基于在线近红外光谱的堆肥全过程关键参数快速检测
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摘要
为探究在线近红外光谱仪对堆肥全过程含水率、pH值、电导率、有机质质量分数、总碳质量分数、总氮质量分数和碳氮比等关键参数进行实时分析的可行性,以采集的60个堆肥全过程样品为研究对象,利用在线近红外光谱仪、结合偏最小二乘法,建立了有机肥堆肥过程中含水率、pH值、电导率、有机质质量分数、总碳质量分数、总氮质量分数和碳氮比的近红外定量分析模型。研究结果显示:在线近红外光谱仪可实现堆肥全过程上述关键参数的速测(RSD<10%),其中,含水率和总氮质量分数的R_(2C)和R_(PD)分别为0. 94和3. 62、0. 92和3. 14,模型效果优秀; pH值、总碳质量分数和碳氮比的R_(2C)和R_(PD)分别为0. 90和1. 89、0. 83和2. 12、0. 82和2. 15,模型效果良好;电导率和有机质质量分数的R_(2C)和R_(PD)分别为0. 79和1. 85、0. 80和1. 93,模型效果一般,模型精度有待提高。各参数近红外预测值与实际测量值之间的偏差很小,并且近红外预测值与实际测量值随堆肥时间的变化趋势具有较好的一致性。
Livestock and poultry manure may result in significant environmental challenges. Meanwhile,it is an advantageous raw material for the production of organic fertilizer due to the rich nutrients such as organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium. Aerobic composting is an effective way to solve the livestock manure pollution problem and realize utilization of this valuable resource. However,composting is an extremely complex process of physical and chemical changes. Online detection tools of the key parameters are important for both composting process control and organic fertilizer quality assurance.Aiming to investigate the feasibility of online near infrared( NIR) spectrometer to conduct real-time analysis of moisture content( MC),pH value,electrical conductivity( EC),organic matter( OM),total carbon( TC),total nitrogen( TN) and carbon to nitrogen( C/N ratio) ratio in the whole composting process and evaluate its ability to accurately predict these changes. Totally 60 samples in the whole composting process were collected. The NIR quantitative analysis models of MC,pH value,EC,OM,TC,TN and C/N ratio were established by using the online NIR spectrometer combined with partial least square method. The research results showed that the online NIR spectrometer can realize the rapid detection of key parameters in the whole composting process( RSD< 10%),with excellent predictions for MC and TN with R_(2C)and R_(PD)value of 0. 94 and 3. 62,0. 92 and 3. 14,respectively,good predictions for p H value,TC and C/N ratio with R_(2C)and R_(PD)value of 0. 90 and 1. 89,0. 83 and 2. 12,0. 82 and 2. 15,respectively,approximate predictions for EC and OM with R_(2C)and R_(PD)value of 0. 79 and 1. 85,0. 80 and1. 93,respectively; the deviation between the NIR-predicted and measured values of each parameter was small,the NIR predictions were in good agreement with measured values as the composting process progressed. The above research results laid the foundation for realizing the process analysis of organic fertilizer production based on the online NIR spectroscopy.
Livestock and poultry manure may result in significant environmental challenges. Meanwhile,it is an advantageous raw material for the production of organic fertilizer due to the rich nutrients such as organic matter,nitrogen,phosphorus and potassium. Aerobic composting is an effective way to solve the livestock manure pollution problem and realize utilization of this valuable resource. However,composting is an extremely complex process of physical and chemical changes. Online detection tools of the key parameters are important for both composting process control and organic fertilizer quality assurance.Aiming to investigate the feasibility of online near infrared( NIR) spectrometer to conduct real-time analysis of moisture content( MC),pH value,electrical conductivity( EC),organic matter( OM),total carbon( TC),total nitrogen( TN) and carbon to nitrogen( C/N ratio) ratio in the whole composting process and evaluate its ability to accurately predict these changes. Totally 60 samples in the whole composting process were collected. The NIR quantitative analysis models of MC,pH value,EC,OM,TC,TN and C/N ratio were established by using the online NIR spectrometer combined with partial least square method. The research results showed that the online NIR spectrometer can realize the rapid detection of key parameters in the whole composting process( RSD< 10%),with excellent predictions for MC and TN with R_(2C)and R_(PD)value of 0. 94 and 3. 62,0. 92 and 3. 14,respectively,good predictions for p H value,TC and C/N ratio with R_(2C)and R_(PD)value of 0. 90 and 1. 89,0. 83 and 2. 12,0. 82 and 2. 15,respectively,approximate predictions for EC and OM with R_(2C)and R_(PD)value of 0. 79 and 1. 85,0. 80 and1. 93,respectively; the deviation between the NIR-predicted and measured values of each parameter was small,the NIR predictions were in good agreement with measured values as the composting process progressed. The above research results laid the foundation for realizing the process analysis of organic fertilizer production based on the online NIR spectroscopy.
引文
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[17]孙旭东,刘燕德,李轶凡,等.鸭梨黑心病和可溶性固形物含量同时在线检测研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):227-233.SUN Xudong,LIU Yande,LI Yifan,et al.Simultaneous and online detection of blackheart and soluble solids content for‘Yali’pear by visible-near infrared transmittance spectroscopy[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):227-233.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160130&journalid=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.01.030.(in Chinese)
[18]沈广辉,刘贤,张月敬,等.基于在线近红外光谱快速检测玉米籽粒主要品质参数的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(1):105-109.
[19]薛俊杰,韩鲁佳,杨增玲,等.玉米秸秆饲料营养成分NIRS在线检测[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):216-223.XUE Junjie HAN Lujia YANG Zengling,et al.On-line measurement of nutrient content of corn stover using NIRS[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):216-223.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160730&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.07.030.(in Chinese)
[20]XUE J,YANG Z,HAN L,et al.On-line measurement of proximates and lignocellulose components of corn stover using NIRS[J].Appl.Energy.,2015,137:18-25.
[21]Unitied Sates Composting Council(USCC),the US Department of Agriculture.Test methods for the examination of composting and compost[M].New York:US Composting Council,2002.
[22]褚小立.化学计量学方法与分子光谱分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
[23]MODROO S,SOLDADO A,MARTNEZ-FERNNDEZ A,et al.Handheld NIRS sensors for routine compound feed quality control:real time analysis and field monitoring[J].Talanta,2017,162:597-603.
[24]SISOUANE M,CASCANT M M,TAHIRI S,et al.Prediction of organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in organic wastes and their composts by infrared spectroscopy and partial least square regression[J].Talanta,2017,167:352-358.
[25]PREECE S L M,AUVERMANN B W,MACDONALD J C,et al.Predicting the heating value of solid manure with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Fuel,2013,106(2):712-717.
[26]WILLIAMS P.Near-infrared technology-getting the best out of light[M].Nanaimo:PDK Grain,2007.
[27]HE X,CHEN L,HAN L,et al.Evaluation of biochar powder on oxygen supply efficiency and global warming potential during mainstream large-scale aerobic composting in China[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2017,245,Part A:309-317.
[28]马双双,孙晓曦,韩鲁佳,等.功能膜覆盖好氧堆肥过程氨气减排性能研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):344-349.MA Shuangshuang,SUN Xiaoxi,HAN Lujia,et al.Reduction of ammonia emission during membrane-covered aerobic composting[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):344-349.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20171142&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.042.(in Chinese)
[2]MAIA G D,GATES R S,TARABA J L,et al.Moisture effects on greenhouse gases generation in nitrifying gas-phase compost biofilters[J].Water Res.,2012,46(9):3023-3031.
[3]MAKAN A,ASSOBHEI O,MOUNTADAR M.Effect of initial moisture content on the in-vessel composting under air pressure of organic fraction of municipal solid waste in Morocco[J].Iranian Journal of Environmental Health Science&Engineering,2013,10(1):3.
[4]LOPEZ-GONZALEZ J A,LOPEZ M J,VARGAS-GARCIA M C,et al.Tracking organic matter and microbiota dynamics during the stages of lignocellulosic waste composting[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2013,146:574-584.
[5]ZHANG Y,LASERMES G,HOUOT S,et al.Modelling of organic matter dynamics during the composting process[J].Waste Manage.,2012,32(1):19-30.
[6]SCHUCHARDT F.Effect of C/N ratio,aeration rate and moisture content on ammonia and greenhouse gas emission during the composting[J].J.Environ.Sci.,2011,23(10):1754-1760.
[7]RUI G,LI G,TAO J,et al.Effect of aeration rate,C/N ratio and moisture content on the stability and maturity of compost[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2012,112:171-178.
[8]KHAN E,KHAODHIR S,RUANGROTE D.Effects of moisture content and initial p H in composting process on heavy metal removal characteristics of grass clipping compost used for stormwater filtration[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2009,100(19):4454-4461.
[9]SUNDBERG C,DAN Y,FRANKEWHITTLE I,et al.Effects of p H and microbial composition on odour in food waste composting[J].Waste Manage.,2013,33(1):204-211.
[10]卞正岗.流程工业分析技术及分析仪表的发展[J].中国仪器仪表,2008(5):34-39.BIAN Zhenggang.The development of analysis technology and analytical instrument for process industry[J].China Instrumentation,2008(5):34-39.(in Chinese)
[11]陆婉珍.现代近红外光谱分析技术[M].北京:中国石油化工出版社,2007.
[12]ALBRECHT R,JOFFRE R,LE P J,et al.Calibration of chemical and biological changes in co-composting of biowastes using near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Environ.Sci.Technol.,2009,43(3):804-811.
[13]VERGNOUX A,GUILIANO M,DREAU Y L,et al.Monitoring of the evolution of an industrial compost and prediction of some compost properties by NIR spectroscopy[J].Sci.Total Environ.,2009,407(7):2390-2403.
[14]GALVEZ-SOLA L,MORAL R,PEREZMURCIA M D,et al.The potential of near infrared reflectance spectroscopy(NIRS)for the estimation of agrindustrial compost quality[J].Sci.Total Environ.,2010,408(6):1414-1421.
[15]HUANG G,HAN L,YANG Z,et al.Evaluation of the nutrient metal content in Chinese animal manure compost using near infrared spectroscopy(NIRS)[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2008,99(17):8164-8169.
[16]彭彦昆,杨清华,王文秀.基于近红外光谱的猪肉水分在线检测与分级[J/OL].农业机械学报,2018,49(3):347-353.PENG Yankun,YANG Qinghua,WANG Wenxiu.On-line detection and classification of pork moisture based on near-infrared spectra[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2018,49(3):347-353.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20180343&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2018.03.043.(in Chinese)
[17]孙旭东,刘燕德,李轶凡,等.鸭梨黑心病和可溶性固形物含量同时在线检测研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(1):227-233.SUN Xudong,LIU Yande,LI Yifan,et al.Simultaneous and online detection of blackheart and soluble solids content for‘Yali’pear by visible-near infrared transmittance spectroscopy[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(1):227-233.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160130&journalid=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.01.030.(in Chinese)
[18]沈广辉,刘贤,张月敬,等.基于在线近红外光谱快速检测玉米籽粒主要品质参数的研究[J].中国畜牧杂志,2017,53(1):105-109.
[19]薛俊杰,韩鲁佳,杨增玲,等.玉米秸秆饲料营养成分NIRS在线检测[J/OL].农业机械学报,2016,47(7):216-223.XUE Junjie HAN Lujia YANG Zengling,et al.On-line measurement of nutrient content of corn stover using NIRS[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2016,47(7):216-223.http:∥www.j-csam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20160730&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2016.07.030.(in Chinese)
[20]XUE J,YANG Z,HAN L,et al.On-line measurement of proximates and lignocellulose components of corn stover using NIRS[J].Appl.Energy.,2015,137:18-25.
[21]Unitied Sates Composting Council(USCC),the US Department of Agriculture.Test methods for the examination of composting and compost[M].New York:US Composting Council,2002.
[22]褚小立.化学计量学方法与分子光谱分析技术[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2011.
[23]MODROO S,SOLDADO A,MARTNEZ-FERNNDEZ A,et al.Handheld NIRS sensors for routine compound feed quality control:real time analysis and field monitoring[J].Talanta,2017,162:597-603.
[24]SISOUANE M,CASCANT M M,TAHIRI S,et al.Prediction of organic carbon and total nitrogen contents in organic wastes and their composts by infrared spectroscopy and partial least square regression[J].Talanta,2017,167:352-358.
[25]PREECE S L M,AUVERMANN B W,MACDONALD J C,et al.Predicting the heating value of solid manure with visible and near-infrared spectroscopy[J].Fuel,2013,106(2):712-717.
[26]WILLIAMS P.Near-infrared technology-getting the best out of light[M].Nanaimo:PDK Grain,2007.
[27]HE X,CHEN L,HAN L,et al.Evaluation of biochar powder on oxygen supply efficiency and global warming potential during mainstream large-scale aerobic composting in China[J].Bioresour.Technol.,2017,245,Part A:309-317.
[28]马双双,孙晓曦,韩鲁佳,等.功能膜覆盖好氧堆肥过程氨气减排性能研究[J/OL].农业机械学报,2017,48(11):344-349.MA Shuangshuang,SUN Xiaoxi,HAN Lujia,et al.Reduction of ammonia emission during membrane-covered aerobic composting[J/OL].Transactions of the Chinese Society for Agricultural Machinery,2017,48(11):344-349.http:∥www.jcsam.org/jcsam/ch/reader/view_abstract.aspx?flag=1&file_no=20171142&journal_id=jcsam.DOI:10.6041/j.issn.1000-1298.2017.11.042.(in Chinese)