基于生态安全的阿瓦提灌区生态需水量研究
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摘要
阿瓦提灌区地处塔里木盆地西北边缘,气候极端干旱,降水稀少,蒸发强烈。近年来,由于大批开荒、水资源不合理利用、土壤盐渍化等导致灌区生态环境越发脆弱,阻碍其经济的可持续发展。在灌区实地考察、分析整理多年新疆统计资料的基础上,考虑灌区生态用水安全,针对不同植被生态需水特点,分别采用彭曼公式法、定额法和比值法等相适宜的生态需水研究方法,计算其生态需水量。结果表明:阿瓦提灌区生态需水总量为13. 37×10~8m~3,其中,河道外生态需水量为6. 8×10~8m~3,河道内生态需水量为6. 57×10~8m~3。通过生态需水量研究,提出适宜的用水建议,为阿瓦提灌区生态系统的健康与稳定提供一定的理论依据。
The Awati Irrigation District is located on the northwestern edge of the Tarim Basin. The climate is extremely arid with low precipitation and strong evaporation. In recent years,due to a large number of land reclamation,irrational use of water resources,and soil salinization,the ecological environment in irrigated areas become increasingly fragile and hindered its sustainable economic development.Based on the field investigation and analysis of Xinjiang’s statistical data of many years,this paper considers the ecological water safety of irrigation districts,and adopts the appropriate ecological water requirements such as Penman formula,quota method and ratio method for different vegetation ecological water demand characteristics to calculate its ecological water demand. The results showed that the total ecological water demand in the Awati Irrigation Area is 13. 37 × 10~8 m~3,of which the ecological water requirement outside the river is 6. 8 × 10~8 m~3,and the ecological water requirement in the river is 6. 57 × 10~8 m~3. Through the ecological water demand studies,the water use recommendations are proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the health and stability of the Awati irrigation area ecosystem.
The Awati Irrigation District is located on the northwestern edge of the Tarim Basin. The climate is extremely arid with low precipitation and strong evaporation. In recent years,due to a large number of land reclamation,irrational use of water resources,and soil salinization,the ecological environment in irrigated areas become increasingly fragile and hindered its sustainable economic development.Based on the field investigation and analysis of Xinjiang’s statistical data of many years,this paper considers the ecological water safety of irrigation districts,and adopts the appropriate ecological water requirements such as Penman formula,quota method and ratio method for different vegetation ecological water demand characteristics to calculate its ecological water demand. The results showed that the total ecological water demand in the Awati Irrigation Area is 13. 37 × 10~8 m~3,of which the ecological water requirement outside the river is 6. 8 × 10~8 m~3,and the ecological water requirement in the river is 6. 57 × 10~8 m~3. Through the ecological water demand studies,the water use recommendations are proposed to provide a theoretical basis for the health and stability of the Awati irrigation area ecosystem.
引文
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[4]崔真真,谭红武,杜强.流域生态需水研究综述[J].首都师范大学学报(自然科学版),2010,31(2):70-74+87.
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[6]张鑫.区域生态环境需水量与水资源合理配置[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2004.
[7]SMAKHTIN V U.Low flow hydrology:a review[J].Journal of Hydrology,2001,240(3-4):147-186.
[8]HUGHES D A,LOUW D.Integrating hydrology,hydraulics and ecological response into a flexible approach to the determination of environmental water requirements for rivers[J].Environmental Modelling&Software,2010,25(8):910-918.
[9]EVERAERT G,PAUWELS I S,BOETS P,et al.Modelbased evaluation of ecological bank design and management in the scope of the European Water Framework Directive[J].Ecological Engineering,2013,53:144-152.
[10]CHAKRABORTY S,MISHRA S K,PANDEY R P,et al.Long-term changes of irrigation water requirement in the context of climatic variability[J].ISH Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2013,19(3):257-266.
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[12]新疆农业大学.新疆平原区大气降水、灌溉水、土壤水与地下水水量转化关系实验研究[M].石河子:新疆科技卫生出版社,2002.
[13]徐小波,周和平,王忠,等.干旱灌区有效降雨量利用率研究[J].节水灌溉,2010(12):44-46+50.
[14]周金龙.新疆地下水研究[M].郑州:黄河水利出版社,2010.
[15]周金龙,董新光,陈文娟,等.应用彭曼-蒙特斯公式计算天山北坡平原区水面蒸发量[J].新疆农业大学学报,2002,25(4):35-38.
[16]廖轶群.基于GIS的新疆地区植被生态需水量研究[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[17]水利部国际合作司,水利部农村合作司,中国灌溉技术开发公司,水利部农田灌溉研究所编译.美国国家灌溉工程手册[M].北京,中国水利水电出版社,1998.
[18]雒天峰,李元红,王治军,等.民勤红崖山灌区渠系水面蒸发量计算方法研究[J].人民黄河,2013,35(8):81-83+98.