我国北方草原区露天煤炭开采对周边草原群落的影响——以锡林浩特市西二矿为例
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摘要
为探讨我国北方草原区露天煤炭开采对周边草原群落的影响,本研究以锡林浩特市蒙东能源控股有限责任公司西二露天矿作为研究区,对其周边草原群落组成及物种多样性、相似性及覆盖度进行调查和分析,得出以下结论:(1)西二矿研究区内共出现11个科、28个属、45种植物,多为一年生或多年生的草本植物。该区域群落建群种为糙隐子草,属于典型的退化草原。(2)群落物种多样性距离梯度的影响研究结果显示,草原群落稳定性差,处于退化状态;群落物种多样性和相似性没有显示出由近及远的规律变化;距离梯度上生物量和盖度也没有显示出由近及远逐渐增加的规律性变化,说明露天煤炭开采对周边草原无明显影响。
In order to explore the effect of open-pit coal mining on the surrounding grassland communities in the northern grassland of China, this study choose the grassland in the south of the West Second Open-Pit Mine of Mengdong Energy Holding Limited Company in Xilin Hot as the study area, the community composition, species diversity, community similarity and coverage of the surrounding grassland were investigated and analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained:(1) There are 45 species found in the study area belonging to 28 genera, 11 families, most of the plants are annual or perennial herbs. Cleistogenes squarrosa is the construction species of the community, means it is a typical degraded grassland.(2) The study of gradient distance showed that: the grassland communities in all spots are in a state of degradation, and the diversity and similarity of the community species do not show a regular change from near to far; biomass and coverage on the gradient distance also do not show regular changes from near to far. The result showed that open-pit coal mining has no obvious influence on the surrounding grassland.
In order to explore the effect of open-pit coal mining on the surrounding grassland communities in the northern grassland of China, this study choose the grassland in the south of the West Second Open-Pit Mine of Mengdong Energy Holding Limited Company in Xilin Hot as the study area, the community composition, species diversity, community similarity and coverage of the surrounding grassland were investigated and analyzed, and the following conclusions were obtained:(1) There are 45 species found in the study area belonging to 28 genera, 11 families, most of the plants are annual or perennial herbs. Cleistogenes squarrosa is the construction species of the community, means it is a typical degraded grassland.(2) The study of gradient distance showed that: the grassland communities in all spots are in a state of degradation, and the diversity and similarity of the community species do not show a regular change from near to far; biomass and coverage on the gradient distance also do not show regular changes from near to far. The result showed that open-pit coal mining has no obvious influence on the surrounding grassland.
引文
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[22] 王艳芬,汪诗平.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原牧草地上现存量和净初级生产力及品质的影响[J].草业学报,1999,8(1):15-20.
[23] 杨浩,白永飞,李永宏,韩兴国.内蒙古典型草原物种组成和群落结构对长期放牧的响应[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(3):499-507.
[24] 刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,王天乐,张爽.放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3394-3402.
[25] 汪诗平,李永宏,王艳芬,陈佐忠.不同放牧率对内蒙古冷蒿草原植物多样性的影响[J].植物学报,2001,43(1):89-96.
[26] 张伟华,关世英,李跃进.不同牧压强度对草原土壤水分、养分及其地上生物量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2000,14(4):62-65.
[27] 丁海君,韩国栋,王忠武,王春霞,张睿洋,胡吉亚.短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率对植物群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(2):55-60.
[2] 周莹,贺晓,徐军,刘健.半干旱区采煤沉陷对地表植被组成及多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2009,29(8):4517-4525.
[3] 李青丰,曹江营,张树礼,薛玲,李利平,秦梅枝.准格尔煤田露天矿植被恢复的研究-排土场植被自然恢复的观察研究[J].中国草地,1997(2):23-25,66.
[4] 春风,赵萌莉,张继权,包玉海.内蒙古巴音华煤矿区自然定居植物群落物种多样性变化分析[J].生态环境学报,2016,25(7):1211-1216.
[5] 陈鑫健.内蒙古草原矿区土壤养分和重金属污染研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2016.
[6] 张广磊,鞠金峰,许家林.沟谷地形下煤炭开采对地表径流的影响[J].煤炭学报,2016,41(5):1219-1226.
[7] 李全生.东部草原区煤电基地开发生态修复技术研究[J].生态学报,2016,36(22):7049-7053.
[8] 赵振雷.煤矿开采环境影响分析及污染防治措施-以黑岱沟露天煤矿为例[J].中国资源综合利用,2017,35(6):76-78+90.
[9] Bian Z F,Lei S G,Inyang H I,et al.Integrated method of RS and GPR for monitoring the changes in the soil moisture and groundwater environment due to underground coal mining[J].Environmental Geology,2009,57(1):131-142.
[10] 卞正富,雷少刚,常鲁群,张日晨.基于遥感影像的荒漠化矿区土壤含水率的影响因素分析[J].煤炭学报,2009,34(4):520-525.
[11] 雷少刚.荒漠矿区关键环境要素的监测与采动影响规律研究[J].煤炭学报,2010,35(9):1587-1588.
[12] 全占军,李远,李俊生,韩煜,肖能文,付梦娣.采煤矿区的生态脆弱性-以内蒙古锡林郭勒草原胜利煤田为例[J].应用生态学报,2013,24(6):1729-1738.
[13] 尚洁.内蒙古大兴安岭林区矿产资源开发对植被的影响[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2015.
[14] 贾飚,陈刚,杨耀.草原区露天煤矿排土场水土保持防治技术探索-以锡林郭勒盟乌兰图嘎锗煤露天矿为例[J].内蒙古水利,2010(2):25-26.
[15] 珊丹,何京丽,刘艳萍,梁占岐,荣浩.草原矿区排土场恢复重建人工植被变化[J].生态科学,2017,36(2):57-62.
[16] 马克平.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅰα多样性的测度方法(上)[J].生物多样性,1994,2(3):162-168.
[17] 马克平,刘灿然,刘玉明.生物群落多样性的测度方法Ⅱβ多样性的测度方法[J].生物多样性,1995,3(1):38-43.
[18] 赵上.冀北山区次生林群落物种多样性及生态位研究[D].保定:河北农业大学,2011.
[19] 王丽.神木矿区采煤对土壤和植被的影响[D].杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2012.
[20] 于顺利,陈灵芝,张承军.不同地点蒙古栎群落相似性的研究[J].植物学通报,2000,17(6):554-558.
[21] 刘艳红,赵惠勋.干扰与物种多样性维持理论研究进展[J].北京林业大学学报,2000,22(4):101-105.
[22] 王艳芬,汪诗平.不同放牧率对内蒙古典型草原牧草地上现存量和净初级生产力及品质的影响[J].草业学报,1999,8(1):15-20.
[23] 杨浩,白永飞,李永宏,韩兴国.内蒙古典型草原物种组成和群落结构对长期放牧的响应[J].植物生态学报,2009,33(3):499-507.
[24] 刘文亭,卫智军,吕世杰,王天乐,张爽.放牧对短花针茅荒漠草原植物多样性的影响[J].生态学报,2017,37(10):3394-3402.
[25] 汪诗平,李永宏,王艳芬,陈佐忠.不同放牧率对内蒙古冷蒿草原植物多样性的影响[J].植物学报,2001,43(1):89-96.
[26] 张伟华,关世英,李跃进.不同牧压强度对草原土壤水分、养分及其地上生物量的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境,2000,14(4):62-65.
[27] 丁海君,韩国栋,王忠武,王春霞,张睿洋,胡吉亚.短花针茅荒漠草原不同载畜率对植物群落特征的影响[J].中国草地学报,2014,36(2):55-60.
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