1-8(in Chinese)
[25]Sumper M,Kroger N.Silica formation in diatoms:The function of long-chain polyamines and silaffins[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2004,14:2059-2065
[26]Hamm C E,Merkel R,Springer O,et al.Architecture and material properties of diatom shells provide effective mechanical protection[J].Nature,2003,421(6925):841-843
[27]Monteiro C M,Castro P M,Malcata F X.Metal uptake by microalgae:Underlying mechanisms and practical applications[J].Biotechnology Progress,2012,28:299-311
[28]Falasco E,Bona F,Badino G,et al.Diatom teratological forms and environmental alterations:A review[J].Hydrobiologia,2009,623:1-35
[29]Wood A M,Lande R,Fryxell G A.Quantitative genetic analysis of morphological variation in an antarctic diatom grown at two light intensities[J].Journal of Phycology,1987,23(2):42-54
[30]Montagnes D J,Franklin M.Effect of temperature on diatom volume,growth rate,and carbon and nitrogen content:Reconsidering some paradigms[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2001,46(8):2008-2018
[31]Barber H G,Carter J R.Observations on some deformities found in British diatoms[J].Microscopy,1981,34(2):14-226
[32]Harrison P J,Conway H L,Holmes R W,et al.Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation.III.Cellular chemical composition and morphology of Chaetoceros debilis,Skeletonema costatum,and Thalassiosira gravida[J].Marine Biology,1977,43(1):19-31
[33]Torres E,Cid A,Herrero C,et al.Effect of cadmium on growth,ATP content,carbon fixation and ultrastructure in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2000,117(1-4):1-14
[34]Paulsson M,Nystrom B,Blanck H.Long-term toxicity of zinc to bacteria and algae in periphyton communities from the River G9talv,based on a microcosm study[J].A-quatic Toxicology,2000,47:243-257
[35]Pistocchi R,Mormile M A,Guerrini F,et al.Increased production of extra-and intracellular metal-ligands in phytoplankton exposed to copper and cadmium[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2000,12:469-477
[36]Marchetti A,Cassar N.Diatom elemental and morphological changes in response to iron limitation:A brief review with potential paleoceanographic applications[J].Geobiology,2009,7:419-431
[37]Wang M J,Wang W X.Cadmium toxicity in a marine diatom as predicted by the cellular metal sensitive fraction[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42:940-946
[38]Dyhrman S T,Jenkins B D,Rynearson T A,et al.The transcriptome and proteome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana reveal a diverse phosphorus stress response[J].PLo S One,2012,7:e33768
[39]Gélabert A,Pokrovsky O S,Viers J,et al.Interaction between zinc and freshwater and marine diatom species:Surface complexation and Zn isotope fractionation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70:839-857
[40]Gélabert A,Pokrovsky O S,Schott J,et al.Cadmium and lead interaction with diatom surfaces:A combined thermodynamic and kinetic approach[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2007,71:3698-3716
[41]Tesson B,Genet M J,Fernandez V,et al.Surface chemical composition of diatoms[J].Chembiochem,2010,10:2011-2024
[42]Buszewski B,Jezierska M,Weniak M,et al.Survey and trends in the preparation of chemically bonded silica phases for liquid chromatographic analysis[J].Journal of High Resolution Chromatography,1998,21:267-281
[43]Gélabert A,Pokrovsky O S,Reguant C,et al.A surface complexation model for cadmium and lead adsorption onto diatom surface[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,88:110-113
[44]Farooq U,Kozinski J A,Khan M A,et al.Biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbents-A review of the recent literature[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:5043-5053
[45]Henke L,Nagy N,Krull U J.An AFM determination of the effects on surface roughness caused by cleaning of fused silica and glass substrates in the process of optical biosensor preparation[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2002,17:547-555
[46]Vrieling E G,Sun Q,Tian M,et al.Salinity-dependent diatom biosilicification implies an important role of external ionic strength[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104:10441-10446
[47]Ma J,Zhou B,Duan D,et al.Silicon limitation reduced the adsorption of cadmium in marine diatoms[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,202:136-144
[48]斯冬芳,杨利民,严华,等.三角褐指藻对镉的富集机制和转化途径[J].中国科学:化学,2010,40(2):136-143Si D F,Yang L M,Yan H,et al.Study on tolerance and detoxification mechanism of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to cadmium[J].Science China Chemistry,2010,40(2):136-143(in Chinese)
[49]Sbihi K,Cherifi O,Bertrand M,et al.Biosorption of metals(Cd,Cu and Zn)by the freshwater diatom Planothidium lanceolatum:A laboratory study[J].Diatom Research,2014,29:55-63
[50]Tsai C C,Hung H H,Liu C P,et al.Changes in plasma membrane surface potential of PC12 cells as measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy[J].PLo S One,2012,7:e33849(1-7)
[51]Yang C,Yu Y,Sun W,et al.Indole derivatives inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm and modulated Cd2+efflux in diatom[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,88:62-69
[52]Ma J,Cai H,He C,et al.A hemicellulose-bound form of silicon inhibits cadmium ion uptake in rice(Oryza sativa)cells[J].New Phytologist,2015,206:1063-1074
[53]Vincent P,Chua M,Nogue F,et al.A sec14p-nodulin domain phosphatidylinositol transfer protein polarizes membrane growth of Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs[J].Journal of Cell Biology,2005,168:801-812
[2]Strzepek R F,Harrison P J.Photosynthetic architecture differs in coastal and oceanic diatoms[J].Nature,2004,431:689-692
[3]Benitez-Nelson C R,Bidigare R R,Dickey T D,et al.Mesoscale eddies drive increased silica export in the subtropical Pacific Ocean[J].Science,2007,316:1017-1021
[4]Sunda W.Feedback interactions between trace metal nutrients and phytoplankton in the ocean[J].Frontiers in Microbiology,2012,3:204
[5]Campbell P G.Cadmium-A priority pollutant[J].Environmental Chemistry,2007,3:387-388
[6]Lane T W,Morel F M M.A biological function for cadmium in marine diatoms[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,2000,97:4627-4631
[7]Xu Y,Feng L,Jeffrey P D,et al.Structure and metal exchange in the cadmium carbonic anhydrase of marine diatoms[J].Nature,2008,452:56-61
[8]Tessier A,Turner D R.(Eds.).Metal Speciation and Bioavailability in Aquatic Systems(Vol.3)[M].Chichester:Wiley,1995:47
[9]Fisher N S,Frood D.Heavy metals and marine diatoms:Influence of dissolved organic compounds on toxicity and selection for metal tolerance among four species[J].Marine Biology,1980,59(2):85-93
[10]Pickhardt P C,Fisher N S.Accumulation of inorganic and methylmercury by freshwater phytoplankton in two contrasting water bodies[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2007,41(1):125-131
[11]Duong T T,Morin S,Coste M,et al.Experimental toxicity and bioaccumulation of cadmium in freshwater periphytic diatoms in relation with biofilm maturity[J].Science of the Total Environment,2010,408(3):552-562
[12]Crist R H,Oberholser K,Schwartz D,et al.Interactions of metals and protons with algae[J].Environmental Science&Technology,1988,22(7):755-760
[13]Fan J,Okyay T O,Rodrigues D F.The synergism of temperature,p H and growth phases on heavy metal biosorption by two environmental isolates[J].Journal of Hazardous Materials,2014,279:236-243
[14]Klimmek S,Stan H J,Wilke A,et al.Comparative analysis of the biosorption of cadmium,lead,nickel,and zinc by algae[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2001,35(21):4283-4288
[15]Verslycke T,Vangheluwe M,Heijerick D,et al.The toxicity of metal mixtures to the estuarine mysid Neomysis integer(Crustacea:Mysidacea)under changing salinity[J].A-quatic Toxicology,2003,64(3):307-315
[16]Sunda W,Huntsman S.Effect of p H,light,and temperature on Fe-EDTA chelation and Fe hydrolysis in seawater[J].Marine Chemistry,2003,84:35-47
[17]Harrison P J,Thompson P A,Calderwood G S.Effects of nutrient and light limitation on the biochemical composition of phytoplankton[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,1990,2:45-56
[18]Boyd P W,Strzepek R,Fu F,et al.Environmental control of open-ocean phytoplankton groups:Now and in the future[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2010,55:1353
[19]Wang W X,Dei R C.Metal uptake in a coastal diatom influenced by major nutrients(N,P,and Si)[J].Water Research,2001,35:315-321
[20]Luoma S N,Van Geen A,Lee B G,et al.Metal uptake by phytoplankton during a bloom in South San Francisco Bay:Implications for metal cycling in estuaries[J].Limnology and Oceanography,1998,43:1007-1016
[21]Cullen J T,Lane T W,Morel F M,et al.Modulation of cadmium uptake in phytoplankton by seawater CO2concentration[J].Nature,1999,402:165-167
[22]Liao W H,Yang S C,Ho T Y.Trace metal composition of size-fractionated particles in the Western Philippine Sea:The importance of adsorption[C].Sapporo,Japan:AOGS Annual Meeting,2014
[23]Miao A J,Wang W X.Relationships between cell-specific growth rate,and uptake rate of cadmium and zinc by a coastal diatom[J].Marine Ecology Progress Series,2004,275:103-113
[24]梁君荣,陈丹丹,高亚辉,等.海洋硅藻硅质细胞壁结构的形成机理研究概述[J].海洋学报,2010,5:1-8Liang J R,Chen D D,Gao Y H,et al.A review on the process and mechanism of marine diatom silica structure formation[J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2010,5:1-8(in Chinese)
[25]Sumper M,Kroger N.Silica formation in diatoms:The function of long-chain polyamines and silaffins[J].Journal of Materials Chemistry,2004,14:2059-2065
[26]Hamm C E,Merkel R,Springer O,et al.Architecture and material properties of diatom shells provide effective mechanical protection[J].Nature,2003,421(6925):841-843
[27]Monteiro C M,Castro P M,Malcata F X.Metal uptake by microalgae:Underlying mechanisms and practical applications[J].Biotechnology Progress,2012,28:299-311
[28]Falasco E,Bona F,Badino G,et al.Diatom teratological forms and environmental alterations:A review[J].Hydrobiologia,2009,623:1-35
[29]Wood A M,Lande R,Fryxell G A.Quantitative genetic analysis of morphological variation in an antarctic diatom grown at two light intensities[J].Journal of Phycology,1987,23(2):42-54
[30]Montagnes D J,Franklin M.Effect of temperature on diatom volume,growth rate,and carbon and nitrogen content:Reconsidering some paradigms[J].Limnology and Oceanography,2001,46(8):2008-2018
[31]Barber H G,Carter J R.Observations on some deformities found in British diatoms[J].Microscopy,1981,34(2):14-226
[32]Harrison P J,Conway H L,Holmes R W,et al.Marine diatoms grown in chemostats under silicate or ammonium limitation.III.Cellular chemical composition and morphology of Chaetoceros debilis,Skeletonema costatum,and Thalassiosira gravida[J].Marine Biology,1977,43(1):19-31
[33]Torres E,Cid A,Herrero C,et al.Effect of cadmium on growth,ATP content,carbon fixation and ultrastructure in the marine diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum Bohlin[J].Water,Air,and Soil Pollution,2000,117(1-4):1-14
[34]Paulsson M,Nystrom B,Blanck H.Long-term toxicity of zinc to bacteria and algae in periphyton communities from the River G9talv,based on a microcosm study[J].A-quatic Toxicology,2000,47:243-257
[35]Pistocchi R,Mormile M A,Guerrini F,et al.Increased production of extra-and intracellular metal-ligands in phytoplankton exposed to copper and cadmium[J].Journal of Applied Phycology,2000,12:469-477
[36]Marchetti A,Cassar N.Diatom elemental and morphological changes in response to iron limitation:A brief review with potential paleoceanographic applications[J].Geobiology,2009,7:419-431
[37]Wang M J,Wang W X.Cadmium toxicity in a marine diatom as predicted by the cellular metal sensitive fraction[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2008,42:940-946
[38]Dyhrman S T,Jenkins B D,Rynearson T A,et al.The transcriptome and proteome of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana reveal a diverse phosphorus stress response[J].PLo S One,2012,7:e33768
[39]Gélabert A,Pokrovsky O S,Viers J,et al.Interaction between zinc and freshwater and marine diatom species:Surface complexation and Zn isotope fractionation[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2006,70:839-857
[40]Gélabert A,Pokrovsky O S,Schott J,et al.Cadmium and lead interaction with diatom surfaces:A combined thermodynamic and kinetic approach[J].Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta,2007,71:3698-3716
[41]Tesson B,Genet M J,Fernandez V,et al.Surface chemical composition of diatoms[J].Chembiochem,2010,10:2011-2024
[42]Buszewski B,Jezierska M,Weniak M,et al.Survey and trends in the preparation of chemically bonded silica phases for liquid chromatographic analysis[J].Journal of High Resolution Chromatography,1998,21:267-281
[43]Gélabert A,Pokrovsky O S,Reguant C,et al.A surface complexation model for cadmium and lead adsorption onto diatom surface[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,88:110-113
[44]Farooq U,Kozinski J A,Khan M A,et al.Biosorption of heavy metal ions using wheat based biosorbents-A review of the recent literature[J].Bioresource Technology,2010,101:5043-5053
[45]Henke L,Nagy N,Krull U J.An AFM determination of the effects on surface roughness caused by cleaning of fused silica and glass substrates in the process of optical biosensor preparation[J].Biosensors and Bioelectronics,2002,17:547-555
[46]Vrieling E G,Sun Q,Tian M,et al.Salinity-dependent diatom biosilicification implies an important role of external ionic strength[J].Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America,2007,104:10441-10446
[47]Ma J,Zhou B,Duan D,et al.Silicon limitation reduced the adsorption of cadmium in marine diatoms[J].Aquatic Toxicology,2018,202:136-144
[48]斯冬芳,杨利民,严华,等.三角褐指藻对镉的富集机制和转化途径[J].中国科学:化学,2010,40(2):136-143Si D F,Yang L M,Yan H,et al.Study on tolerance and detoxification mechanism of Phaeodactylum tricornutum to cadmium[J].Science China Chemistry,2010,40(2):136-143(in Chinese)
[49]Sbihi K,Cherifi O,Bertrand M,et al.Biosorption of metals(Cd,Cu and Zn)by the freshwater diatom Planothidium lanceolatum:A laboratory study[J].Diatom Research,2014,29:55-63
[50]Tsai C C,Hung H H,Liu C P,et al.Changes in plasma membrane surface potential of PC12 cells as measured by Kelvin probe force microscopy[J].PLo S One,2012,7:e33849(1-7)
[51]Yang C,Yu Y,Sun W,et al.Indole derivatives inhibited the formation of bacterial biofilm and modulated Cd2+efflux in diatom[J].Marine Pollution Bulletin,2014,88:62-69
[52]Ma J,Cai H,He C,et al.A hemicellulose-bound form of silicon inhibits cadmium ion uptake in rice(Oryza sativa)cells[J].New Phytologist,2015,206:1063-1074
[53]Vincent P,Chua M,Nogue F,et al.A sec14p-nodulin domain phosphatidylinositol transfer protein polarizes membrane growth of Arabidopsis thaliana root hairs[J].Journal of Cell Biology,2005,168:801-812
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