小洪河流域生态水污染状况时空趋势分析
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摘要
为了探求流域生态流量与水质之间的关系,并分析流域生态水污染状况的时空趋势,采用Lyon法量化河流生态流量,通过分析3种主要污染物与生态流量关联的优序度,筛选出与河流生态流量关系最为密切的典型污染物,进而利用九点二次平滑趋势法评估典型污染物时空变化趋势,并分析其与生态流量之间的影响效应。以小洪河流域为实例研究,结果表明,由于流域各县工农养殖业的大力发展,小洪河流域典型污染物为氨氮,此污染物对流域生态流量的影响最大,是流域水生态环境恶化的最主要因素,随着流域生态水污染治理工作不断开展,氨氮的浓度有所下降,流域生态流量得到改善,但水生态状况仍不容乐观。其研究成果可为小洪河流域水环境污染治理和生态文明建设提供参考。
In order to understand the relationship between ecological flow and water quality,and to analyze the spatial and temporal trends of ecological water pollution in the river basin,this paper used the Lyon method to quantify river ecological flow. By analyzing the priority degrees between the three main pollutants and ecological flow,the typical pollutant most closely related to river ecological flow was screened out. Then the nine-point quadratic smoothing trend method was used to evaluate the spatial and temporal trend of typical pollutants and to analyze the effect rate between them and ecological flow. Taking the Xiaohong River Basin as an example,the results show that due to the vigorous development of the industrial and aquaculture industry in the counties,the typical pollutant in the Xiaohong River Basin is ammonia nitrogen. This pollutant has the greatest impact on the ecological flow of the river basin,and is the most important factor in the deterioration of the water ecological environment in the river basin. With the continuous development of river basin ecological water pollution control,the concentration of ammonia nitrogen has decreased,and the ecological flow of the river basin has been improved,but the water ecological status is still not optimistic. The research results can provide reference for water environment pollution control and ecological civilization construction in Xiaohong River Basin.
In order to understand the relationship between ecological flow and water quality,and to analyze the spatial and temporal trends of ecological water pollution in the river basin,this paper used the Lyon method to quantify river ecological flow. By analyzing the priority degrees between the three main pollutants and ecological flow,the typical pollutant most closely related to river ecological flow was screened out. Then the nine-point quadratic smoothing trend method was used to evaluate the spatial and temporal trend of typical pollutants and to analyze the effect rate between them and ecological flow. Taking the Xiaohong River Basin as an example,the results show that due to the vigorous development of the industrial and aquaculture industry in the counties,the typical pollutant in the Xiaohong River Basin is ammonia nitrogen. This pollutant has the greatest impact on the ecological flow of the river basin,and is the most important factor in the deterioration of the water ecological environment in the river basin. With the continuous development of river basin ecological water pollution control,the concentration of ammonia nitrogen has decreased,and the ecological flow of the river basin has been improved,but the water ecological status is still not optimistic. The research results can provide reference for water environment pollution control and ecological civilization construction in Xiaohong River Basin.
引文
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[2]董淑华,吴京晏,张玉国,等.基于逐月径流频率法的挠力河流域生态流量计算[J].黑龙江水利,2017,3(4):15-19.
[3]桑连海,陈西庆,黄薇.河流环境流量法研究进展[J].水科学进展,2006,17(5):754-760.
[4] Poff L R,Matthews J H. Environmental flows in the Anthropocence:past progress and future prospects[J]. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability,2013,5(6):667-675.
[5]张荣艳,王爱苹,唐风军.我国水污染与居民健康的灰色关联度分析———基于我国肿瘤登记地区的数据[J].河南科学,2016,34(10):1 728-1 734.
[6]尚佰晓,吕子楠,李杰年,等.基于模糊综合评价法与单因子指数评价法的水质评价[J].中国环境管理干部学院学报,2013,23(5):1-4.
[7]高伟,陈岩,徐敏,等.抚仙湖水质变化(1980-2011年)趋势与驱动力分析[J].湖泊科学,2013,25(5):635-642.
[8]马妍博,袁鹏,李保琦.前河流域上游径流的时间变化特征及变化趋势分析[J].水电能源科学,2013,31(09):16-19.
[9]李丹,郭亚萍,焦裕飞,等.泗河流域径流特征及演变规律研究[J].中国农村水利水电,2016(10):91-94.
[10] Opdyke D R,Oborny E L,Vaugh S K,et al. Texas environmental flow standards and the hydrology-based environmental flow regime methodology[J]. Hydrological Sciences Journal,2014,59(3-4):820-830.
[11]魏凤英.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社,1999.
[12]于松延,徐宗学,武玮.基于多种水文学方法估算渭河关中段生态基流[J].北京师范大学学报(自然科学版),2013,49(Z1):175-179.
[13]段然,曾理,吴汯翰,等.清水江流域水质污染现状评价及趋势分析[J].环保科技,2012,18(3):23-27.