减排管控期厦门市大气中挥发性有机物浓度变化特征及来源分析
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摘要
为研究大气减排管控措施对厦门市大气中挥发性有机物(Volatile organic compounds,VOCs)浓度及来源的影响,评估VOCs减排效果,于2017年8月28日至9月13日在厦门市中国科学院城市环境研究所(郊区站)使用VOCs在线监测仪器(AC-GCMS 1000)对金砖会议期间及前后厦门市大气挥发性有机物进行监测和分析。结果表明,金砖会议前、中、后时间段的总挥发性有机物(TVOCs)体积浓度分别为(19.09±9.65)×10~(-9)(V/V)、(9.39±3.35)×10~(-9)(V/V)和(14.88±9.68)×10~(-9)(V/V)。会议期间TVOCs较会议前分别下降51%和37%,其中含氧挥发性有机物(OVOCs)下降比例为90%,芳香烃与烯烃分别下降53%和38%,这3类VOCs均下降超过30%。会议前、中、后时间段总臭氧生成潜势(OFP)分别为162.06、77.14和121.45μg/m~3,二次有机气溶胶生成潜势(SOAP)分别为2.14、1.65和1.93 ng/m~3,会议期间OFP与SOAP较会议前分别下降52%和23%,芳香烃和烯烃为生成OFP的关键物种,芳香烃对SOA的生成起主导作用。PMF模型共解析出5个污染源,分别为机动车尾气源、植物排放源、溶剂使用源、油品挥发源和背景源,溶剂使用源为整个监测期间VOCs最大贡献源(32%),其质量浓度较会议前下降76%。本研究结果表明,控制溶剂使用源和机动车尾气排放源,会显著降低主要VOCs物种的浓度,对后续控制O_3生成及潜在SOA的产量有显著效果。本研究为厦门市及其它地区的VOCs污染控制提供了合理有效的参考。
To investigate the characteristics and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during the BRICS Conference in Xiamen and evaluate the effects of source control and mitigation policies, a online monitoring instrument(AC-GCMS 1000) was used to monitor VOCs, from August 28, 2017 to September 13 in the institute of Xiamen City, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results showed that the concentrations of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) were(19.09±9.65)×10~(-9)(V/V),(9.39±3.35)×10~(-9)(V/V),(14.88±9.68)×10~(-9)(V/V) before, during and after the conference, respectively. During the BRICS Conference, TVOCs decreased by 51% and 37% compared with that of before and after the conference. Specifically, the oxygen volatile organic compounds(OVOCs), aromatics and alkenes, were decreased by 90%, 53% and 38% respectively. The ozone formation potential(OFP) was the highest before the conference(162.06 μg/m~3), followed by that after(121.45 μg/m~3) and during(77.14 μg/m~3) conference. The same pattern was identified for the secondary organic aerosols potential(SOAP), which was calculated as 2.14, 1.65 and 1.93 mg/m~3, respectively. Overall, both OFP and SOAP were decreased by 52% and 23%, respectively. Aromatics and Alkenes were the key contributors of OFP. Aromatics played a leading role in the formation of SOA. Five emission sources of VOCs were identified by PMF model, including vehicle exhaust, biogenic VOCs, solvent utilization, gasoline evaporation and the background VOCs. The solvent utilization source was the largest contributor of VOCs during the Xiamen BRICS Conference(32%), which was decreased by 76% compared with that before the conference. The results of this study show that the mitigation of solvent utilization and vehicle exhaust can significantly reduce the concentrations of major VOCs species, and have a great effect on the subsequent control of O_3 and SOA production. This work suggests an effective direction to control VOCs emission in Xiamen and other areas.
To investigate the characteristics and source apportionment of volatile organic compounds(VOCs) during the BRICS Conference in Xiamen and evaluate the effects of source control and mitigation policies, a online monitoring instrument(AC-GCMS 1000) was used to monitor VOCs, from August 28, 2017 to September 13 in the institute of Xiamen City, Chinese Academy of Sciences. The results showed that the concentrations of total volatile organic compounds(TVOCs) were(19.09±9.65)×10~(-9)(V/V),(9.39±3.35)×10~(-9)(V/V),(14.88±9.68)×10~(-9)(V/V) before, during and after the conference, respectively. During the BRICS Conference, TVOCs decreased by 51% and 37% compared with that of before and after the conference. Specifically, the oxygen volatile organic compounds(OVOCs), aromatics and alkenes, were decreased by 90%, 53% and 38% respectively. The ozone formation potential(OFP) was the highest before the conference(162.06 μg/m~3), followed by that after(121.45 μg/m~3) and during(77.14 μg/m~3) conference. The same pattern was identified for the secondary organic aerosols potential(SOAP), which was calculated as 2.14, 1.65 and 1.93 mg/m~3, respectively. Overall, both OFP and SOAP were decreased by 52% and 23%, respectively. Aromatics and Alkenes were the key contributors of OFP. Aromatics played a leading role in the formation of SOA. Five emission sources of VOCs were identified by PMF model, including vehicle exhaust, biogenic VOCs, solvent utilization, gasoline evaporation and the background VOCs. The solvent utilization source was the largest contributor of VOCs during the Xiamen BRICS Conference(32%), which was decreased by 76% compared with that before the conference. The results of this study show that the mitigation of solvent utilization and vehicle exhaust can significantly reduce the concentrations of major VOCs species, and have a great effect on the subsequent control of O_3 and SOA production. This work suggests an effective direction to control VOCs emission in Xiamen and other areas.
引文
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19 Li J,Wu R,Li Y,Hao Y,Xie S,Zeng L.Sci.Total Environ.,2016,557:531-541
20 XU Hui,ZHANG Han,XING Zhen-Yu,DENG Jun-Jun.Environmental Science,2015,36(1):11-17 徐慧,张晗,邢振雨,邓君俊.环境科学,2015,36(1):11-17
21 WANG Jian.Environmental Engineering,2015,33(7):105-108王坚.环境工程,2015,33(7):105-108
22 Carter W P L.Air Waste,1994,44(7):881-899
23 Grosjean D,Seinfeld J H.Atmos.Environ.,1989,23(8):1733-1747
24 Grosjean D.Atmos.Environ.,1992,26(6):953-963
25 Paatero P,Tapper U.Environmetrics,2010,5(2):111-126
26 Norris G,Duvall R,Brown S,Bai S.U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2014
27 Song Y,Shao M,Liu Y,Lu S,Kuster W,Goldan P,Xie S.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2007,41(12):4348-4353
28 Buzcu B,Fraser M P.Atmos.Environ.,2006,40(13):2385-2400
29 Fujita E M.Sci.Total Environ.,2001,276(1-3):171
30 Liu Y,Shao M,Fu L,Lu S,Zeng L,Tang D.Atmos.Environ.,2008,42(25):6247-6260
31 LU Si-Hua,BAI Yu-Hua,ZHANG Guang-Shan,MA Jing.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2003,39(4):507-511陆思华,白郁华,张广山,马婧.北京大学学报(自然科学版) ,2003,39(4):507-511
32 Yuan B,Liu Y,Shao M,Lu S,Streets D G.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2010,44(12):4577-4582
33 GU Ying-Gang,YU Xiao-Fang,YANG Wen-Da,TIAN Zhi-Lin,LI Mei,CHENG Peng.Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2528-2537古颖纲,虞小芳,杨闻达,田智林,李梅,程鹏.环境科学,2018,39(6):2528-2537
34 ZHOU Yan,YUE Ding-Li,ZHANG Tao.Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2017,9(1):42-47周炎,岳玎利,张涛.环境监控与预警,2017,9(1):42-47
35 YANG Hui,ZHU Bin,GAO Jin-Hui,LI Yong-Yu,XIA Li.Environmental Science,2013,34(12):4519-4528杨辉,朱彬,高晋徽,李用宇,夏丽.环境科学,2013,34(12):4519-4528
36 WANG Qian,CHEN Chang-Hong,WANG Hong-Li,ZHOU Min,LOU Sheng-Rong,QIAO Li-Ping,HUANG Cheng,LI Li,SU Lei-Yan,MU Ying-Ying,CHEN Yi-Ran,CHEN Ming-Hua.Environmental Science,2013,34(2):424-433王倩,陈长虹,王红丽,周敏,楼晟荣,乔利平,黄成,李莉,苏雷燕,牟莹莹,陈宜然,陈明华.环境科学,2013,34(2):424-433
37 LU Si-Hua,BAI Yu-Hua,ZHANG Guang-Shan,LI Tian-Tian.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(5):757-763陆思华,白郁华,张广山,李湉湉.环境科学学报,2006,26(5):757-763
38 Xie Y,Berkowitz C M.Atmos.Environ.,2006,40(17):3070-3091
39 Cai C,Geng F,Tie X,Yu Q,An J.Atmos.Environ.,2010,44(38):5005-5014
40 ZHANG Gui-Qin,JIANG De-Chao,LI Man,WEI Zheng.Environmental Science & Technology,2014,37(120):195-200张桂芹,姜德超,李曼,魏征.环境科学与技术,2014,37(120):195-200
41 GAO Shuang,ZHANG Kun,GAO Song,XIU Guang-Li,CHENG Na,PAN Yan.Environmental Science,2017,38(3):855-866高爽,张坤,高松,修光利,程娜,潘研.环境科学,2017,38(3):855-866
42 Lau A K,Yuan Z,Yu J Z,Louie P K.Sci.Total Environ.,2010,408(19):4138-4149
2 GENG Shi-Ke.Inner Mongolia Petrochemical Industry,2006,32(12):93-94耿师科.内蒙古石油化工,2006,32(12):93-94
3 Kansal A.J.Hazard.Mater.,2009,166(1):17-26
4 MA Hui-Lian,JIN Jing,LI Yun,CHEN Ji-Ping.Chinese Journal of Chromatography,2017,35(10):1094-1099马慧莲,金静,李云,陈吉平.色谱,2017,35(10):1094-1099
5 ZHANG Qiang-Ling,ZOU Xue,LIANG Qu,ZHANG Ya-Ting,YI Ming-Jian,WANG Hong-Mei,HUANG Chao-Qun,SHEN Cheng-Yin,CHU Yan-Nan.Chinese J.Anal.Chem.,2018,46(4):471-478张强领,邹雪,梁渠,张亚婷,易明建,王鸿梅,黄超群,沈成银,储焰南.分析化学,2018,46(4):471-478
6 Sun J,Wu F K,Hu B,Tang G Q,Zhang J K,Wang Y S.Atmos.Environ.,2016,141:560-570
7 Wang J L,Din G Z,Chan C C.J.Chromatogr.A,2004,1027(1):11-18
8 Wang N,Li N,Liu Z,Evans E.Air Qual.Atmos.Health,2015,9(7):785-793
9 Tiwari V,Hanai Y,Masunaga S.Air Qual.Atmos.Health,2010,3(2):65-75
10 Wang T,Xue L,Brimblecombe P,Lam Y F,Li L,Zhang L.Sci.Total Environ.,2017,575:1582-1596
11 CHEN Zhuo,LIU Jun-Feng,TAO Wei,TAO Shu.Environmental Science,2016,37(8):2815-2822陈卓,刘峻峰,陶玮,陶澍.环境科学,2016,37(8):2815-2822
12 LEI Yu,NING Miao.Environmental Protection,2017,45(13):13-17雷宇,宁淼.环境保护,2017,45(13):13-17
13 LONG Gui-Lin,CHENG Long.Pollution Control Technology,2017,30(2):77-79龙桂林,成龙.污染防治技术,2017,30(2):77-79
14 CHEN Chang-Hong,SU Lei-Yan,WANG Hong-Li,HUANG Cheng,LI Li,ZHOU Min,QIAO Yue-Zhen,CHEN Yi-Ran,CHEN Ming-Hua,HUANG Hai-Ying.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2012,32(2):367-376陈长虹,苏雷燕,王红丽,黄成,李莉,周敏,乔月珍,陈宜然,陈明华,黄海英.环境科学学报,2012,32(2):367-376
15 WANG Li-Hong,CHEN Chang-Hong,HUANG Hai-Ying,WANG Qian,CHEN Yi-Ran,HUANG Cheng,LI Li,ZHANG Gang-Feng,CHEN Ming-Hua,LOU Sheng-Rong,QIAO Li-Ping.Environmental Science,2012,33(12):4151-4158王红丽,陈长虹,黄海英,王倩,陈宜然,黄成,李莉,张钢锋,陈明华,楼晟荣,乔利平.环境科学,2012,33(12):4151-4158
16 Li K,Li J,Wang W,Tong S,Liggio J,Ge M.Atmos.Environ.,2017,164:117-127
17 YANG Gan,WEI Wei,LV Zhao-Feng,CHENG Shui-Yuan,LI Yue.China Environmental Science,2016,36(5):1297-1304杨干,魏巍,吕兆丰,程水源,李月.中国环境科学,2016,36(5):1297-1304
18 ZHANG Lin,ZHANG Xiang-Zhi,QIN Wei,MAO Jing-Jing,QIN Yan-Hong,XIE Wei-Ping,SHI Wen-Ke,CHEN Wen-Tai.Environmental Science,2017,38(7):2718-2727张璘,张祥志,秦玮,茅晶晶,秦艳红,谢卫平,史文科,陈文泰.环境科学,2017,38(7):2718-2727
19 Li J,Wu R,Li Y,Hao Y,Xie S,Zeng L.Sci.Total Environ.,2016,557:531-541
20 XU Hui,ZHANG Han,XING Zhen-Yu,DENG Jun-Jun.Environmental Science,2015,36(1):11-17 徐慧,张晗,邢振雨,邓君俊.环境科学,2015,36(1):11-17
21 WANG Jian.Environmental Engineering,2015,33(7):105-108王坚.环境工程,2015,33(7):105-108
22 Carter W P L.Air Waste,1994,44(7):881-899
23 Grosjean D,Seinfeld J H.Atmos.Environ.,1989,23(8):1733-1747
24 Grosjean D.Atmos.Environ.,1992,26(6):953-963
25 Paatero P,Tapper U.Environmetrics,2010,5(2):111-126
26 Norris G,Duvall R,Brown S,Bai S.U.S.Environmental Protection Agency,2014
27 Song Y,Shao M,Liu Y,Lu S,Kuster W,Goldan P,Xie S.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2007,41(12):4348-4353
28 Buzcu B,Fraser M P.Atmos.Environ.,2006,40(13):2385-2400
29 Fujita E M.Sci.Total Environ.,2001,276(1-3):171
30 Liu Y,Shao M,Fu L,Lu S,Zeng L,Tang D.Atmos.Environ.,2008,42(25):6247-6260
31 LU Si-Hua,BAI Yu-Hua,ZHANG Guang-Shan,MA Jing.Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis,2003,39(4):507-511陆思华,白郁华,张广山,马婧.北京大学学报(自然科学版) ,2003,39(4):507-511
32 Yuan B,Liu Y,Shao M,Lu S,Streets D G.Environ.Sci.Technol.,2010,44(12):4577-4582
33 GU Ying-Gang,YU Xiao-Fang,YANG Wen-Da,TIAN Zhi-Lin,LI Mei,CHENG Peng.Environmental Science,2018,39(6):2528-2537古颖纲,虞小芳,杨闻达,田智林,李梅,程鹏.环境科学,2018,39(6):2528-2537
34 ZHOU Yan,YUE Ding-Li,ZHANG Tao.Environmental Monitoring and Forewarning,2017,9(1):42-47周炎,岳玎利,张涛.环境监控与预警,2017,9(1):42-47
35 YANG Hui,ZHU Bin,GAO Jin-Hui,LI Yong-Yu,XIA Li.Environmental Science,2013,34(12):4519-4528杨辉,朱彬,高晋徽,李用宇,夏丽.环境科学,2013,34(12):4519-4528
36 WANG Qian,CHEN Chang-Hong,WANG Hong-Li,ZHOU Min,LOU Sheng-Rong,QIAO Li-Ping,HUANG Cheng,LI Li,SU Lei-Yan,MU Ying-Ying,CHEN Yi-Ran,CHEN Ming-Hua.Environmental Science,2013,34(2):424-433王倩,陈长虹,王红丽,周敏,楼晟荣,乔利平,黄成,李莉,苏雷燕,牟莹莹,陈宜然,陈明华.环境科学,2013,34(2):424-433
37 LU Si-Hua,BAI Yu-Hua,ZHANG Guang-Shan,LI Tian-Tian.Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae,2006,26(5):757-763陆思华,白郁华,张广山,李湉湉.环境科学学报,2006,26(5):757-763
38 Xie Y,Berkowitz C M.Atmos.Environ.,2006,40(17):3070-3091
39 Cai C,Geng F,Tie X,Yu Q,An J.Atmos.Environ.,2010,44(38):5005-5014
40 ZHANG Gui-Qin,JIANG De-Chao,LI Man,WEI Zheng.Environmental Science & Technology,2014,37(120):195-200张桂芹,姜德超,李曼,魏征.环境科学与技术,2014,37(120):195-200
41 GAO Shuang,ZHANG Kun,GAO Song,XIU Guang-Li,CHENG Na,PAN Yan.Environmental Science,2017,38(3):855-866高爽,张坤,高松,修光利,程娜,潘研.环境科学,2017,38(3):855-866
42 Lau A K,Yuan Z,Yu J Z,Louie P K.Sci.Total Environ.,2010,408(19):4138-4149
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