GA-NN模型在保定市水环境承载力评价中的应用
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摘要
水环境承载力评价对于区域的水环境与人类社会经济的健康可持续发展具有重要的意义。为研究保定市水环境承载力状况,应用相关性分析和主成分分析相结合的方法筛选出10个评价指标,建立了遗传算法(GA)优化BP神经网络(BP-NN)的GA-NN评价模型,并与BP-NN评价模型对比,最后应用评价模型进行评价。结果显示:2001-2016年保定市水环境承载力呈现提高趋势,虽然水环境承载力水平有所提高,但仍处于较弱承载水平。与未经优化的BP-NN相比,GA-NN评价模型的拟合精度更高,拟合误差更加稳定,泛化能力更强,可作为一种简洁有效的水环境承载力评价方法。
The assessment of water environmental carrying capacity(WECC)is of great significance to the healthy and sustainable development of regional water environment and human society and economy.In order to study the WECC of Baoding City,10 evaluation indexes were selected based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis.A GA-NN evaluation model of back-propagation neural network(BP-NN)optimized by genetic algorithm(GA)was established and compared with BP-NN evaluation model.Finally,the evaluation model was applied for assessment of WECC.The results revealed that the WECC of Baoding City showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2016.Although the carrying capacity of water environment increased,but it was still at a weak level.Compared with the unoptimized BPNN,the GA-NN evaluation model showed higher fitting accuracy,more stable fitting error and stronger generalization ability,and it can be used as a simple and effective method for evaluating the WECC.
The assessment of water environmental carrying capacity(WECC)is of great significance to the healthy and sustainable development of regional water environment and human society and economy.In order to study the WECC of Baoding City,10 evaluation indexes were selected based on correlation analysis and principal component analysis.A GA-NN evaluation model of back-propagation neural network(BP-NN)optimized by genetic algorithm(GA)was established and compared with BP-NN evaluation model.Finally,the evaluation model was applied for assessment of WECC.The results revealed that the WECC of Baoding City showed an increasing trend from 2001 to 2016.Although the carrying capacity of water environment increased,but it was still at a weak level.Compared with the unoptimized BPNN,the GA-NN evaluation model showed higher fitting accuracy,more stable fitting error and stronger generalization ability,and it can be used as a simple and effective method for evaluating the WECC.
引文
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[18] LIU X S,DENG Z,WANG T L.Real estate appraisal system based on GIS and BP neural network[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(S3):626-630.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(12)61652-5.
[19] WANG S X,ZHANG N,WU L,et al.Wind speed forecasting based on the hybrid ensemble empirical mode decomposition and GA-BP neural network method[J].Renewable Energy,2016,94:629-636.DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.103.
[20] PIZZILEO B,LI K,IRWIN G W,et al.Improved structure optimization for Fuzzy-neural networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,2012,20(6):1076-1089.DOI:10.1109/TFUZZ.2012.2193587.
[21]刘文具．河北省保定市城市缺水成因与解决方法探讨[J]．地下水，2012,34(1):119-120.(LIU W J.Discussion on causes and solutions of water shortage in Baoding City,Hebei Province[J].Ground Water,2012,34(1):119-120(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2012.01.045.
[2]龙腾锐，姜文超．水资源（环境）承载力的研究进展[J]．水科学进展，2003(2):249-253.(LONG T R,JIANG W C.Advances in water resources and water environmental carrying capacity[J].Advances in Water Science,2003(2):249-253.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:1001-6791.2003.02.024.
[3]侯丽敏，岳强，王彤．我国水环境承载力研究进展与展望[J]．环境保护科学，2015,41(4):104-108.(HOU L M,YUE Q,WANG T.Research and prospect of the theoretical framework of water environmental carrying capacity in China[J].Environmental Protection Science,2015,41(4):104-108.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-6216.2015.04.021.
[4]董徐艳，陈豪，何开为，等．云南省水环境承载力动态变化研究[J]．环境科学与技术，2016,39(S1):346-352.(DONG X Y,CHEN H,HE K W,et al.The dynamic changes of water environment carrying capacity of Yunnan Province[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2016,39(S1):346-352.(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2016.S1.069.
[5]高宏超，徐一剑，孔彦鸿，等．基于多目标优化方法的钱塘江流域杭州江段水资源承载力分析[J]．净水技术，2015,34(6):18-24.(GAO H C,XU Y J,KONG Y H,et al.Analysis of carrying capacity of water resource in Hangzhou Section of Qiantang River Basin Based on multi-objective optimization method[J]. Water Purification Technology,2015,34(6):18-24.(in Chinese))DOI:10.15890/j.cnki.jsjs.2015.06.004.
[6]曾程，梁成华，佟晓姝．基于SD模型的沈阳市白塔堡河流域水环境承载力研究[J]．沈阳农业大学学报，2013,44(2):195-201.(ZENG C,LIANG C H,TONG X S.Control research of carrying capacity on water environment of Baita river basin in Shenyang based on SD model[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University,2013,44(2):195-201(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1000-1700.2013.02.012.
[7]李娜，范海梅，许鹏，等．BP神经网络模型在象山港水环境承载力研究中的应用[J]．上海海洋大学学报，2019,28(1):125-133.(LI N,FAN H M,XU P,et al.Application of BP neural network model in water environmental carrying capacity research of Xiangshan Bay[J].Journal of Shanghai Ocean University Water Purification Technology,2019,28(1):125-133(in Chinese))DOI:10.12024/jsou.20170802116.
[8]曾维华，薛英岚，贾紫牧．水环境承载力评价技术方法体系建设与实证研究[J]．环境保护，2017,45(24):17-24.(ZENG W H,XUE Y L,JIA Z M.Technical method system of water environment carrying capacity evaluation and empirical research[J].Environmental Protection,2017,45(24):17-24(in Chinese))DOI:10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2017.24.004.
[9]樊庆锌，于淼，徐东川，等．大庆地区水环境承载力计算分析与评价[J]．哈尔滨工业大学学报，2009,41(2):66-70.(FAN Q X,YU M,XU D C,et al.Computing analysis and evaluation of water environment carrying capacity in Daqing area[J].Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology,2009,41(2):66-70(in Chinese))DOI:10.3321/j.issn:0367-6234.2009.02.015.
[10]王建华，翟正丽，桑学锋，等．水资源承载力指标体系及评判准则研究[J]．水利学报，2017,48(9):1023-1029.(WANG J H,ZHAI Z L,SANG X F,et al.Study on index system and judgment criterion of water resources carrying capacity[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2017,48(9):1023-1029(in Chinese))DOI:10.13243/j.cnki.slxb.20170377.
[11]封志明，杨艳昭，闫慧敏，等．百年来的资源环境承载力研究：从理论到实践[J]．资源科学，2017,39(3):379-395.(FENG Z M,YANG Y Z,YAN H M,et al.A review of resources and environment carrying capacity research since the 20th century:from theory to practice[J].Resources Science,2017,39(3):379-395(in Chinese))DOI:10.18402/resci.2017.03.01.
[12]詹长根，顾婷，严盼．基于灰色关联与主成分分析的环境承载力评价[J]．环境科学与技术，2017,40(11):198-204.(ZHAN C G,GU T,YAN P.Evaluation of environmental carrying capacity based on grey relational analysis and matter-element evaluation model[J].Environmental Science&Technology,2017,40(11):198-204(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1003-6504.2017.11.031.
[13]胡溪，刘年磊，蒋洪强，等．基于环境质量标准的长江经济带水环境承载力评价[J]．环境保护，2018,46(21):36-40.(HU X,LIU N L,JIANG H Q,et al.The water environmental carrying capacity assessment of Yangtze River economic zone based on environmental quality standards[J].Environmental Protection,2018,46(21):36-40(in Chinese))DOI:10.14026/j.cnki.0253-9705.2018.21.009.
[14]迟国泰，曹婷婷，张昆．基于相关-主成分分析的人的全面发展评价指标体系的构建[J]．系统工程理论与实践，2013,32(1):112-119.(CHI G T,CAO T T,ZHANG K.The establishment of human all-around development evaluation indicators system based on correlation-principle component analysis[J].Systems Engineering-Theory&Practice,2013,32(1):112-119(in Chinese))DOI:10.12011/1000-6788(2012)1-111.
[15]王小川，史峰，郁磊，等．MATLAB神经网络43个案例分析[M]．北京：北京航空航天大学出版社，2013.(WANG X C,SHI F,YU L,et al.Analysis of 43cases of MATLAB neural network[M].Beijing:BeiHang University Press,2013(in Chinese)).
[16] AHMADIZAR F,SOLTANIAN K,AKHLAGHIANTAB F,et al.Artificial neural network development by means of a novel combination of grammatical evolution and genetic algorithm[J].Engineering Applications of Artificial Intelligence,2015,39:1-13.DOI:10.1016/j.engappai.2014.11.003.
[17]陈明．MATLAB神经网络原理与实例精解[M]．北京：清华大学出版社，2014.(CHEN M.Principle and example of MATLAB neural network[M].Beijing:Tsinghua University Press,2014(in Chinese)).
[18] LIU X S,DENG Z,WANG T L.Real estate appraisal system based on GIS and BP neural network[J].Transactions of Nonferrous Metals Society of China,2011,21(S3):626-630.DOI:10.1016/S1003-6326(12)61652-5.
[19] WANG S X,ZHANG N,WU L,et al.Wind speed forecasting based on the hybrid ensemble empirical mode decomposition and GA-BP neural network method[J].Renewable Energy,2016,94:629-636.DOI:10.1016/j.renene.2016.03.103.
[20] PIZZILEO B,LI K,IRWIN G W,et al.Improved structure optimization for Fuzzy-neural networks[J].IEEE Transactions on Fuzzy Systems,2012,20(6):1076-1089.DOI:10.1109/TFUZZ.2012.2193587.
[21]刘文具．河北省保定市城市缺水成因与解决方法探讨[J]．地下水，2012,34(1):119-120.(LIU W J.Discussion on causes and solutions of water shortage in Baoding City,Hebei Province[J].Ground Water,2012,34(1):119-120(in Chinese))DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1004-1184.2012.01.045.