北京市城区2018年PM_(2.5)和气态前体物浓度季节与日变化特征
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摘要
结合2018年北京市城区全年PM_(2.5)、气态前体物(SO_2、O_3、NO_2、CO)质量浓度数据和气象因素数据,分析了2018年北京市城区PM_(2.5)和气态前体物浓度季节与日变化特征。结果表明:2018年北京城区PM_(2.5)平均质量浓度为50.6μg/m~3,灰霾污染事件频繁出现在春、秋、冬3个季节。SO_2、NO_2和CO与PM_(2.5)质量浓度变化趋势一致,PM_(2.5)质量浓度与风速呈负相关,相对湿度大于50%时,PM_(2.5)迅速形成和累积。从季节与日变化特征来看,SO_2、NO_2、O_3、PM_(2.5)浓度在不同季节均呈现不同的日变化特征。春季偏南风和偏东风相对应的PM_(2.5)浓度比较高,出现的雾霾污染事件较多。夏季雾霾污染事件多发生在南风和西风风向。
The seasonal and diurnal variations of PM_(2.5) and gaseous precursor concentrations(SO_2, O_3, NO_2, CO) in urban areas of Beijing in 2018 were analyzed and discussed in combination with the data of mass concentration and meteorological factors of PM_(2.5) and gaseous precursor concentrations in urban areas of Beijing in 2018. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) in Beijing city was 50.6 ug/m~3 in 2018, and the haze pollution events occurred frequently in spring, autumn and winter. SO_2, NO_2 and CO concentration are consistent with the change trend of PM_(2.5) mass concentration. PM_(2.5) mass concentration is negatively correlated with wind speed. When the relative humidity is more than 50%, PM_(2.5) rapidly forms and accumulates. From the perspective of seasonal and diurnal variation characteristics, SO_2, NO_2,O_3 and PM_(2.5) concentrations show different diurnal variation characteristics in different seasons. In spring, the concentration of PM_(2.5) corresponding to southerly winds and easterly winds is relatively high, and there aremany haze pollution incidents. Summer haze pollution events occur in the south and west wind direction.
The seasonal and diurnal variations of PM_(2.5) and gaseous precursor concentrations(SO_2, O_3, NO_2, CO) in urban areas of Beijing in 2018 were analyzed and discussed in combination with the data of mass concentration and meteorological factors of PM_(2.5) and gaseous precursor concentrations in urban areas of Beijing in 2018. The results showed that the average mass concentration of PM_(2.5) in Beijing city was 50.6 ug/m~3 in 2018, and the haze pollution events occurred frequently in spring, autumn and winter. SO_2, NO_2 and CO concentration are consistent with the change trend of PM_(2.5) mass concentration. PM_(2.5) mass concentration is negatively correlated with wind speed. When the relative humidity is more than 50%, PM_(2.5) rapidly forms and accumulates. From the perspective of seasonal and diurnal variation characteristics, SO_2, NO_2,O_3 and PM_(2.5) concentrations show different diurnal variation characteristics in different seasons. In spring, the concentration of PM_(2.5) corresponding to southerly winds and easterly winds is relatively high, and there aremany haze pollution incidents. Summer haze pollution events occur in the south and west wind direction.
引文
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[2]王琳琳.北京大气污染特征研究[D].济南:山东大学,2011.
[3]郭新彪.大气污染对健康影响研究的一些新进展[J].北京大学学报(医学版),2007,39(2):116～118.
[4]雷宇,薛文博,张衍燊,等.国家《大气污染防治行动计划》健康效益评估[J].中国环境管理,2015,7(5):50～53.
[5]刘伟.大气环境质量管理与污染综合防治研究[J].化工设计通讯,2017,43(7):207～207.
[6]刘勇,芦茜,黄志军.大气污染物对人体健康影响的研究[J].中国现代医学杂志,2011,21(1):87～91.
[7]谭永金.大气污染对气候的影响[J].气象与环境学报,1991,7(2):26～26.
[8]杨欣,陈义珍,赵妤希,等.2014～2017年北京城区霾污染态势及潜在来源[J].中国环境科学,2018,38(9):34～41.
[9]赵娜,尹志聪,吴方.北京一次持续性雾霾的特征及成因分析[J].气象与环境学报,2014,(5):15～20.
[10]邹青青,蔡旭晖,郭梦婷,等.北京地区大气污染物源区特征及与重污染过程的关系[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版),2018,54(2):341～349.
[11]联合国环境署:北京大气治污效果显著[J].建筑技术开发,2016(11).
[12]高文康,唐贵谦,吉东生,等.2013—2014年《大气污染防治行动计划》实施效果及对策建议[J].环境科学研究,2016,29(11):1567～1574.
[13]Huang R-J,Zhang Y,Bozzetti C,et al.High secondary aerosol contribution to particulate pollution during haze events in China[J].Nature,2014(514):218.
[14]蒋轶伦.中国城市典型大气污染物的来源、形成机制及其对大气质量和近海生产力的影响[D].上海:复旦大学,2011.
[15]陈仕意,曾立民,董华斌,等.华北地区乡村站点(曲周)夏季PM2.5中二次无机组分的生成机制与来源解析[J].环境科学,2015,36(10):3554～3565.
[16]黄晓锋,云慧,宫照恒,等.深圳大气PM2.5来源解析与二次有机气溶胶估算[J].中国科学:地球科学,2014,44(4):723.
[17]陈秋方,孙在,谢小芳.杭州灰霾天气超细颗粒浓度分布特征[J].环境科学,2014(8):2851～2856.
[18]张远航.张远航:大气复合污染是灰霾内因[J].环境,2008,(7):32～33.
[19]杨阳,李杏茹,陈曦,等.春季沙尘过程北京市不同粒径大气气溶胶污染特征及来源分析[J].环境科学,2018,39(12):29～36.
[20]苏卫东.北京郊区农村煤改清洁能源工作的进程、成效与建议[J].北京农业职业学院学报,2017,31(4):45～52.
[21]赵秀娟,张小玲,徐晓峰,等.北京城区和郊区PM2.5浓度季节与节日变化特征[C].北京:中国气象学会,2008.
[22]江琪,王飞,张恒德,等.北京市PM2.5和反应性气体浓度的变化特征及其与气象条件的关系[J].中国环境科学,2017,37(3):829～837.
[23]朱彤,尚静,赵德峰.大气复合污染及灰霾形成中非均相化学过程的作用[J].中国科学:化学,2010,40(12):1731.
[24]杨卫卫.矿质氧化物表面硫酸盐、硝酸盐和铵盐的生成机制研究[D].北京:中国科学院大学,2016.
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