借鉴韩国治霾新政加强我国对柴油车的管理
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摘要
2018年11月8日,韩国政府发布了高强度治霾新政,进一步严格"雾霾天气应急措施"(于2017年12月首次实施),积极应对高浓度雾霾;为减少长期颗粒物排放,制定了《雾霾管理强化措施》,重点针对柴油车提出多项限制措施。韩国政府于2009年提出"清洁柴油"政策,鼓励使用污染物排放相对较低的轻型柴油汽车。此后,韩国柴油车在整体汽车中的比重从2010年的18. 5%上涨到2017年的42. 5%。韩国环境部的数据显示,柴油车排放的可吸入颗粒物占汽车可吸入颗粒物排出量的92%以上,且易通过化学反应形成更为致命的二次污染。我国柴油车以商用货运汽车为主,保有量占汽车总量的比重小,但近年来增长量较大。柴油车排放了占机动车排放总量63. 4%的氮氧化物和95. 9%的颗粒物。随着国家管控措施的逐步实施,柴油车排放造成的大气污染得到一定控制,但京津冀、长三角、珠三角等重点区域排放强度依然较高。根据国内外相关政策及实践,建议:一是加快出台管控政策,严格限制低排放标准柴油车运行;二是出台相关经济激励措施,鼓励提前报废老旧柴油车;三是调整交通运输结构,发展低排放和新能源货车,适时提出柴油车退出计划。
On 8 th November 2018,the government of South Korea launched new policies on smog control to tighten the Emergency Measures to Tackle Fine Dust( first implemented in December 2017) as a proactive step to address severe smog. To reduce the emission of particulate matters,the South Korean government launched Strengthened Measures for the Management of Smog, including restrictions on diesel-fueled vehicles. In 2009, the government proposed "clean diesel " policy to encourage the use of light-duty diesel vehicles. The policy helped South Korea to increase the share of diesel vehicles from18. 5% in 2010 to 42. 5% in 2017. According to the Ministry of Environment of South Korea,diesel vehicles account for more than 92% inhalable particle emission from automobiles. These inhalable particles are also likely to cause serious secondary pollution through chemical reaction. In China,diesel cars are mostly commercial freight trucks,which take only a small share of the total. However,in recent years,the number of diesel cars has been growing rapidly. Diesel cars are responsible for63. 4% of NOxand 95. 9% of particulate matter emission from motor vehicles. With the launch of stricter measures, air pollution caused by emission from diesel cars has been effectively controlled. However,the emission intensity remains high in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. Based on domestic and international policies and practices,it is suggested that we should:( 1) accelerate the development of management and control policies to ban diesel vehicles with low emission standards;( 2) launch related economic incentive measures to encourage the early retirement of old diesel vehicles;( 3) adjust the structure of transportation to develop low-emission and new-energy freight trucks and work out plans for the withdrawal of diesel cars as it sees fit.
On 8 th November 2018,the government of South Korea launched new policies on smog control to tighten the Emergency Measures to Tackle Fine Dust( first implemented in December 2017) as a proactive step to address severe smog. To reduce the emission of particulate matters,the South Korean government launched Strengthened Measures for the Management of Smog, including restrictions on diesel-fueled vehicles. In 2009, the government proposed "clean diesel " policy to encourage the use of light-duty diesel vehicles. The policy helped South Korea to increase the share of diesel vehicles from18. 5% in 2010 to 42. 5% in 2017. According to the Ministry of Environment of South Korea,diesel vehicles account for more than 92% inhalable particle emission from automobiles. These inhalable particles are also likely to cause serious secondary pollution through chemical reaction. In China,diesel cars are mostly commercial freight trucks,which take only a small share of the total. However,in recent years,the number of diesel cars has been growing rapidly. Diesel cars are responsible for63. 4% of NOxand 95. 9% of particulate matter emission from motor vehicles. With the launch of stricter measures, air pollution caused by emission from diesel cars has been effectively controlled. However,the emission intensity remains high in key areas such as Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Region,the Yangtze River Delta and the Pearl River Delta. Based on domestic and international policies and practices,it is suggested that we should:( 1) accelerate the development of management and control policies to ban diesel vehicles with low emission standards;( 2) launch related economic incentive measures to encourage the early retirement of old diesel vehicles;( 3) adjust the structure of transportation to develop low-emission and new-energy freight trucks and work out plans for the withdrawal of diesel cars as it sees fit.
引文
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[4]中国天然气汽车保有量连续4年全球第一[J]．天然气技术与经济，2018,12(05):76.
[2]黄志辉.优化交通运输结构降低柴油车排放[N]．中国环境报，2018-05-17(003).
[3]智研咨询集团．2018-2024年中国商车用柴油机行业市场供需预测及投资战略研究报告[R]. 2018.
[4]中国天然气汽车保有量连续4年全球第一[J]．天然气技术与经济，2018,12(05):76.